CCTV4 national treasure archives news, China’s ancestors made our descendants proud and surprised the world. Everyone knows the four great inventions, but you may not know how many worlds were the best in ancient China …
1. The earliest planting of rice and millet.
As early as 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, during the matriarchal clan commune, rice and millet had been planted in China.
2, the earliest invention of sericulture and silk weaving.
As early as four or five thousand years ago, during the patriarchal clan commune, China began to raise silkworms for reeling, and the prevention and control technology made new progress.
3. Paint has the longest history.
Red lacquer bowls were unearthed at Hemudu site in primitive society. Lacquerware manufacturing in Shang and Zhou Dynasties has reached a high level.
4, the use of words, the longest circulation time.
Chinese characters are still the only ancient characters widely used in the world. Chinese characters came into being from the end of primitive society to the early slave society, and by the time of Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions had become a relatively mature character.
5, the longest date method
As the greatest achievement of the calendar of Shang Dynasty, the method of keeping the date of the year by the cadres and branches is the longest one in the world.
6, the earliest recorded solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
Records of early solar and lunar eclipses in China are kept in the relevant historical materials of Xia Dynasty and Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. This is also the earliest existing record in the world.
7, the earliest invention of cast iron softening technology.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the softening treatment technology of cast iron created by our people was more than two thousand years earlier than that in Europe.
8. The earliest record of Halley’s comet.
The Spring and Autumn Annals records that in 613 BC, "a star entered the Beidou", which is recognized as the first exact record of Halley’s comet in the world, more than 600 years earlier than in Europe.
9, the earliest establishment of the 19-year seven-leap calendar.
The legislation in the Spring and Autumn Period has formed a fixed system, basically establishing the principle of seven leaps in nineteen years, 160 years earlier than in the West.
10. The earliest astronomical works
During the Warring States Period, Gan De, a Chu man, and Shi Shen, a Wei man, each wrote an astronomical work, which was later collectively called Gan Shi Xing Jing, which contained rich astronomical records.
11, the earliest use of plows
In the Western Han Dynasty, plow walls were installed on plows, which was more than 1000 years earlier than in Europe.
12. The earliest sunspot record
The Five Elements Records in Hanshu states: "In the first year of Emperor Heping of the Han Dynasty (28 BC), March was over (18th), and the sun was yellow, with black gas as big as money, and it lived in the center of Japan." This record about sunspots in the Western Han Dynasty is recognized by the world as the earliest record about sunspots.
13. The most advanced applied mathematics
Nine Chapters Arithmetic, a mathematical monograph written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, introduced many arithmetic propositions and their solutions in nine chapters. It was the most advanced applied mathematics in the world at that time, marking the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.
14, the earliest seismograph to determine the earthquake orientation.
The seismograph invented and manufactured by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, can remotely measure the direction of earthquakes thousands of miles away, more than 1,700 years before Europeans made it.
15, the earliest invention of anesthetics
Hua Tuo, a "magical doctor" at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, extracted and made hemp boiling powder from plants, which was suitable for surgery, more than 1,600 years earlier than in the West.
16. The earliest invention of papermaking
There was paper in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the paper with maps unearthed in Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu Province is the earliest known paper in the world. In 105 AD, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty improved papermaking and made cheap and easy-to-write paper. And the raw materials are easy to get, so it is called "Cai Hou Paper".
17, the earliest accurate calculation of pi.
Liu Wei, a mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties, put forward a correct method to calculate pi by using limit theory. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties accurately calculated pi between 3.1415926 and 301415927, which was nearly a thousand years earlier than that of foreign countries.
18. The longest and earliest canal
From 605 to 610, Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center, connecting Zhuojun (now Beijing) in the north and Yuhang (now Hangzhou) in the south, which is the earliest and longest Grand Canal in the world.
19. The largest seagoing ship
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China was able to build the largest seagoing ship in the world at that time. When passing through the Persian Gulf, it had to change boats, so it was known as the "overlord of the sea".
20. The earliest bank
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the counters specialized in the deposit and lending of money, which was the earliest prototype of banks in China, six or seven hundred years earlier than the financial institutions in Europe.
21, the earliest invention of printing
When Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was in the reign of Emperor Wen, he "abandoned the image and left the classics, and ordered them to be carved, which was the beginning of printing books". During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were carved Buddhist calendars and books. The Diamond Sutra, which was printed in 868 in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world. In the middle of the 11th century, Bi Sheng, a commoner in the Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing, more than four centuries before Europeans.
22, the earliest invention of gunpowder and its application in the military.
In the books of the mid-Tang dynasty, the formula of gunpowder has been made. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military, and the rocket was the earliest gunpowder weapon. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the tubular firearm "musket" was invented, which was the earliest primitive rifle in the world and created a new stage in the history of human warfare.
23, the earliest measurement of meridian length and the earliest discovery of star movement.
An outstanding astronomer in the Tang Dynasty, Monk and his party, were the founders of measuring the meridian length of the earth by scientific methods in the world, about 90 years earlier than foreign countries. Monks and his party also created a zodiac travel instrument to observe the position and movement of the sun, moon and five stars. Through observation, a line found the phenomenon of star position movement. This is nearly a thousand years before the British astronomer Harley put forward the idea of stars’ self-motion in 1718.
24, the earliest pharmacopoeia issued by the state.
Tang Materia Medica, edited by Tang Gaozong, is the earliest pharmacopoeia in the world and issued by the state.
25. The oldest ancient arch bridge
Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.
26. The biggest art treasure house
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is one of the largest art treasures in the world, with more than 1000 caves, in which statues of Buddha with different expressions are shaped and murals with golden walls are painted. Among them, caves in the Sui and Tang Dynasties accounted for 67/10.
27. The compass was first invented and applied to navigation.
During the Warring States period, people used the characteristics of magnet guide ratio to make a guide tool-Sina. After constant transformation, Sina made a compass in the Song Dynasty, and it was first used in navigation. Compass has been widely used in navigation traffic in Song Dynasty.
In the 13th century, the compass was introduced to Arab and European countries. Compass is used in navigation, which has greatly promoted the exchange and development of world economy and culture. At the same time, it also provided important conditions for European navigation to discover America and realize global navigation.
28. Determine the annual cycle at the earliest.
Guo Shoujing was an outstanding astronomer in the Yuan Dynasty. He presided over the compilation of the Chronology Calendar. The period of one year was basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but the current Gregorian calendar was 300 years earlier.
29. The earliest ocean voyage
From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He made seven voyages, visited more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa as far as possible. Its scale, duration and voyage are unprecedented in the history of world navigation. He was more than half a century earlier than the ocean voyage of European navigators.
30. The earliest description of limestone dissolution landform.
In Xu Xiake’s Travels, a geographer of Ming Dynasty, the observation and description of limestone dissolution landform was about two centuries earlier than that in Europe.
31, the earliest discussion of beriberi.
Sun Simiao, a medical doctor in the Tang Dynasty, recorded in Qian Jin Fang that almond, Evodia rutaecarpa, Sichuan pepper and chaff containing a large amount of vitamin B could be used to treat and prevent beriberi, which was very advanced at that time. It is almost a thousand years earlier than the first discussion of beriberi in Europe.
32. The earliest use of paper money
"Jiaozi" was created in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was the beginning of the use of paper money in China and the earliest paper money in the world.
33, the earliest discovery of geomagnetic declination
Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, discovered the phenomenon that the magnetic needle points due south and slightly east, which is the earliest record of geomagnetic declination, more than 400 years earlier than that in Europe.
Original title: Culture | The 33 greatest inventions in the world in ancient China are amazing!
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