作者： admin

　　In the impression of many people, most of them learn programming to take the exam, and only "code farmer" and "Cheng Xuyuan" will use it after work.

　　Scratch, python, C++ and other programming languages, can children understand them? Is it useful to learn this? This may be the doubt that most people who are new to children’s programming will have.

　　In fact, children’s programming education is not programming for the sake of programming, but the core is algorithm and logic, and its essence is to train children’s abilities of planning conception, logical analysis, pattern recognition, problem decomposition, test and error correction.

　　No, in the final of the 17th National Information Technology Innovation and Practice Competition for Primary and Secondary Schools held in Zibo, Shandong Province on the 25th of this month, 28 contestants from Yudaishan Primary School in our city won the first prize, 6 won the second prize, 14 won the second prize and 8 won the third prize.

　　So, if you are still addicted to brushing Tik Tok and playing "eat chicken" and know nothing about programming, wake up quickly.

　　Chongqing Evening News-Photo Report by Upstream Journalist Wang Yufeng

　　Design 1. Innovation of Internet of Things, Knowing People’s Warm and Cold

　　A yellow fish-shaped robot swims slowly along the direction of the pipeline extension, and the fish eye emits dazzling white light from time to time. When it swims to the end of the curve, the robot car outside the pool starts instantly, and goes all the way along the line drawn on the ground, heading for the end — — This is a wonderful scene of the underwater robot project in which the contestants of Yudaishan Primary School participated in this competition.

　　As one of the 29 competitions determined by the Ministry of Education this year, more than 5,000 students finally participated in the finals, and the popularity can be imagined. Yesterday afternoon, the reporter interviewed some contestants of Yudaishan Primary School.

　　Zhang Yihan, a 10-year-old student from Yudaishan Primary School, participated in the innovation of Internet of Things.

　　Zhang Yihan told reporters that once I watched the news, I said that northern athletes went to Chongqing to play football because they didn’t adapt to the hot environment, which led to poor performance. "When I go to the hospital at ordinary times, I will find that it is also summer. After blowing the air conditioner, some people can tolerate it, while others will catch a cold and have a fever, indicating that everyone’s adaptation to temperature is different."

　　From the first year of contact programming, Zhang Yihan wanted to use the knowledge he had learned to solve this problem. I didn’t expect to participate in the competition this year, and his dream was transformed into the result of the competition.

　　In the laboratory on the fourth floor of Yudaishan Primary School Teaching Building, Zhang Yihan showed the reporter his innovative design of the Internet of Things. There are temperature, humidity, air quality and illumination sensing devices in this design. By inputting everyone’s adaptation values to different temperatures, humidity and air quality, we can provide such an environment for athletes in a certain environment. "My design is actually very suitable for families with babies, providing babies with temperatures suitable for them, so that they are not easy to get sick."

　　In the end, Zhang Yihan’s design won the second prize in the competition.

　　Design 2 makes underwater leak detection more accurate

　　The 11-year-old Gong Aoxu participated in the finals for the second time this year. Compared with last year’s finals in Inner Mongolia, she said that she was a little more calm.

　　"The project of last year’s competition was a fighting robot to see the reaction and action of the robot. The project I participated in this year is an underwater robot, and it is necessary to detect whether there are leaks in underwater oil pipes and water pipes. " Gong Aoxu said.

　　In the laboratory, Gong Aoxu modified the robot program on the spot. While assembling the robot fish, she skillfully said to the reporter, "Auntie, look, this ‘ Fish ’ It’s provided by the organizing Committee. You can’t move it. The working environment we set is that it will be an underwater inspector. For example, if the submarine oil pipeline leaks, the robot fish can be found and repaired early, which will better protect the marine ecology. "

　　After talking and assembling, Gong Aoxu took the robot fish to the water for testing. From not being able to move forward to being able to move forward, and then turning smoothly along the bending direction of the test pipe, the little girl’s nervous expression finally spread out. "I was actually a little nervous that day, and finally I was ok and succeeded."

　　Gong Aoxu’s design concept is to realize underwater detection of robot fish by using the function of infrared sensor. At the same time, the infrared sensor is connected with the external work vehicle, and the two devices are seamlessly connected. "When there is both underwater and land (work), once the robot fish completes the underwater detection, the infrared sensor sends a signal to the work vehicle, and the work vehicle can carry out the detection on land."

　　This design was unanimously recognized by the judges in the competition.

▲ The small players are debugging underwater.

　　　　　 Design 3 machine repair of voice broadcast leakage points

　　Chen Jingyue, a 10-year-old fourth-grade student, also participated in the underwater robot competition. On the basis of the robot fish lighting up to prompt the leak, she wrote a voice broadcast program so that the robot fish can report where the leak is more accurately.

　　Chen Jingyue told reporters with a robotic fish that her design mainly adds a swing amplitude device to the appearance of the fish. "In this way, the stability of fish swimming will be greatly enhanced."

　　However, the best change is the addition of a voice broadcast program. Chen Jingyue told reporters that the simultaneous realization of lighting and voice will improve the accuracy and adapt to different groups of people. For people with hearing and hearing impairment, robot fish can work and serve them well.

　　Zhang Junfeng, the teacher who led the team, told the reporter that the robot fish designed by the students actually has two arms. "In the future, underwater welding can be realized. For some leaks, the robot fish can easily make up, reducing the workload for human beings."

　　Zou Yutong, who won the first prize in the underwater robot competition and is only 9 years old this year, told reporters that the biggest gain of learning programming is the spirit of mutual assistance he felt during the learning process.

　　Zou Yutong said that at the beginning, he joined the robot society mainly for fun. Later, it was found that robots are easy to break down, and they need programming knowledge for maintenance, but their knowledge is limited. "Every time I encounter difficulties, I go to other students for help. Many students’ knowledge comes together and finally work together to solve the problem."

　　What is programming education?

　　If you don’t understand the information technology innovation and practice competition, then when it comes to children’s programming, you will be familiar with children at home.

　　In 2018, the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission issued the Notice on Strengthening Programming Education in Primary and Secondary Schools to write computer programs, which will become a compulsory course for primary and secondary school students in our city in the future. According to this notice, our city will popularize programming education with compulsory courses for all primary and secondary school students. Among them, there are not less than 36 class hours in grades 3 to 6 of primary school, not less than 36 class hours in junior high school, and the class hours in senior high school are set according to the requirements of the national information technology curriculum. Each primary and secondary school is equipped with at least one full-time programming education teacher.

　　It is reported that programming education originated in the United States, but it has been included in compulsory courses in Europe and Japan for only four or five years. In 2017, Singapore included programming in primary and secondary school exams. In terms of programming education, Chongqing has been at the forefront of the country, and there is a big fashion among parents, including Tong Cheng Tong Mei, Bell Robot, Xiaomawang and other programming institutions are also overcrowded.

　　What are the benefits of learning programming?

　　Ms. Chen, who lives in the Workers’ Village in Shapingba District, has a son who is in the fifth grade. She can’t stand the influence of the "theater effect" and also enrolled her son to learn programming. Since then, my son likes to play computer programming software at home when he has nothing to do. "I think he likes it very much and still supports it." Ms. Chen told reporters.

　　As for the future use of learning programming, Ms. Chen’s goal is clear: "If you learn programming well, you can participate in the competition. As long as you can win the prize in the national information Olympics, it will be very beneficial for high school to go to college."

　　In a programming school near the Three Gorges Square, the reporter saw many children practicing programming on the computer. The reporter consulted the staff as a parent. How can learning programming help students? The staff said that now the education department has issued a policy to support programming to enter the campus. If they are in this mechanism, they can choose different subjects according to their children’s acceptance. "Generally, children in junior high school learn C++, and beginners will choose Scratch and Python languages."

　　"Plate learning?" The reporter asked, and the other party said "yes" for sure.

　　"Will it lead to the inability to apply knowledge in a comprehensive way in the future?" For this reporter’s question, the staff said that generally speaking, what plate is learned is what plate, and it will not be tested across plates. But when the reporter mentioned the application of programming in life, the other party did not answer.

　　How to learn children programming?

　　Regarding the present situation in the market, Ge Jing, an information technology teacher in Chongqing No.1 Middle School, said that there is a strict level of programming learning in schools. For the purpose of developing interest, it is no problem for parents to let their children go to off-campus institutions for enlightening learning. Once they go to school with a strong purpose, children will inevitably have to carry out super-level learning and overload training, which will easily make them feel tired of learning.

　　"I saw with my own eyes that a child with a tenth grade piano never wants to touch the piano again in her life, because the pain left by learning is far more than happiness, and so is programming." Teacher Ge suggested that if a child has a strong interest, he should try to extend his interest step by step, so as to realize the combination of interest and learning and avoid the occurrence of a gust of wind.

　　Zhang Junfeng, a teacher who led the informatics competition in Yudaishan Primary School, believes that informatics, like all disciplines, has different levels of introduction, foundation and promotion. If you don’t master this level and choose leap-forward learning, it will easily lead to the collapse of the knowledge construction system, which will eventually make students lose interest in learning and lose the original intention and purpose of learning. "Only by learning step by step, programming learning will not become utilitarian."

　　After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, under the joint action of various forces, the global economic governance system entered a critical period of accelerated change. This judgment is mainly based on the following reasons.

　　The profound adjustment of the international economic structure requires the global economic governance system to accelerate the reform. In recent years, emerging market countries and a large number of developing countries have developed rapidly, and their share in international trade and investment has risen sharply, accounting for more than half of foreign investment. Especially since the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, developing countries have contributed about 80% of the global economic growth. However, the distribution of voting rights and discourse rights in global economic governance does not fully reflect this revolutionary change in the balance of international power. It is becoming the consensus of the international community to increase the voting rights and discourse rights of developing countries in the global economic governance system, promote the global economic governance system to be more democratic and effectively reflect the profound changes in the international economic structure. The adjustment of the World Bank’s share and the entry of RMB into the SDR currency basket have opened the prelude to the democratic reform of the global economic governance system.

　　The sharp expansion of the global income gap requires improving the inclusiveness of the global economic governance system. The international economic and trade rules dominated by developed countries are essentially beneficial to developed countries and not to developing countries. This unfair international economic and trade rule has further widened the international income gap. At present, the Gini coefficient of global income is as high as 0.7, and income inequality has become a huge challenge facing the world today. Developing countries strongly demand that international economic and trade rules be adjusted in a more just and reasonable direction.

　　Some developed countries have turned to trade protectionism, making the global economic governance system face directional choices. Developed countries are generally the beneficiaries of economic globalization, but they also face the challenge of hollowing out traditional industries. This was originally the result of countries participating in the global division of labor according to their comparative advantages. However, due to the defects in the internal income distribution adjustment mechanism of some developed countries, the widening of their domestic income gap has become a serious social problem. The international financial crisis has highlighted this problem, and the Internet has promoted the spread of ultra-nationalism and populism. Some groups in developed countries mistakenly blame their social problems on economic globalization and the "unfair competitive advantage" of other countries. In recent years, the United States has changed its free trade proposition for many years, demanding so-called "fair trade" and trying to lead the adjustment of international economic and trade rules to a more favorable direction for itself. There is also an increasingly strong anti-economic globalization sentiment in some European countries. Economic globalization has reached a crossroads, and the global economic governance system is facing directional choices.

　　The global economic governance system is fragmented and inefficient, and it is difficult to effectively deal with the new problems facing the international economy. After decades of evolution, regional trade arrangements in the global economic governance system are criss-crossed, which intensifies the fragmentation of the governance system and reduces the efficiency of the governance system and the coordination of economic policies of various countries. The international financial crisis in 2008 fully exposed the shortcomings of the global economic governance system in preventing financial risks and cultivating economic kinetic energy. At the same time, new situations and problems such as information technology progress, network security and climate change have also put forward new requirements for the global economic governance system.

　　The global economic governance system has entered a critical period of accelerating change, calling for new wisdom to promote reform. It has become a consensus to reform the global economic governance system, but there are different or even diametrically opposed views between developed and developing countries on the goal and how to reform. In the reform of global economic governance system, one-sided adherence to the concept and practice of giving priority to national interests will only bring more contradictions and conflicts between countries, and win-win cooperation is the way to solve the problem. All countries in the world, especially major powers, should proceed from the overall situation, seek common interests, promote consensus, promote the reform of global economic governance system responsibly, continuously improve the fairness, inclusiveness and sustainability of global economic governance system, continuously improve the efficiency and level of global economic governance, and promote the healthy development of economic globalization. (Long Guoqiang, Deputy Director of the State Council Development Research Center)

　　The most valuable and influential spiritual wealth left by Marx is the scientific theory named after him — — Marxism. Marxism has profoundly changed not only the world, but also China. Since the emergence of Marxism, China, which has suffered from foreign aggression and disasters in modern times, has achieved a great historical leap from the sick man of East Asia to the rich, and has ushered in a new great leap from being rich to being strong. The great success of Marxism in China has not only eloquently proved the great truth power and vitality of Marxism, but also greatly enhanced its influence in the world. At the same time, it has made great progress in Marxism, constantly opening up new realms and creating new forms. Facts have proved that Marxism and China in modern times are a community of destiny that shares weal and woe. Adhering to and developing Marxism is a red line to maintain this community of destiny, and it is our true inheritance of Marx’s most precious spiritual wealth. Today, we must learn and understand Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era from this theoretical standpoint.

　　First, grasping the problems of the times, expounding the spirit of the times and leading the trend of the times are not only the reasons why Marxism has always had strong truth power and vitality, but also the basic history and theoretical logic of upholding and developing Marxism.

　　Time is the mother of thought and practice is the source of theory. The understanding and evaluation of any thought depends on its grasp of the era and its characteristics, while the scientific grasp of the times, the trend of the times and the spirit of the times is the characteristic of Marx and his successors in the same strain in thought. Merlin, a famous Marxist theorist, once profoundly pointed out that the emergence of Marx’s great thoughts could not be imagined by even the most talented minds in the past, and its secrets could only be exposed at a certain point in human history. (Merlin: Defending Marxism, People’s Publishing House, 1982, p. 3) Therefore, to know Marx, we must know the era when he came into being; To evaluate Marx, we must focus on Marx’s grasp of the times; To inherit Marx’s spiritual wealth, we must adhere to and develop Marx’s standpoint, viewpoint and method of scientifically grasping the times.

　　The remarkable characteristics of the formation period of Marxism are the alternation of two revolutions and the intersection of two ideological trends. Specifically, it was still in the period of bourgeois democratic revolution, but the modern proletarian revolution has entered the stage of world history and shown an increasingly strong development momentum. Accordingly, the classical ideological trend, which represents the ideological achievements of the emerging bourgeoisie, is in full swing, dominating people’s way of thinking and historical vision, while the utopian socialist ideological trend, which represents the immature state of the early working class, has also emerged, opening up people’s ideological space and exploring paths. With the great changes of the times, historical scenes are rapidly switched, social contradictions are complicated, difficulties and challenges emerge one after another, and the prospects for the way out are foggy. All the puzzles focus on two paradoxes arising from the development of capitalism: one is the coexistence of huge growth of material wealth and unprecedented aggravation of poverty, and the other is the coexistence of rich and diverse material wealth and one-sided development of human beings. Although various schools of thought have contributed their own thoughts, only Marx has solved the paradox of this era.

　　The key to grasp the times is to solve the "question of the times". Although people have different degrees of perception of the challenges of the times, it is difficult to ask questions correctly. The urgent problem of an era has the same fate as any problem that is well-founded in content and therefore reasonable: the main difficulty is not the answer, but the problem. The problem is "the motto of the times" and "the open and unscrupulous voice of the times that dominates all individuals". (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1995, p. 203) In Marx’s era, "human liberation" has been called for hundreds of years, but it is an empty fantasy. How can it be transformed into a practical proposition of the times? Only Marx put forward for the first time with profound historical materialism that the liberation of human beings must be attributed to the liberation of the proletariat, "the secret of the 19th century revolution: the liberation of the proletariat". (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1995, p. 386) The liberation of the proletariat has thus truly become an issue of the times for human liberation.

　　It can be seen that the difficulty in grasping the times lies in finding a new class worthy of great responsibility. It is not easy to find a new class in the era of great changes in history. The most obvious thing is that the discussion on the poverty of the proletariat and the social changes it has triggered has aroused widespread concern, but it has failed to jump out of the narrow vision of bourgeois social private ownership. Marx was the first to see the historical trend that the proletarian revolution replaced the bourgeois revolution and the communist movement replaced the Enlightenment. Marx not only discovered the modern proletariat from the historical investigation of the three major European workers’ movements in modern times, but also completed the combination with the working class from the international workers’ movement organized by himself, and saw the historical initiative and creativity of the working class from the great revolution of the Paris Commune, thus establishing the idea of transition to a proletarian society through the dictatorship of the proletariat.

　　Today, "although the era in which we live has undergone tremendous and profound changes compared with the era in which Marx lived, from the perspective of 500 years of world socialism, we are still in the historical era pointed out by Marxism. This is the scientific basis for our firm confidence in Marxism and our belief in winning socialism. " (The Supreme Leader’s Talk on Governing the Country, Volume 2, foreign languages press, 2017, p. 66) From the perspective of the characteristics of the times, we are indeed experiencing a historical scene similar to Marx’s life period, which is the "great change that has not happened in a hundred years." The contemporary world presents a situation of profound and complex changes, full of uncertainty, which makes people look forward to the future and feel confused. The common challenges faced by human society far exceed the consensus of human response to challenges. The opportunities for development are hidden in endless challenges. The common interests of human beings are divided in the highlights and conflicts of local interests, and the historical trend is hidden from time to time under the interference of many counter-currents and eddies. Open or closed, forward or backward, mankind is facing a new major choice. To answer the questions of these times, we must not be afraid of clouds, be good at seeing the sun through the clouds, and recognize the general trend of the world. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era adheres to the Marxist viewpoint that judging the trend of the times must be based on objective historical laws, scientifically separating the historical trend from the coat it wraps, and promoting the historical trend by relying on new social forces.And creative application under the new historical conditions has laid a solid foundation for us to judge the times and recognize the trend of the times. It can be said that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era" is based on the historical changes in contemporary China, the scientific judgment on China’s new historical position, and the great judgment based on the contemporary world pattern and new order, especially the historical changes in the relationship between contemporary China and the world.

　　The historical orientation established in the new era shows that contemporary China and the contemporary world are at a historical juncture of great turning point. An ancient oriental nation has a glorious and uninterrupted history of thousands of years, and a century-long humiliation of being trampled on by others and ruining the country in modern times. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), after a hundred years of struggle, it finally ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. This great change, which happened in the world’s most populous country, will inevitably profoundly affect and change the course of world history. The historical orientation established in the new era shows that we firmly regard peaceful development as the theme and characteristics of the times, that we regard upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics as the theme of all theories and practices of contemporary China, and that we regard upholding peaceful development, win-win cooperation and promoting the building of a community of human destiny as the guiding ideology for establishing relations between contemporary China and the world. Cutting economic globalization, trade liberalization and capitalism, actively integrating into economic globalization, playing a major role in promoting world peace and development together with third world countries and emerging market countries, and promoting a fairer and more reasonable world order and the establishment of global governance rules are all pioneering works that lead the trend of the times.

　　Second, establishing the people’s historical subject position with the modern working class as the core is the starting point and destination of all Marxist theories, and also the fundamental position of upholding and developing Marxism.

　　History is always human history, and the key is who creates history and how people who are the main body of historical activities identify it. From the world view, in the final analysis, there are two kinds of identification: one is individual subject, which seems to be consistent with people’s experience, and human existence is first of all a living individual. However, the individual in the biological sense is not the subject of historical activities. Only by constantly solving the contradictory relationship with nature can the subject of historical activities be formed through the process of socialization. From the perspective of abstract individual subject and epistemology, there is definitely no objective law, and even if there is one, it is unknown. Therefore, the creative source of history can only resort to abstract human nature, or the so-called "overlapping consensus". From the perspective of political practice, taking abstract individuals as the main body of historical activities, no matter how grandiose, must ultimately safeguard the rule of a few special individuals. Second, to establish the people’s historical subject status, we must break through the wrong cognition that the people are the aggregate of individuals and the interests of the people are the sum of individual interests, and clarify the scientific nature of the people as the organic subject of historical activities. With the people as the main body, history has objective laws to follow, and it is possible to understand and master historical laws. It can be said that the opposition between historical materialism and historical idealism is fundamentally the opposition between two historical subjects; Historical materialism is the people’s historical view, while all kinds of idealistic historical views are ultimately personal historical views.

　　To establish the people’s historical dominant position, we must solve the difficult problem of how people create history. Interest is the motive force of historical activities, and the theory of individual subjectivity and the theory of people subjectivity rely on individual interests and universal interests respectively. Therefore, the key to solving the problem of people creating history is to clarify the reality of universal interests. Marx’s discovery boils down to pointing out that in a society where class interests are antagonistic, the only possible realistic form of universal interests of mankind is the class interests of the revolutionary class. His research shows that history, especially the history of the French Revolution, shows that the class interests of any class that tries to lead the revolution must be consistent with the actual universal interests of mankind in one way or another. As a liberator, "this class is as close as brothers to the whole society, merges with the whole society and is regarded as and regarded as the general representative of society;" At this moment, the demands and rights of this class have really become the rights and requirements of society itself, and it is really the mind and heart of society. " (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1995, pp. 12-13) Therefore, the people and their interests are always represented by the advanced revolutionary class. The only difference is that the revolutionary class, as the exploiting class, represents the people temporarily, and only the proletariat can represent the general interests of mankind permanently, so it is the only social force that can break through the narrow personal relationship of capitalism.

　　It can be seen that the people in Marx’s vision are not a collection of individuals, but an organic whole with the advanced class as the core, the working masses as the foundation and all groups and individuals that conform to historical development as the extension. Only from the law of the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production, from the class relations and class struggles can we understand the people’s subject, which contains most individuals but cannot be attributed to individuals, and represents the fundamental interests of most individuals but cannot be reduced to personal interests. Establishing the people’s historical dominant position and realizing the real liberation of mankind through the proletarian liberation movement are the roots of Marxism’s powerful truth power.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s mission today is not only to seek happiness for the people of China and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also to seek peaceful development for the people of the world. Not only committed to China’s own development, but also stressed the responsibility and contribution to the world; Not only for the people of China, but also for the people of the world. This pursuit of closely linking the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation not only with the great prospect of communism, but also with the development of China and the world fully shows that the Communist Party of China (CPC) people with firm communist ideals and beliefs have put an end to sectarian sentiment and narrow nationalism from the "initial heart" and are doomed to keep forging ahead along the road of human civilization. The Communist Party of China (CPC) not only has no personal interests of one party, but also has no personal interests of one country. It is a great political party with a real foothold in China and an open mind to the world. This lofty purpose and mission is not only a source of strength for us to struggle endlessly, but also a strong support for our strategic determination to firmly believe in the justice of our cause.

　　Taking the people as the center is the practical basis of the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought with strong cohesion in the new era. The ruling concept of putting the people in the highest position, the people-centered development concept, the system design of adhering to the people’s dominant position, and taking the people’s longing for a better life as the goal of struggle have effectively ensured that all the people are United and United. In the specific implementation of the policy, while taking into account the interests of all people, we should focus on solving the production and life of people in need, and eliminate all the poor people by 2020 through precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation; Give prominence to solving the most direct and realistic interests that people are most concerned about, and continue to make new progress in learning to teach, earning income from labor, getting medical care, providing for the elderly and living; Give full play to the advantages of socialism to concentrate on doing great things, forge the heavy weapon of the country, and resolutely and effectively safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests; Wait a minute. It fully embodies the persistence and innovation of this thought to the essence of Marxism.

　　Adhering to the people-centered development thought, we are embarking on a road to a strong country that breaks the logic of "national power must dominate". The characteristic of this development thinking is to regard the development of other countries as their own opportunities, turn their own development into opportunities of other countries, and achieve a win-win situation in mutually beneficial cooperation. The key to realizing this development thinking lies in not seeking hegemony, not being self-centered, not being paranoid about one’s own selfish interests, and not trying to enjoy the success. People in China know very well that nothing can fall in the sky, and all happiness in the world must be created by hard work. This is how the great changes and turning points in history happened. With its own continuous development and growth, China’s influence and appeal to the world are also increasing. "Twenty years ago or even 15 years ago, the main driver of economic globalization was the United States and other western countries. Today, we are considered to be the biggest standard-bearer in the world to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and actively fight against all kinds of protectionism in western countries. This shows that as long as we actively conform to the world development trend, we can not only develop ourselves, but also lead the world development trend. " (The Supreme Leader’s Talks on Governing the Country, Volume 2, foreign languages press, 2017, p. 212) China’s return to the center of the world stage is not only a major event that reflects the world trend of peaceful development, but also further strengthens the irreversible trend of peaceful development.

　　Third, the scientific attitude of unswervingly pursuing truth and the theoretical character of being brave in self-revolution are the source of life for Marxism to remain young forever, and are also the necessary conditions for upholding and developing Marxism.

　　The reason why Marxism can innovate constantly and keep its vitality forever lies in its theoretical character of self-revolution. At the beginning of the creation of his own thoughts, Marx proposed to embody the spirit of thorough criticism. "That is to say, this kind of criticism is not afraid of its own conclusions, nor is it afraid of conflicts with existing forces." (Collected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 10, People’s Publishing House, 2009, page 7) This is the concentrated expression of Marxist scientific attitude. As we all know, Marx always made necessary revisions to his thoughts and works according to the development of practice, including the revision of the communist party Declaration according to the experience of the Paris Commune Revolution and the latest achievements in ancient social research. History has proved that "Marxism–Leninism did not end the truth, but constantly opened up the road to know the truth in practice." (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 1991).

　　The theoretical character of Marxism is closely related to the historical mission of the working class. Why is the proletarian revolution the only way for the proletariat to complete its historical mission? In Marx’s view, "the revolution is necessary not only because there is no other way to overthrow the ruling class, but also because the class that overthrew the ruling class can only throw away all the old and dirty things on itself in the revolution and be competent for the work of rebuilding society." (Collected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 1, People’s Publishing House, 2009, p. 543) While transforming the objective world, it has become the basic follow of the working class and its political parties. This has also formed a scientific attitude of Marxist believers towards Marxism, that is, they firmly believe that the basic principles of Marxism are correct and will not be outdated; At the same time, we firmly believe that Marxism should develop with the development of practice, times and science. This scientific attitude is the theoretical source for Marxist political parties to maintain their purity and advanced nature, and ensures that they will always stand at the forefront of the times in the revolutionary practice with changeable situations and tortuous roads.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) believed in Marxism because China’s advanced elements saw the way to solve the China problem from Marxism–Leninism’s scientific truth. This determines the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s scientific attitude towards Marxism, that is, insisting on solving the China issue with Marxism, closely combining the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and the characteristics of the times, and constantly pushing forward the China of Marxism. This has also fundamentally established the internal unity of scientific belief and scientific theory, laid firm ideals and beliefs on the arms of scientific theory, and laid a foundation for remembering the mission in the practical practice of completing the mission. From the world view, it is to solve the unity of faith and science, and the unity of value and truth. The justice of our cause comes from science, which is not only a vision for a better future, but also a grasp of the objective laws of history; Our top-level design should not only have historical and realistic basis, but also be supported by scientific theory; Strengthening the party’s leadership in an all-round way not only has historical experience and practical needs, but also has the support of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism world outlook.

　　To realize the ideal and complete the mission, we must have a strong will, so we must consciously shape the revolutionary spirit. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s self-revolutionary spirit is summarized by the supreme leader as "taking the exam" on the road forever. We ask the whole party not to forget that the times are the authors, we are the respondents, and the people are the reviewers. How well we have done and whether we are competent or not is not up to ourselves, but is judged by the people and declared by history. This kind of judgment is not only severe, but also constantly updated. Only when we are soberly aware that yesterday’s success does not mean that we can succeed forever in the future, and that the glory of the past does not mean that the future can be brilliant forever, can we maintain the revolutionary spirit forever.

　　This spirit of self-revolution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people is mainly manifested in the organic unity of leading the people to carry out the great social revolution and the great project of party building that is brave in self-revolution, and insisting on promoting the great social revolution led by the party with the party’s self-revolution. The reason why our Party has a powerful motive force for self-revolution, which is unmatched by any other political party, historical group and sage elite, is because this motive force does not come from abstract moral laws or moral personality, but from the objective needs of all kinds of difficulties and hardships that must be overcome in carrying out the great social revolution, and from the inherent needs of the character that the Party must have to lead the people to realize the great social revolution. Standing at the historical commanding heights of the development of human society, we will not be intoxicated by the immediate success, nor will we turn around because of various risk challenges; Inheriting and developing China’s excellent traditional culture for more than 5,000 years, and shouldering the high hopes of the people of China and the Chinese nation, we will have invincible strength and an inexhaustible source of innovation.

　　(Author: Distinguished Professor of China Academy of Social Sciences, President of China Historical Materialism Society)

Text/zero degree

Product/node finance

The annual 3.15 party is about to begin. From 1983, it came out as "International Consumer Rights Day", and March 15th is nearly forty years old.

Earlier, former US President John F. Kennedy put forward four rights of consumers in the "Special Presidential Address on Protecting Consumers’ Interests": the right to security; Have the right to obtain correct information; Have the right to choose freely; Have the right to put forward consumer opinions. In the following years, these four articles have become the consensus of the international community.

So how is the protection of consumer rights? From the exposure of the annual 3.15 party, infringement also presents certain characteristics: traditional infringement is being paid attention to, but emerging infringement methods are emerging one after another, and the infringement industry is also expanding. But to be fair, this is not to say that the tort capacity has also "progressed" with GDP. It is very likely that, first, with the progress of society, consumers pay more and more attention to self-protection and their legal awareness is awakening; Secondly, there are more and more actions of trade associations.

The industry I want to talk to everyone today is cosmetics. Although cosmetics do not seem to be the "darling" of the 3.15 parties over the years, it does not mean that beauty cosmetics are absent from 3.15. In fact, influenced by the "face value economy", "consumption upgrade" and the awakening of self-awareness, cosmetics have gradually changed from optional consumption to compulsory consumption, the market scale has been expanded again and again, and infringement acts are also varied, not only in the well-known high-incidence areas of quality problems, but also in a laundry list of other hidden infringements. Today, I will take you to take stock.

We made a statistic. In recent years, the number of cosmetics manufacturers has grown steadily, from 4,216 in 2014 to 5,657 in the first half of 2021, and the annual growth rate of enterprises is basically within 10%. The steepness of the year-on-year growth curve of the amount involved and the investigation of cosmetics cases is far better than that of cosmetics production enterprises. Infringement, or the degree of infringement discovered, is deeper. By 2020, supervisory organizations at all levels will investigate and deal with 14,316 cosmetic cases, involving 204 million yuan.

A good phenomenon is that after 2018, the growth rate of the two curves decreased significantly, and it was negative in 2019, but there are signs of recovery in the near future. For example, in the first half of 2021, the number of cosmetic cases investigated by supervisory agencies at all levels reached 9,779.

So what are the "ghosts and monsters" in the cosmetics industry? Let’s look at the four rights.

/ 01 /

"Have the right to security"

There are many kinds of composition problems, and the moon in any country is not so round.

One of the unavoidable effects of cosmetics is whitening, and hormones and lead and mercury have immediate "skin rejuvenation and whitening" effects. But its long-term use is very harmful. The ingredients with low cost and high immediate effect have become the choice of many businesses.

In the general cognition of consumers, domestic skin care products are relatively low in price, poor in quality and function, especially the products produced by some small workshops, which tarnish the image of domestic cosmetics. Of course, this is not without reason. For example, some famous brands, such as Nature Hall and herborist, which are common in public view, have been pointed out to contain hormones.

Do you think this is just a relatively cheap unique behavior of domestic skin care products? No, as early as 3.15 years ago, there were many international first-line brands on the list of unqualified cosmetics, such as SKII, L ‘Oreal and Mary Kay containing hormones. The contents of lead and mercury in Shiseido’s skin lotion, Clinique’s firming essence and Nivea’s beauty-repairing day cream are seriously exceeding the standard; Lancome, Chanel, Estee Lauder and Y.S.L also have cancer-causing lipsticks.

There are many kinds of international brands that contain harmful substances. Do you dare to believe that the expensive French Lancome and Chanel contain animal oil refined from rotting animal carcasses? Maybelline foundation everywhere contains 16 times more lead and 20,000 times more mercury? Korean THEFACESHOP Toner is only worth 3 yuan money?

After the exposure in 2015, it is obvious that these enterprises have also carried out rectification, but there are still more or less new problems. For example, in November last year, some products of Shiseido and New Zealand Mystery were exposed to unqualified cosmetics sampling inspection; Last September, two cosmetics produced or imported by Shantou L ‘Oreal Cosmetics Co., Ltd. also showed unqualified.

Image source: National Medical Products Administration

These negative events have obviously affected consumers’ minds to a certain extent. Baidu, Xiaohongshu, Zhihu and other platforms can show that many consumers continue to pay attention to these harmful substances, and it is common to ask whether the content of certain products exceeds the standard.

According to our statistics, the gross profit margin of L ‘Oré al (OR.PA) and Shiseido (SSDOY.OO) is stable at over 74% all the year round, with low cost, which is a profitable business.

Small workshops and brands may also use "poverty" to prevaricate. Although they have chosen a wrong path, they can still use "youth and ignorance" to gain understanding. However, such as L ‘Oré al and Shiseido, such high-margin businesses and wealthy enterprises, can still do things that are shameful to consumers with good reputation. It can only be said that they have not enough sense of social responsibility and have stayed in the comfort zone for a long time, trying to self-destruct their future.

/ 02 /

"The right to obtain correct information"

Wechat business’s exaggerated goods and false propaganda have been repeatedly banned.

With the intensive introduction of laws and regulations in China’s cosmetics industry, many problems have also been exposed in this industry, and false information has been repeatedly banned. From Taobao, some shocking propaganda will surface, and the data maps such as a white wash, a surge in hair volume in three days, and a three-day eye bag removal are ridiculous. I’m afraid similar products are not scientifically developed, but "one-click beauty".

Image source: an e-commerce platform

With the development of mobile Internet and the continuous innovation of business model, there are more and more brands in Wechat business, and there are various illegal behaviors. For example, Zhang Ting, the "goddess of Wechat business", and the makeup brand "TST Court Secret" operated by Lin Ruiyang, with the popularity of the founder’s entertainment circle, Ming Dow, Tao Hong and other stars as their platforms, Wechat business represented over 10 million at its peak.

In addition to being suspected of pyramid selling, TST has also been caught in a storm for many times due to quality problems. In 2016, Weibo named "Happy Zhou Yaya" said that after three months of continuous use of TST products, the face skin was rough, peeling, blushing and yellow eyes could not be opened ",and TST evaded the past with" skin detoxification ". Zhang Ting also said that TST facial mask is in compliance with laws and regulations, and the three certificates are complete … However, in 2015-2016, dozens of products, such as TST anti-aging series and edelweiss series, were ordered to correct by the Food and Drug Administration.

Look at TST’s slogan "The Royal Brand of Zhang Ting, the Queen of Frozen Age". The "Queen of Frozen Age" may be true, but let’s just imagine that it is known that the 100-yuan mask, which costs only 4 yuan, will be used by female stars who cherish their faces like gold and spend money like dirt, and will be used for many years? Not to mention the 360-degree effect of "purifying skin surface, hydrating and moisturizing, firming and elastic, smoothing fine lines and brightening skin tone" is somewhat true.

Coincidentally, Zhang Ting is not the only one. Driven by money and new business models, more and more stars have embarked on this road, bringing some products that they can’t use, but boasting how easy it is to use; Or simply make a new brand yourself and go to PUA consumers with star aura and beauty influence. How much of the information involved is true?

Although many Wechat business brands are mostly made in China, it does not mean that foreign brands do not infringe on consumers’ right to obtain correct information. For example, in June 2019, an advertisement declared that a French cosmetics brand such as "8 days skin is like a new life", "the favorite choice of celebrities" and "skin problems are solved together" was punished for the effect of fictional use of goods.

Sephora, Estee Lauder, Chanel, Shiseido, L ‘Oré al and other big names have also been punished for false propaganda, mainly involving the efficacy and ingredients of products, and unclear expression of parameters such as the origin and use of goods.

False propaganda and providing false information may seem to have little damage to the brand; However, the safety problems caused by false propaganda and materials and the mutual exclusion of consumers’ skin will have a great negative impact on the brand and cannot be prevented.

/ 03 /

"the right to decide freely"

When will the small workshop stop bullying and luring?

It’s the 1920s. Is there still the problem of consumption freedom? Yes For example, the problem of buying and selling hard has been repeatedly banned. In August last year, some consumers complained about Shuixi International Health Center on the complaint of black cats. In the name of experience, they invited consumers into the store to continue to promote cosmetics and smeared things on their faces. Consumers wanted to leave, and the merchants said that they had to pay to leave, but the cosmetics that consumers had no choice but to buy had no logo.

What’s more, during the period of strong buying and selling, merchants also confiscated mobile phones, as shown below. It is not a case that the appearance of "coercion and inducement" appears in an irregular organization.

Image source: Legal Consultation Center

This kind of violation of consumers’ freedom often occurs in offline and informal small and micro beauty salons, and in the name of experience, the "three noes" cosmetics made by themselves or purchased at low prices are sold. For online, with the deepening of consumer rights protection, in the past two years, as long as it is purchased through formal channels, except for special goods, there are fewer and fewer goods that do not accept returns for seven days without reason.

/ 04 /

"Have the right to put forward consumer opinions"

Praise returns are endless, and false comments mislead consumers.

As consumers continue to be valued, the channels for consumers to speak are also rising, and everything is available online and offline. If you have any opinions on consumer goods, you can go to the Quality Supervision Bureau, the Food and Drug Administration, the Consumers Association and other regulatory authorities to complain; You can go to Taobao, JD.COM and other shopping platforms to comment; You can also make comments on social media such as Little Red Book, Weibo and WeChat. In this case, will it be infringed?

Yes Consumers who often spend money on shopping websites such as Taobao and Pinduoduo should be familiar with the red envelopes with favorable comments and cash back. This behavior seems to benefit consumers, but it is also misleading new consumers by inducing buyers to make false statements.

Although Taobao’s "Taobao Evaluation Standard" was changed last year, similar behaviors were prohibited, it is obvious that similar pictures are often wrapped in our express parcels. On other platforms, there are often brand public relations to brush comments or delete articles. This is why so many whimsical cosmetic efficacy brands have received rave reviews, which is simply "voting with their feet".

/ 05 /

coda

The road to rise is difficult, and it is done and cherished.

With the continuous development of new consumption, more and more business models emerge. Cosmetics are also marketed in various ways from offline to online, from Taobao to Tik Tok, from e-commerce to live broadcast. During this period, many new brands were born, which also provided a large-scale testing ground for the rise of domestic products.

At the same time, the violation of consumers’ rights is also "self-transcendence". For example, as mentioned above, stars may bring "goods" that even they dislike, blindly overdrawing consumers’ accumulated trust in the public, and finally they can only get back. For example, brand live broadcast engages in price discrimination, deceives consumers, and disintegrates consumers’ minds accumulated over the years. From quantitative change to qualitative change, it is hard to escape the consequences.

In the case of consumer infringement, there are no foreign monks who are better at chanting scriptures and have long been dishonest, and there are many international brands who rely on the international influence accumulated over the years to do many infringing things. For example, L ‘Oré al, in addition to several problems frequently mentioned in the above article, last year’s double eleventh ampoule mask incident caused various channels to fight with each other in preferential policies, and the eloquent "maximum strength for the whole year" and refusal to refund the price difference attracted tens of thousands of consumers to complain, and for this reason, it was "honored" by CCTV.

Although at present, international brands are still international brands, the degree of trust is not the same as that of that year, and the consumed consumers’ minds are as hard as ever. International is no longer quality assurance, luxury goods only have price. As shown in the figure, the revenue growth rates of L ‘Oré al and Shiseido both showed an obvious downward trend, and both were negative in 2020.

The China market is of unparalleled importance to many overseas manufacturers, and many manufacturers have benefited from the China market. China is currently the second largest market of L ‘Oré al Group in the world, and according to L ‘Oré al’s own estimation, it is only a matter of time before China grows into the first market.

For such an important China market, overseas manufacturers have not shown "exceptional treasure". With cultural self-confidence, the rising local cosmetics brands should not give overseas manufacturers more opportunities. In addition, domestic cosmetics have inherent advantages in controlling and responding to emerging consumption forms and adapting channels. It seems that overseas manufacturers are "returning" their rights to domestic products step by step.

After years of development, domestic cosmetics are indeed on the rise, and Polaiya and Hua Xizi have also gained a place. However, the rise of domestic products is not smooth. In the past, it was necessary to break down the moat of strong enemies with the poor trust of consumers who had experienced the era of "fake and shoddy" products in domestic products; Now, excellent domestic products have to bear the consequences of being destroyed by some unscrupulous merchants. Difficulties and obstacles, never absent.

When the tide of this country rises in the great era, there is already a cosmetics industry with high gross profit. It should assume more social responsibilities, pay attention to the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and provide high-level products and services with a high-quality development posture. Only in this way, the company can obtain the rapid development of efficiency and market value.

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