Eight changes in Spring Festival travel rush in the past 40 years of reform and opening up: from 100 million to nearly 3 billion.

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 6th Title: Eight major changes in Spring Festival travel rush in the past 40 years of reform and opening up.

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Qi Zhongxi, Fan Xi and Zhao Wenjun

  As the Spring Festival approaches, Spring Festival travel rush is getting busy. Looking back at Spring Festival travel rush since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, what great changes can we find?

  — — Change 1: from 100 million to nearly 3 billion, the scale has expanded 30 times.

  Looking through the history of Spring Festival travel rush in New China can be traced back to 1954 at the earliest. At that time, the word "Spring Festival travel rush" appeared in the media for the first time, and the relevant parties also determined the principle of "unified command and coordination by the Ministry of Railways, and when necessary, please ask the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to ask the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and the People’s Liberation Army for assistance" to do related work well.

  Spring Festival travel rush really became a social focus, but also from the beginning of reform and opening up. The spring tide of reform has enabled China’s population to move on a large scale, and the increase in income has given people spare money to travel. Migrant workers, students, visiting relatives and tourists have begun to converge in Spring Festival travel rush. In 1979, China’s Spring Festival travel rush made a historic breakthrough of 100 million person-times. "One vote is hard to find" has become the focus of Spring Festival travel rush every year since then.

  In 2018, Spring Festival travel rush is expected to send 2.98 billion passengers nationwide, which is basically the same as last year. In forty years, the size of Spring Festival travel rush has expanded 30 times.

  — — Change 2: the speed is 40 kilometers to 350 kilometers per hour, and the high-speed rail compresses the time and space distance.

  People who have experienced Spring Festival travel rush more than ten years ago or even earlier will never forget the green leather car. The carriages are full of yearning for their hometown, and also bear the hardships of the journey home, not only the crowded carriages, but also the slow speed of stop-and-go. At that time, the average speed of national railways was less than 40 kilometers per hour.

  On April 18, 2007, the first EMU train with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour started at Shanghai Station, and China entered the era of motor trains. At present, the national railway operating mileage reaches 127,000 kilometers, of which the high-speed railway with a speed of more than 250 kilometers per hour exceeds 25,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.

  Nowadays, there are more and more "Fuxing" high-speed emus with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The distance from Beijing to Shanghai is about 1300 kilometers. It took almost one day and one night decades ago, but now it takes more than four hours at the earliest. High-speed rail greatly compresses the distance between time and space.

  In 2018, with the addition of 3,038 kilometers of new high-speed rail to Spring Festival travel rush, the total number of railway passengers will increase by at least 30 million, of which about 60% will travel by high-speed rail.

  — — Change 3: From "small window" to "big data", subverting the way of purchasing tickets.

  "Buying tickets" has been an eternal theme in Spring Festival travel rush for decades. But how to buy a ticket has been very different these years.

  Huang Xin, deputy director of the Passenger Transport Department of China Railway Corporation, used to work in Guangzhou Railway Group, and began to engage in passenger transport services in Spring Festival travel rush more than 20 years ago. According to his memory, at that time, the dense queues in front of Guangzhou station could throw out a few kilometers away. At night, people lay on the floor in front of the ticket window with bedrolls and lined up all night.

  Nowadays, with the popularity of the Internet and the development and use of the new generation railway ticket system, people can buy tickets by "moving their fingertips" through the Internet.

  "In 12306, the daily average page views reached 55.67 billion times, the page views reached 81.34 billion times at the peak, and the maximum number of hits in one hour was nearly 6 billion times, with an average of about 1.65 million times per second. The processing capacity reaches 15 million sheets per day. " Zhu Jiansheng, deputy director of Institute of Electronics, Academy of Iron Sciences, said.

  At present, the Internet, including mobile APP, accounts for more than 60% of the total ticket sales, and more than 80% in big cities.

  — — Change 4: From "battlefield" to "airport", the waiting environment is very different.

  "Just like fighting, I can’t go home at the station for dozens of days. I divert people in the station square and waiting room every day for fear of an accident." Whenever Spring Festival travel rush was mentioned, Yao Hongren, the retired former deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing West Railway Station, still has a lingering fear.

  Huang Xin recalled the "thrilling scene" of that year and said that at that time, the station and waiting room were all full of people, and the dense heads looked scary. People are like the tide. After the tide recedes, the waiting square is full of squeezed shoes.

  "When I arrive in Spring Festival travel rush, I am most afraid that the people gathered in the station can’t walk every day, and there is an accident like trampling, and I am scared every day." Huang Xin said.

  In those days, the railway station in Spring Festival travel rush was like a "battlefield", which makes it hard for people who are used to high-speed trains to imagine. Today’s high-speed rail station is not much different from the airport. More people like to calculate the time to arrive at the station, print their tickets by electronic equipment, and then visit the shopping malls inside to buy some special products, or sit down for a cup of coffee.

  — — Change 5: From "starvation" to "online ordering", "internet plus" got on the train.

  "You can still eat hot and authentic braised pork on the train. I really didn’t dare to think about it before!" During his stay in Spring Festival travel rush, Mr. Chang, who lives in Baotou, said cheerfully in the dining car of the Z315 train from Beijing to Hohhot.

  This year in Spring Festival travel rush, Hohhot Railway Bureau Group took the lead in offering "Chinese fast food" reservation and delivery service on Z315/6 and Z317/8 trains for different levels of demand, so that passengers can enjoy the Spring Festival travel rush on the tip of their tongue.

  Eating by train is a big problem. In the past, it was not easy to get on the green leather car, so it was a luxury to eat hot meals and dishes on the car. With the gradual improvement of the ride environment, people can eat the box lunch provided by the train, and more people choose to bring their own dry food.

  According to the memories of some retired railway conductors, everything was brought at that time, including pancakes, green onions and lunch boxes. Later, more and more people brought bread, sausages and instant noodles, and even roast chicken beer was brought when conditions were better. There is a dining car on the train, and there is a box lunch delivered by a trolley. The cheapest box lunch on each train always sells the fastest.

  Now, there are more and more bento boxes on the train, ranging from 15 yuan to seventy or eighty yuan. Since last summer, the railway has launched the Internet ordering service for EMU trains, which has enriched people’s dining on high-speed trains: not only fast food such as KFC and Kung Fu, but also local specialties such as beef noodles, lion’s head and salted duck.

  — — Change 6: From "going around" to "extending in all directions", the road home is easier.

  In people’s memory, Spring Festival travel rush is always closely linked with railway trains. In fact, Spring Festival travel rush’s road trip is the "big head". Of the nearly 3 billion passengers this year, less than 400 million were transported by rail, and more than 80% went home by road.

  Because of the highway, we don’t have to take a tractor or even a carriage, but drive a car and get on a bus; Because of the bridge, we don’t have to take a small ferry anymore; Because of the tunnel, we don’t have to go around in the mountains anymore … … Nowadays, the road network extending in all directions makes the road home easier, faster and safer.

  In the early days of reform and opening up, the highway density per 100 square kilometers in China was only 9.1 kilometers. Now, this figure has expanded more than five times, reaching 48.92 kilometers per 100 square kilometers.

  China’s expressways didn’t start construction until the 1980s. In 1988, the Shanghai-Jiading Expressway was opened to traffic, marking a zero breakthrough in China’s expressways. In 1999, China’s expressway mileage exceeded 10,000 kilometers, and last year it reached 136,000 kilometers. The expressway has covered 97% of the cities and prefecture-level administrative centers with a population of more than 200,000.

  — — Change 7: From "pots and pans" to "express delivery", the less luggage, the easier it is.

  No matter how you go home, always take your luggage. Over the years, people’s luggage has also changed a lot.

  Ten years back, in railway stations and long-distance bus stations, the kind of "you carry the burden, I hold the child, bring all the pots and pans and bedrolls, and there is a small home in the luggage" is everywhere. People who go home from work bring as many new year’s goods as possible, as well as daily necessities that they can’t bear to throw away.

  Nowadays, in Spring Festival travel rush, the burden on people’s shoulders is getting lighter and lighter, and the steps are not as heavy as before. Less luggage, on the one hand, shows that life is better, and the gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed. What used to be only available in the city is now available in the countryside. On the other hand, the booming e-commerce has acted as a "porter" for new year’s goods.

  According to the person in charge of the Market Supervision and Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Post Bureau, more and more people are shopping online for the Spring Festival in advance, and people have not arrived yet. During my stay in Spring Festival travel rush last year, more than 100 million parcels were on the road every day, of which more than 60% were new year’s goods.

  — — Change 8: From "going home" to "traveling", Spring Festival travel rush is all over the world.

  As the old saying goes, "If you have money, go home for the New Year". No matter how hard the journey is, you must go back to your hometown and parents for the New Year. In recent years, it has become fashionable to take family members out to travel for the New Year. Northerners go south to "warm up", southerners go north to "cat winter", and even more and more families travel abroad.

  During the Spring Festival of 2017, the country received a total of 344 million tourists, a year-on-year increase of 13.8%. This year, this figure is only a lot more.

  According to Ctrip’s travel forecast, the Spring Festival in 2018 will be the "hottest" Spring Festival in history, with more than 6 million outbound tourists, more than 100 departure cities, more than 60 countries and 280 destinations around the world, and the farthest to the South Pole.

Congressman Han boarded the disputed island of Korea and Japan, and South Korea and Japan "pinched each other" to upgrade.

Cctv newsThe dispute between Japan and South Korea has been escalating recently. On August 31st, South Korean parliamentarians "organized a group" to board Dokdo, a just island of Japan and South Korea, which triggered a strong protest from Japan, and Japanese parliamentarians even threatened to "seize the island through war".

Korean media: Senator Han "organized a group" to go to the island to protest Japan’s export control to South Korea.

According to Yonhap News Agency’s report, on August 31st, six members of parliament from the ruling and opposition parties of South Korea boarded the disputed island "Dokdo" between Japan and South Korea (called Zhudao in Japan) to inspect the South Korean garrison stationed on the island and the facilities on the island. Regarding the purpose of landing on the island, some members said that the move was a protest against Japan’s strengthening of export control to South Korea and asked the Japanese government to solve the labor problem in World War II.

Japanese Rep. Maruyama Suigao posted a message on Twitter.

Han Jun held the largest defense exercise in history on disputed islands in Japan and South Korea.

Dokdo, also known as "Bamboo Island" in Japan, is located in the eastern waters of the Korean Peninsula. All along, Japan and South Korea have claimed sovereignty over the island, which is actually controlled by South Korea. Japan’s Kyodo News reported that in the context of the trade dispute between Japan and South Korea, the confrontation between the two sides around the disputed islands is intensifying.

On August 25-26, the Korean army held the largest "Dokdo Defense Exercise" in its eastern waters. Yonhap News Agency quoted military sources as saying that this year’s participation in the military not only nearly doubled compared with previous years, but also dispatched the 7,600-ton Aegis destroyer "King Sejong" for the first time, demonstrating South Korea’s determination to defend the island in three dimensions by land, sea and air. In this regard, the Japanese side expressed great dissatisfaction.

Korean media: Han Jun’s rare exposure exercise screen "maximum pressure on Japan"

According to the report, since 1986, South Korea has held two defense exercises in Dokdo every year. Different from the low-key practice of Dokdo exercises in the past, this year, the Korean army rarely disclosed photos and video materials of the exercises, with the aim of "maximizing the pressure on Japan."

Japan marks disputed territory on Tokyo Olympic map, South Korea protests

In fact, it is not just the South Korean side that exacerbates contradictions. It is reported that in the torch relay road map published on the website of Tokyo Olympic Games, Japan marked Dokdo, a disputed island between Korea and Japan, as Japanese territory, which caused strong dissatisfaction between South Korea and North Korea.

At the same time, the civil confrontation between Japan and South Korea has also intensified.

According to South Korea’s MBC TV station reported on September 1st, Japan’s CBC radio station broadcasted a talk by a Japanese scholar in a recent program: This happened in an "anti-Japanese" atmosphere created by the (Korean) president and politicians. When a Korean woman comes to Japan, Japanese men should also beat her up.

Korean media said that this was a retaliatory remark against a Japanese woman who was attacked in South Korea. Previously, a video of Japanese women being subjected to violence in Korea was widely spread on the Internet in Japan and South Korea.

In the video, a Korean man accosted a Japanese woman. After being rejected, the man first insulted the woman, then grabbed the woman’s hair and pushed it to the ground. The Japanese people are worried that the violence may be related to the strong "anti-Japanese" sentiment in South Korea.

So how did Japan-ROK relations deteriorate step by step?

On July 4th, the Japanese government announced that it would strengthen control over three kinds of raw materials for semiconductor industry exported to South Korea. At that time, Japan said that the reason for taking control measures was that South Korea had problems in export management. The South Korean side accused that Japan’s move was "economic retaliation" for the South Korean Supreme Court’s decision to award Japanese companies compensation for forced labor.

On August 2, the Japanese government passed an amendment to the Regulations on Export Trade Management at the cabinet meeting, excluding South Korea from the "white list countries" enjoying preferential export management. The so-called "white list countries" are friendly countries recognized by Japan in terms of national security, and these countries are given preferential measures to simplify export procedures in exporting important strategic technologies and materials. In the afternoon, South Korean Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance Hong Nanji responded, "We also took Japan from ‘ White list country ’ Eliminate it. "

On August 23, the South Korean government announced the abolition of the South Korea-Japan Military Intelligence Protection Agreement, and the dispute between Japan and South Korea escalated.

According to Yonhap News Agency, with the escalating dispute between Japan and South Korea, Lee Tae-ho, the second official of South Korea’s Foreign Ministry, met with Kenhe Suzuki, the Administrative Officer of Japan’s Foreign Minister, in Seoul on September 1st. Both sides still held their own positions on the current issues, but they believed that communication and coordination between diplomatic departments should be maintained in order to resolve the current dispute between South Korea and Japan and develop the relations between South Korea and Japan steadily.

China Economic Semi-annual Report | Short-term export credit insurance supports 140,000 small and medium-sized enterprises.

  CCTV News:China Export Credit Insurance Corporation is a policy insurance company aiming at encouraging exports in China. Since the beginning of this year, in the face of the extremely complicated international environment and unexpected domestic epidemic, China Xinbao has fully played a policy role in export protection, service and joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and risk prevention and control. In the first half of the year, the underwriting amount exceeded US$ 445 billion.

  According to reports, in the first half of this year, China Xinbao realized an underwriting amount of 445.13 billion US dollars, an increase of 11.8% year-on-year; Paid compensation of 730 million US dollars, up 17.0% year-on-year; Support exports and investments to countries along the "Belt and Road" of 95.12 billion US dollars, up 13% year-on-year; The amount covered by export credit insurance accounts for 21.8% of China’s total exports.

  In terms of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, in the first half of the year, short-term export credit insurance supported 140,000 small and medium-sized enterprises, with an underwriting amount of US$ 104 billion, an increase of 8.4% year-on-year.

  In terms of ensuring the stable and smooth supply chain of industrial chain, in the first six months of this year, China Xinbao supported the export of seven key industrial chains, including electronic information, household appliances, vehicle construction machinery, biomedicine, new energy, textiles and clothing and modern agriculture, with a year-on-year increase of 12.7%.

Beijing strengthens the heating guarantee during the Spring Festival. In case of snowfall, it will heat up in time.

  Near the Spring Festival, in order to do a good job in the heating guarantee during the Spring Festival, the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee requires all districts to urge the heating units within their jurisdiction to implement various measures in advance, and in case of snowfall, they should warm up in time, strengthen the care and protection for the groups with special difficulties, and ensure that the people are warm for the winter and the holidays.

  In terms of heating operation guarantee, the Municipal Urban Management Committee requires that in case of snowfall, it should be heated up in time, and continue to pay attention to online room temperature data, rationally adjust the operation plan, and strictly observe the red line of safety restrictions; Strengthen the inspection of heating pipeline facilities, strengthen the protection measures for weak links, and arrange special personnel to keep an eye on key areas to ensure the safe and stable operation of heating. At the same time, strictly implement the 24-hour duty system to ensure smooth communication and information channels; Strengthen the emergency support pre-standby, complete the support materials and equipment in advance, and the emergency rescue team will always be in an emergency state to ensure the first response to emergencies.

  In terms of safety production, the city will strictly guard against all kinds of potential risks during the Spring Festival and implement various safety control measures in detail; Do a good job in various special rectifications such as operational safety and fire hazards, implement cold, freezing and windproof measures, and strengthen safety supervision in all links; Further strengthen employee safety education and training, and improve risk prevention awareness and ability.

  In order to improve the quality of heating service, during the Spring Festival, Beijing will continue to do a good job of receiving complaints and solving people’s heating demands in a timely manner; Adhere to the problem-oriented, take timely targeted measures, and strive to achieve non-litigation first; Strengthen territorial docking, actively carry out the activities of "visiting people to ask for warmth", strengthen care and protection for groups with special difficulties, and fully protect the temperature of people’s livelihood.

  In addition, if there are problems such as leakage of heating facilities and equipment, the public can call the heating unit for maintenance service at the first time, and the heating unit will contact the public for home maintenance as soon as it receives the repair report. The public can also call the 96069 city-wide heating service supervision telephone or report the heating problem through the 96069 WeChat terminal-"Beijing Thermal Customer Service" WeChat WeChat official account.

American geologists warn: new york is sinking year by year under the weight of buildings and faces serious flood threat.

Wechat screenshot _20230518104019.png

  New york USA.

  Overseas Network May 18thAccording to the New York Post website reported on May 17, a new geological research report in the United States shows that new york is facing a serious problem of ground subsidence, and the weight of millions of skyscrapers in the city is causing it to sink into the surrounding water.

  According to the research, there are more than one million skyscrapers in new york, which causes the city to sink at the rate of 1-2 mm per year, and the sinking speed is even faster in some areas. Among them, the risk of sinking in lower Manhattan is very serious, and the situation in Brooklyn and Queens is equally worrying.

  Geologist Tom Parsons, chief researcher of USGS, said that the subsidence of the ground made new york extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. Parsons’ team wrote in the research report: "The Atlantic coast of North America faces the threat of rising sea level, and its threat level is three to four times that of the global average; Among them, new york City faces a serious threat of flood disasters, resulting in 8.4 million people facing different degrees of flood hazards. "

  The report also mentioned that new york City has been affected by the ground subsidence since more than ten years ago, and two hurricanes swept through new york in ten years, causing serious damage and casualties. Parsons is worried that many building structures in new york may be eroded by seawater in the future, and said that the probability of high-intensity hurricanes hitting new york will increase in the next few decades. (Overseas Network/Zhang Ni Internship Compilation/Coconut Willow)

A Hundred Years’ History of Wuxi Local Architecture "Hezhuang Muxing"

  The Grand Canal bears a long history and culture, and it is of great significance to explore and study the historical relics along the canal and the profound accumulation of it for the protection and inheritance of the canal culture.

  From the perspective of Wuxi local architecture, the author tells the story of "Hezhuang Muxing" in the past century. "Hezhuang Muxing" is a historical proof that the Grand Canal has promoted the economic development of people’s livelihood in Wuxi water town, and calls for the protection of this unique and scarce heritage of the Grand Canal.

  Brief introduction of the author

  Yang Jingming, male, from Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, lives in Hezhuang Muxing. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University, senior engineer of mechanical power engineering, researcher of Wuxi Celebrity Culture Research Institute.

  one

  Canal historical sites — — "Former site of Hezhuang Muhang"

  Between the modern high-rise buildings of Taihu New Town in Wuxi, next to the intersection of Wudu Road and Lihu Avenue, there is a water town courtyard with distinctive white walls and tiles hidden in the shade, with patchwork horse head walls, fine plastic carvings of the door head, rhombic floor-to-ceiling windows, pillow water old buildings and wooden pavilions. This is the former site of the first rural wooden walk "Hezhuang Wooden Walk" in Wuxi and Jingui County. Villagers often come here, remembering the flowing Shanxi River, recalling the former farming countryside, and telling the story of the canal love and the past of the water town in Muxing.

  The historical site of "Hezhuang Muxing" is included in Wuxi Literature and History Materials and Xuelang Local History. In August 2008, Wuxi Municipal People’s Government announced "Hezhuang Muhang" as the first batch of local protected buildings. In the third national cultural relics survey, "Hezhuang Muxing" was selected as "New Discovery" in the cultural relics survey of Jiangsu Province. In September 2016, the Wuxi Municipal People’s Government announced that the "Hezhuang Muxing former site" was a cultural relic protection unit in Wuxi.

  "Hezhuang Muxing" is located in Hezhuang Village, Shanxi River, Changguangxi River in Sinan area of Taihu Lake, which belongs to Kaihua Township, Wuxi County. According to the historical records of "Xishan Yang’s Genealogy" collected in Daonan Temple, "There are people who are famous for their rivers and villages 30 miles south of Xicheng, in which the dangerous mountains are stacked around the east and west, and the waves in the meandering layer are reflected on the left and right, and the Zhong Ling Yuxiu generation is surprising". Here, "the water around Shitang in the west and the peak of snow waves in the south", the natural environment of Jiangnan water town is very beautiful. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the ninth grandson of Mr. Yang Shi, the ancestor of Yang in Xishan and the founder of Donglin Academy, "moved here because of the victory of landscape". In the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1862), the 26th Sun Yangqing Bridge established the first country wooden shop in Wuxi and Jingui County in Hezhuang to meet the needs of building villagers’ houses and repairing boats in water towns. Taking advantage of the convenience of the river in his hometown, he cooperated with timber merchants to organize the supply of goods from Anhui and Jiangxi, and transported the raft to the Hezhuang on the bank of Shanxi River for sale by relying on the natural channel of Xin ‘anjiang River and Yangtze River to enter the Grand Canal and Changguangxi Road in Lihu Lake. Because of the continuous supply of wood, it has brought great convenience to the villagers. Shipbuilding, farmhouse construction, carpentry and furniture and farm tools manufacturing industries in neighboring areas have been established one after another, and they have expanded rapidly around the river village, which has promoted the development of regional people’s livelihood economy.

  Yang Qingqiao and "Hezhuang Muxing" became more and more famous, when children’s songs were sung:

  Fireflies, red at night, and clear bridges in Hezhuang.

  The raft docked beside the revetment, and the boat rested in the middle of the river.

  Long shoots come from several provinces, and new houses are built all over Nansanxiang.

  There are wooden guests in Huizhou, and the wood business is really prosperous.

  The name of the new (clear) bridge in Hezhuang also started from this.

▲ Geographical location map of "Hezhuang Muxing"

  "Hezhuang Muxing" is distributed on both sides of Shanxi River, standing beside the pillow river, with ancient bridges connected and cross-shaped river banks. Hexi is a shop and a house, with chairs along the river; Hedong is the shore boat (material storage) and workshop, and the east of the shore boat is Yang’s Ancestral Hall. Rafts stretch for miles on both sides of the Shanxi River and in the surrounding buckets. Stone revetments are built on both sides of the river at this site, and there is a boat dock next to the original stone bridge corridor shed, which is the main waterway transportation route for Sinan villagers to enter the city.

▲ Old landscape of Hezhuang Muxing on both sides of Shanxi River.

  "Hezhuang Muxing" is a typical residential building in Jiangnan water town in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The shop is a two-story building facing east, and the bottom floor is a door-plank pavement, old-fashioned accounting room and cabinet plate. The residence faces south, with plastic carved doors, floor-to-ceiling windows, patios and courtyards, and halls and side compartments. The wooden structure is in the shape of a convex olive, which is commonly called "Yuanbao" by Wuxi people, which means good luck and prosperity and has strong local characteristics. After the restoration of the old site, only the west bank houses and shops of Muhang were left, and a section of water features was rebuilt next to the old site. Cultural protection experts pointed out: "Muxing" is a unique and scarce type of cultural protection remains, which is very precious. It is not easy to protect the old site of Hezhuang Muxing.

  "Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for a hundred years, and it was deeply marked by the canal from every stage of its establishment, inheritance and development. In the later period, it directly opened its business on the south gate ancient canal, struggled against the national disaster, liberated new students, and integrated into the socialist economic system after public-private partnership, thus completing its historical mission. "Hezhuang Muxing" is the historical evidence that the Grand Canal promotes the economic development of people’s livelihood in Wuxi. The children’s song "Huizhou has wooden guests" and "New houses have been built all over Nansanxiang" describes the scene that Huizhou’s wooden rafts have been continuously transported to Wuxi through the canal, making Sinan’s new and civilized regions (formerly known as Nansanxiang) covered with new houses, changing rural appearance, improving people’s livelihood and developing water economy. The former site of Hezhuang Muxing is a precious carrier of canal historical sites.

▲ Old shadow of Hezhuang Muxing

  two

  The canal is long — — "Hezhuang Muxing" Centennial Love

  After the establishment of "Hezhuang Muxing", "Xishan Young" was handed down from generation to generation, and it has passed through three generations and four hosts for a hundred years, becoming a well-known wooden family in the local area. In the 1930s, Sun Yangweiqing reached his peak when he was in charge, operating in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and covering the "Southern Three Towns" in Wuxi (Xin ‘an, Kaihua and famous townships in Sinan in the old days) and hundreds of villages and towns along Taihu Lake.

▲ Hezhuang Muhang lineage table

  Wood transportation is based on water, and water transportation is the most convenient and economical method. The Grand Canal runs through the north and south, connecting water systems, lakes and dense natural rivers along the east-west direction in series, forming a waterway transportation network extending in all directions. "Hezhuang Muxing" has had an indissoluble bond with the canal since its inception. The timber sources operated by Hezhuang Muhang mainly come from Anhui and Jiangxi, and the transportation routes are closely related to the Grand Canal.

▲ Map of supply distribution and transportation path of Hezhuang Muhang.

  Cunninghamia lanceolata is usually the main variety sold by wood companies, which is suitable for building houses and making wood products. The Chinese fir operated by Hezhuang Muhang can be divided into two categories: "Ximu" and "Huishan". Ximu grows in the vast mountainous area around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, and its growth is high, and the thickness of root and tip is relatively uniform, so it is suitable for court columns in halls or wide trusses. The transport waterway connects the Yangtze River via Poyang Lake and descends along the river. The largest distribution center of Ximu is Jiujiang, followed by Wuhu, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Shanghai. Huishan grows in the vast mountainous areas in southern Anhui, especially in Shexian, Qimen, yi county, Wuyuan (now in Jiangxi Province) and Xiuning. This area used to be called Huizhou. The price of Huishan is relatively low, which is more suitable for building farmhouses. Tunxi is the main distribution center, followed by Hangzhou. Tunxi, Anhui Province is located in the upper reaches of Xin ‘an River. The confluence of Hengjiang River and Lvshui River is wide and turns around the mountain, forming a natural dock, which is an ideal place for timber parking. Therefore, the timber cut by Huizhou counties is transported here for distribution. Whenever the spring and summer flood season, it is often a gathering of Chinese fir and wood. After the business is settled, it will be tied into a raft, which will go down the river from Xin ‘an River and connect Fuchun River to Hangzhou by Qiantang River. The above sites were the main distribution centers of timber trade in Jiangnan area at that time, and they were all located along the waterway with superior water environment conditions.

  The supply of Hezhuang Muhang is mainly purchased from the above-mentioned producing areas and distribution centers, and is transported by professional freight organizations after being woven into rafts, commonly known as supporting rafts. Shangxin River in the suburb of Nanjing is located on the bank of the Yangtze River, which is a famous timber distribution market, "within a few miles, wood merchants converge". Hezhuang Muhang goes to Nanjing to buy western wood in batches every year, and the raft first goes down the Yangtze River to Zhenjiang, turns into the canal and is transported to Wuxi via Danyang and Changzhou. Most of the Huishan trees operated by Hezhuang Muhang are wholesale from Huishang Muhang in Hangzhou. Many timber distribution centers in Hangzhou are located on the banks of Qiantang River. Rafts enter the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal nearby and arrive in Wuxi via Jiaxing, Wujiang and Hushuguan.

  When the demand for wood is high, Hezhuang Muhang directly goes to Tunxi to select materials and batch goods. Hezhuang Muhang has been friends with Yishengchun and Yichanglong in Wuxi county, and Mr. Yang Weiqing went to Tunxi to purchase goods with them many times. A large number of rafts travel hundreds of kilometers from Tunxi to Wuxi, which takes several months. Although young and strong transport workers, there are as few as seven or eight people, and as many as one or twenty people. There are simple houses on rafts, and they travel by day and stay at night. There are also some bamboo and wood furniture on the raft, all of which are products of Huizhou mountain area and brought to Jiangsu and Zhejiang for sale by the way. The bamboo beds, bamboo couches, folding frustums, desks and other items used in Hezhuang Muhang are all Huizhou goods brought by rafts through the canal, which are cheap and good quality.

  Hezhuang Muhang also went to Shanghai Shiliupu and other places to buy wood in batches, mainly used for processing pine barrels of plates. The earliest timber business in Shanghai was concentrated in Dongjiadu, the southern city — South pier — Lujiabang Road, which is known as "a hundred wooden passengers in Shilichang Street", has a special dock for timber industry. There are business relations with Hezhuang Wood Company, such as Jiuji Wood Company located in Shanghai South Wharf and several old-fashioned wood firms opened in Caojiadu. The barrels purchased in Shanghai are also transported in rafts, which are transferred from Suzhou River and Wusong River in Shanghai to the canal to Wuxi, and some are shipped from Huangpu River to Hezhuang via Taihu Lake.

  Changzhou is close to the Yangtze River, and the water in the Grand Canal has a high sediment concentration, commonly known as mixed water. "Sand-mixed water is beneficial to wood conservation, which can keep the color of wood skin Huang Liang and the material unchanged." Therefore, Changzhou has also become the timber distribution and re-export market of the Canal. It is more convenient to take the canal to Luoshe to enter Wuxi, and Hezhuang Muhang often goes to Changzhou to transport timber. The son of Yang Wei ‘an, the third director of Hezhuang Muhang, once set up a business in Changzhou.

  It can be seen from the above that the timber supply of Hezhuang Muhang is transported through the Grand Canal. Whenever a raft arrives at Shitangqiao, the workers of Hezhuang Muhang are ready to receive the goods. After the arrival of the goods, the big raft was adapted into a number of small rafts suitable for docking on the river bank, "surrounding wood" and "coding", the singing of codes on the raft and the answering sound on the shore came one after another, and it was a busy scene.

  three

  Canal sentiment — — "Hezhuang Muxing" and People’s Livelihood in Water Villages

  The canal is full of history and endless water feelings. It is inextricably linked with people’s production and life with a broad mind and a way of integration and communication. The cobweb-dense rivers of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River are the veins of the Grand Canal extending to all parts of urban and rural areas. With these water networks extending in all directions, the Grand Canal has nurtured and nurtured the people along the Hui Ze, and the development of water towns has gained momentum for continuous advancement. "Hezhuang Muxing" was conceived and founded by the Grand Canal and its connected Taihu Changguang stream system environment, and also relied on the dense Jiangnan water network to serve the people’s livelihood in water towns.

  Hezhuang is located at the intersection where Changguangxi turns into Shanxi River, adjacent to the Chimazui site belonging to Majiabang culture. "Kaihua Township Records" narrates: "My city has beautiful mountains and rivers, and the western gods are charming and winding." "Civilization is a lake in the southwest. There are a lot of peaks (jí yè), and the smoke is vast. " The rivers here are densely covered, and it is a veritable "water town Zeguo". The ancestors lived on rice, wheat, silkworm and mulberry, and traveled by boat, which continued the farming and pastoral ecology for a long time.

  Since ancient times, Changguangxi has been a water shortcut from Taihu Lake to Wuxi City, and many ships have taken Shanxi River to turn into Magang Port and Liangtang River to enter the city, so boats and boats have been passing through.

  Most of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River are plain and lack of trees. Timber needed for buildings, woodwork, production tools, etc. is mainly imported from forest areas in neighboring provinces. Timber trade is a traditional project operated by Huizhou merchants, and the Grand Canal and its communicating waterways are the active places for Huizhou timber merchants. With the unique geographical advantages of Hezhuang’s waterway transportation routes, the acquaintance of Huizhou wood merchants who were operated by the Canal to Wuxi in the past, the local rural housing and boat building, the needs of people’s livelihood, and the integration of the conditions of all parties, Yang Qingqiao founded the first rural wood shop in Wuxi and Jingui County in Hezhuang in the first year of Tongzhi (AD 1862). Once opened, it was very popular with the villagers. Rafts are continuously transported from the canal waterway, providing the villagers with the needed wood for building houses, shipbuilding and repairing ships. The farmhouse construction industry, wood paving industry, furniture and farm tools manufacturing industry in the surrounding areas have been established one after another, and they have expanded rapidly around the river village. The canal has brought vitality and hope to the water town, and the establishment of "Hezhuang Muxing" has had a far-reaching impact on promoting the rural economic development in Sinan.

  When Yang Qingqiao started the "Hezhuang Muhang", it was a consignment nature. Most of the wood sources come from Huizhou forest area, and most of the wood guests are from Huizhou government in southern Anhui. They shipped the timber from the mountains, sold it in cash, and the timber company took the commission. When a batch of timber was basically sold out, the owner returned to the mountainous area of Anhui Province with the money to organize the shipment of the next batch of goods. Several wooden guests cross each other, and the business of Hezhuang Muhang keeps flowing, and its business and scale continue to expand. Later, when most of the timber was sold, the rest of the goods were purchased as the self-operated part of the wooden firm, so that Hezhuang wooden firm could continue to develop. With the expansion of the influence of "Hezhuang Muhang", "Muhangli" became the local name. The wooden arbor along the river revetment is the dock for the class boats from Nanxiang, Wuxi. In that year, every day, there were class boats going to the urban area to reach the bank of the canal, stopping at Beitang in the north gate and Huangniluang in the south gate respectively.

▲ Like Mr. Yang Yuqing

  Mr. Yang Weiqing, the fourth host of "Hezhuang Muxing", once did business in Shanghai when he was young. He had extensive experience in Shili Foreign Exchange and was familiar with the way of business. After returning to his hometown in 1924 to take charge of Hezhuang Muhang, he was diligent in pioneering and brave in innovation. By analyzing the characteristics of the rural market in southern Jiangsu at that time and conducting extensive and in-depth investigations with a brand-new business concept, he carried out a series of determined reforms in marketing strategy, source organization, in-depth product development, internal management and capital operation, and adopted a set of brand-new management methods to make Hezhuang Muhang full of vitality.

  "Hezhuang Muhang" is named "Yuchang Shenhao" and is wholly owned. In order to provide customers with goods with good materials, complete varieties and excellent prices, apart from purchasing materials from various wood merchants, Yang Weiqing went to Anhui and Jiangxi forest areas to select materials and purchase goods in batches, and often dispatched rafts to and from the wood distribution center located in the canal waterway, making the wood high-quality and marketable, reducing costs and benefiting the villagers.

▲ Shop at the former site of Hezhuang Muhang and the old signboard of "Yuchangshen"

  According to the statistics of Hezhuang Muhang over the years, the main target of timber sales is villagers to build houses, accounting for about half of the total sales. The funds for farmers to build houses are usually the accumulation of income from agriculture and mulberry four times a year, that is, spring cocoon, summer wheat ripening, autumn cocoon and autumn rice harvest, especially spring silkworm and autumn harvest. It often takes several years for ordinary farmers to accumulate before they can have the economic ability to build houses. Hezhuang Muhang fully considers the actual situation of the villagers and adopts the method of quarterly payment suitable for the local economic characteristics. When the villagers come to buy building timber, if they can find an acquaintance guarantee, they only need to pay half of the payment at that time, and the rest can be paid in installments in the future and paid in two years. Another kind of handicraft users who are engaged in shipbuilding and paving industry account for about 30% of the total turnover. These users have exquisite woodworking skills themselves, and they will make a profit after making finished products, but the lack of capital and the difficulty in capital turnover will affect their business. Hezhuang Muhang is allowed to use credit sales to solve the urgent needs of their raw materials. When purchasing wood, they can pay 30% of the payment in cash and pay off the rest within one year. The above-mentioned sales measures for the convenience of the people have helped many villagers solve problems in building houses, improved their living conditions as soon as possible, and promoted the establishment and development of handicrafts in surrounding townships.

  In order to facilitate the practical needs of the villagers, Hezhuang Muhang not only deals in whole wood and section materials, but also employs craftsmen to select shirts and pine logs all the year round to process them into various types of plates for sale in their own workshops. When building houses, farmers can directly purchase wood floors, room partitions, cabinets and other materials, while handicraft workshop owners can choose materials of various applicable specifications. This not only facilitates the people, but also expands the products and improves the operation.

  Good credit and dedicated service make "Hezhuang Muxing" win the reputation and reputation of the people, and spread from near to far. In every village and town in Sinan, there are buildings related to Hezhuang Muhang, and customers from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces near Taihu Lake are also coming in an endless stream. Hezhuang Muhang adopts the marketing service mode of dicing management and division of labor cooperation in its business. With Hezhuang and its adjacent areas as the center, the rest are east, south, west, north and southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and nine districts are respectively responsible for establishing a mutually beneficial and honest customer marketing service and information exchange network. Workers in each division of labor are familiar with and closely related to the villages and towns in their own management areas, and contact people in each village Committee for frequent contacts. The internal management functions of Hezhuang Muhang are clear, and the salary incentive mechanism of performance distribution and annual reward is also implemented for the treatment of employees.

▲ Hezhuang Muhang Management Scribing Management Table

  A whole set of brand-new management methods adopted by Mr. Yang Weiqing were welcomed by villagers and handicraft workshop owners, and also greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of employees in Muhang. Customers keep coming, and Hezhuang Muhang is bustling with business. Groups of long shoots and pieces of wood are shipped from the place of origin and sold in an endless stream. Hezhuang Muhang thus won the market, and in the mid-1930s, Yuchang Shenmu reached its peak. Rafts stretch for miles on both sides of the Shanxi River in Hezhuang, and timber piles are full on the shore and around the river.

  Hezhuang Muhang is a node of the Grand Canal to promote the improvement of people’s livelihood and economic development in the water towns along the southwest and Taihu Lake. Through these ways, the flowing canal is inextricably linked with people’s production and life to benefit the people’s livelihood in the water towns.

  four

  Years past — — "Hezhuang Muxing" and Nanmen Ancient Canal

  "The water alley in the south of the Yangtze River is the place where the canal is out of print", and the Nanmen ancient canal in Wuxi is the most distinctive place in the Wuxi section of the Grand Canal. The "Hezhuang Muhang" located outside the South Gate has been in the city for several times to operate along the ancient canal. Since 1941, it has opened Taichang Muhang in Huangni Bridge of the South Gate. At the beginning of liberation, part of Hezhuang Muhang moved to Tongyang Bridge for business, and its name was also "Yuchang Shenhao". In 1955, the public-private partnership moved to Beichang Street and renamed it "Xiechang Shenmuhang", until Mr. Yang Weiqing retired in 1961. "Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for 20 years before and after its operation along the ancient canal in Nanmen, and experienced unforgettable years from national disaster to liberation and rebirth, and public-private partnership into the socialist economic system.

  In the mid-1930s, the operation of Hezhuang Muhang was successful, and Mr. Yang Weiqing was preparing to continue to expand his grand plan. In 1937, Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, and Shanghai, Wuxi and Nanjing successively fell. In the winter of this year, Wuxi was repeatedly bombed by Japanese planes, houses were destroyed, goods were burned, factories were shut down, shops were closed, and people fled. In the past, the lively scene of customers coming and going in the wooden shop, the rafts in the river and the people on both sides of the bank measuring and recording wood and making bursts of singing voices disappeared. The timber in the mountains of Jiangxi and Anhui could not be transported, and the supply of wood shops was cut off. Hezhuang Muhang struggled to make ends meet by selling its inventory, which was basically sold out but could not be replenished. Prices in the occupied areas rose and the currency depreciated, so the accounts sold on credit could not be recovered. Living in turmoil and economic depression, the poor people in rural areas are in a difficult situation.

  In order to find a way out, Mr. Yang Weiqing visited Wuxi city for many times and found that there was still a market for old wood there. The reason is: many local workshops and factories were closed for several years after the fall, and now they are resuming production one after another, all of which need to be repaired and some are added. There are abandoned sites or open spaces on both sides of each street, which are suitable for the construction of shops or homes, as well as the repair of destroyed houses, and old wood is selected for use. Workshops, ship repairs and shipyards nearby have been resumed one after another, and only old wood can be purchased as raw materials. After several considerations, Yang Weiqing decided to choose a location for business in the urban area, and to build a stove and start a stove to manage old wood first to make a living. So, near Huangni Bridge, which is located on the river outside Nanchengmen, Wuxi, we chose to lease a house 200 meters north of the bridge. At that time, the road was called Beichang Street, and the house was located in the east of the road, with the front door facing the street, the back door facing the river and the dock. After two months of intensive preparations, in the first half of 1941, "Taichang Muhang" opened its doors here. The source of goods comes from Zhenze, Huzhou Nanxun and other market towns at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Yang Weiqing personally organizes the procurement and ships tin in batches. Because there is no wood to tin for several years, there are old wood and old doors and windows for sale, which are very popular. Soon the business started to be formal, and the business was so busy that the rented house was too small to use. We also found an abandoned garden on the west side of the long street across the street, with a width of several hundred square meters. As a timber storage and business place, the turnover of building houses is increasing day by day. At that time, the wood used for the repair of the school building and the addition of the girls’ dormitory in Wuxi Girls’ Middle School was purchased from Taichang Muhang.President Xu Daiyun of Nanmen Gangnan Middle School is a native of Miaoqiao, Nanxiang. He is familiar with Yang Weiqing and often buys wood to repair the school building in Taichang Muhang. There is also an unexpected customer, that is, a trafficker from northern Jiangsu to Wuxi, who sells agricultural products, especially piglets, so everyone is used to calling them piggy guests. They transport several shipments of tin at a time, and then sell and buy goods to return home. It is said that it is the most cost-effective to sell back old wood, so Taichang Muhang has a lot of sales in this respect. After three years of hard work, Taichang Muhang once again opened the market in the urban area.

  Hezhuang Muxing struggled for several years in the dilemma of national disaster, and it ended in August 1945 when the Japanese surrendered to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Yang Weiqing was very happy, looking forward to a turnaround in the wood industry, and finally the wood supply that had been interrupted for eight years was reopened. At the beginning of 1946, just after the Spring Festival, Mr. Wei Qing immediately went to Hangzhou with money and learned that several batches of rafts had arrived, all of which had been snapped up by local wood merchants. Mr. Wei Qing immediately went upstream along the Fuchun River and went to the upper reaches of Xin ‘an River to buy a batch of timber. On the way, he signed a contract and purchased the first batch of new timber after the Anti-Japanese War.

  When transporting timber in Hangzhou, Mr. Yang Weiqing paid a special visit to Hangguo, the leader of the Communist Party of China, who lived at No.61 Huangpailou Lane in Hangzhou at that time. Hangguo is a native of Xuelang Guxiang, Wuxi. He studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union, and led the peasant movement in Wuxi. He is also known for his contacts with Yang Weiqing. Hangs entertained and told Yang Weiqing: Now that the Japanese have surrendered unconditionally, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are negotiating, and it may be concluded. By then, everyone will work together to build the country and the people of the whole country can live and work in peace and contentment. The construction of houses in enemy-occupied areas has been stopped for eight years, and now it will be carried out in large quantities. The timber you handle will be prosperous. However, if the two parties can’t talk properly, then the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang and the Yan ‘an government led by Zhu and Mao will be hostile, and the consequences will be difficult to predict. On the same day, Hang and Yang walked hand in hand along the Qiantang River beach and canal to watch the transportation of rafts.

  But the good times didn’t last long, and then the Kuomintang reactionaries provoked a civil war, and the situation took a turn for the worse, and the people were once again in dire straits. Officials and outlaws run amok, extorting money from businessmen and people, imposing exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the economy is declining again. Of course, the timber industry is also in a slump. When prices were rising three times a day, the Kuomintang government issued a gold certificate, which added fuel to the fire of inflation and caused the wood industry to be on the verge of extinction again. Struggle against the national disaster and look forward to the light. Mr. Yang Weiqing hopes that the people’s revolution led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) will win an all-round victory at an early date, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment.

  In April 1949, Wuxi was liberated. Mr. Yang Weiqing, who is nearly sixty years old, actively responded to the call of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the people’s government, took the road of developing economic security supply, maintained the Yuchang Shenmu company in the countryside, and listened to the arrangement of the government, and moved part of the wood company to Tongyang Bridge in Wuxi City for business, which can not only continue to meet the demand for wood in rural areas of Sinan, but also serve urban factories. In 1955, Mr. Yang Weiqing actively responded to the call of the party and the government for public-private partnership. Yuchang Shenmu Company moved to Nanchang Street, and the neighboring Xieyuan Shenmu Company merged. The Xiechang Shenmu Company, which was established as a public-private partnership, was integrated into the socialist economic system. Mr. Yang Weiqing, together with all the staff and workers, will continue to serve the people on the timber front and do his best for socialist construction in the new joint venture.

  In 1962, when Yang Weiqing was 71 years old, he asked the public representative for retirement, and said with deep affection, "Our Yang family is a wooden family, and it has been three generations and one hundred years since I was born. There are buildings related to Hezhuang Muhang in every commune in Sinan, such as Xuelang, Huazhuang, Nanquan, Donglong and Dafu. My customers are all over Sinan and around Taihu Lake, and the amount of wood sold by Hezhuang Muhang is hard to count. It is not an exaggeration to say that it ranks first among peers in Wuxi. I was determined to work in the wood industry when I was young, and I didn’t dare to take a day off for forty years. I have been operating in the old society for more than 20 years in the first half of my life. I have really experienced many vicissitudes of life, and I have never lived a stable life. Only after liberation, under the leadership and care of the party and the government, can we live and work in peace and contentment. Now the motherland is thriving and becoming increasingly prosperous; All walks of life, talented people come forth in large numbers, successors, and our wood industry is no exception. In my lifetime, I can see such a good situation. I feel really satisfied. Now submit a report and apply for retirement. " Mr. Yang Weiqing died in 1964 at the age of 73. Sinan folks still miss him for a long time.

▲ Visit the old site — — Wuxi Nanmen Tongyang Bridge (the big tree on the left behind the bridge is the location of Yuchang Shenmu in the city)

  five

  Canal culture — — The Cultural Heritage of People in Watertown

  The canal is flowing continuously, accessible and widely beneficial to the world, which provides people with rich spiritual nourishment and cultural genes. Benevolence and kindness, respect for learning and education, and simple folk customs are infiltrated and rooted in water towns, and the canal culture has a long history.

  Walking into the former site of "Hezhuang Muxing", you can see the four characters of "Blessed by the Road" carved on the plastic door, which is the ancestral motto handed down from generation to generation by people in water towns. If good is like water, there must be a way to do it. "Hezhuang Muxing" was founded to meet the needs of the people in the construction of boats and farmhouses in water towns. In the course of its operation, it also shows the concept of putting people first, respecting morality and doing good, and is enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings, and enjoys everything that is beneficial to the neighbors.

▲ "Hezhuang Muxing" brick engraved threshold "Blessed by the road"

  After its establishment, "Hezhuang Muxing" served the people’s livelihood and benefited the countryside. It was open-minded and honest, and was usually charitable. It often provided wood and money for neighboring villagers with poor families and solved the difficulties of life on the water for boat people passing by. The verandah along the river is a public place for villagers and passers-by to rest and enjoy the cool, and a place for boating in the river to rest. The owner of the wooden house is warm, kind and hospitable, and always keeps a vat of tea for the neighbors and passers-by to quench their thirst. Muhang’s revetment arbor is the boat dock for Nanxiang to enter the city. "Hezhuang Muhang" has always done its duty to serve the villagers enthusiastically, storing and keeping things, transmitting information, and blending with the villagers. It’s late at night, the lights of the windows and holes along the river in Hezhuang Muhang are always on, keeping a little light for the ships passing by at night, and showing the silhouette through the arbor, which is convenient for the ships to identify the channel. When boat people have difficulties, Muhang always gives them whatever they want. Decades later, descendants of boat people still come all the way to thank Muhang for his help to their ancestors. Because of Muhang’s qualifications and reputation, all the neighbors who have public affairs and parents are willing to come here to discuss and seek mediation and judgment until the matter is satisfactorily resolved. Whenever rural public activities are needed, Hezhuang Muhang always enthusiastically provides places and needed objects to support and take care of them. For example, the rural cultural classes in the early days of liberation and the collective sericulture room of rural cooperatives are all located in Hezhuang Muhang. Blessed are the streets and strong feelings in the neighborhood. The kindness of Hezhuang Muxing in the past generations has won unanimous praise and respect from the villagers.

  Hezhuang Muxing is enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings. It donated money to build ancestral halls and compile genealogy, and Muxing began to support rural cultural education when it achieved initial results. At that time, schools in rural areas were all private schools, and it was necessary to have a place, so teachers were invited, and students paid tuition fees to teachers and took turns to "provide meals". In the 14th year of Tongzhi (AD 1875), the ancestral hall of Hezhuang was renovated, and Yang Qingqiao was ready to start a rural school in the ancestral hall. The teacher was hired by Muhang, who lived in Muhang all the year round. All expenses were borne by Muhang, and students were charged half the tuition fee, while poor students were exempted from it. All the young people in Hezhuang read and write here, and they are given the three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, early childhood studies, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius and other traditional ancient texts. Older students also study calligraphy and abacus, and the books in the ancestral hall are loud all year round. The school lasted for thirty-eight years before and after its long-term opening. During this period, despite the change of several generations of Muhang hosts and teachers, there were also Huizhou wooden guests who taught here. However, the tradition of Hezhuang Muhang to help students was passed down from generation to generation, and the Hezhuang School funded by Muhang continued for a long time until the establishment of Litaoxiang Primary School in Wuxi County in 1913. In order to make it convenient for children to go to school in Taoxiang and the villagers to get to the market town, and to avoid the pain of rotten roads and slippery roads in rainy days, Yang Weiqing, the fourth host of Hezhuang Muhang, also invested in the construction of Shiban Township Road from Hezhuang to Taoxiang and surrounding towns. With the development of culture and education in Hezhuang, all men are illiterate, and everyone can write and write letters to Dont Ask For Help, which is a new village style.Half of the people go out to make a living in various industries, which is different from other villages. This is a manifestation of the progress of cultural development. The Grand Canal has a long-term influence on promoting the development of rural education.

  Mr. Yang Weiqing is the fourth host of Hezhuang Muhang. He knows that strengthening the industry requires knowledge and talents, and he emphasizes intellectual investment and training. At that time, Mr. Yang Weiqing was known as the "No.1 scholar in the wood industry" because his four sons were all trained in universities and his two daughters were people’s teachers. His children’s growth was also influenced by the canal. It is a tradition of the water town families to pay attention to learning and teaching.

▲ Mr. Yang Yuqing’s children took a group photo at their ancestral home (photo taken in 1961). Photo background Both sides of the river are the former sites of Hezhuang Muhang.

  Yang Ruizhen, the eldest daughter of Mr. Yang Weiqing, was a famous national model worker in Wuxi in 1950s and 1960s. She attended the National Heroes’ Meeting in Beijing twice and was cordially received by Party and state leaders such as Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, and was praised as a red flag on the education front. Her husband, Hua Zhigang, was the principal of Dayao Road Primary School in the ancient canal. In the school, he actively cooperated with the underground party to carry out secret activities. On the eve of the liberation of Wuxi, he posted a slogan welcoming the PLA to the city all night, and Yang Ruizhen stayed up all night, finally ushered in the liberation of Wuxi.

  Mr. Yang Weiqing’s third son, Chang Yang, witnessed the sufferings brought by Japanese aggression to Muhang workers when he was young, and went to Xushe ‘an xishan village to flee with his family. He received the enlightenment education of patriotism, and he grew up with the ambition of becoming a strong country and serving the country. In 1953, Chang Yang graduated from Nanmen Ancient Canal High School and was admitted to Shanghai Jiaotong University. After graduating from Jiaotong University, he volunteered to work in a national defense unit in Northwest China. In 1965, Qian Xuesen was named and transferred to Beijing with the approval of Premier Zhou Enlai, a special committee of the Central Committee, and he undertook and participated in the development and launch tasks of China’s first artificial satellite launch, manned space flight and Chang ‘e lunar exploration. In 1991, the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics awarded Chang Yang the honorary title of "an old aerospace expert with outstanding contributions". When looking back on his life, he always remembers the canal years of his childhood.

  The Grand Canal bears a long history and culture, and it is of great significance to explore and study the historical remains and profound accumulation along the Canal for the protection and inheritance of the Canal culture. "Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for a hundred years, which showed the promotion and promotion of the Grand Canal to the people’s livelihood and cultural development in water towns from a branch. The local conservation building of "Hezhuang Muxing former site" is a precious carrier of canal historical sites.

  (Source/system of canals)

Taboola AI engine leads advertising innovation, and Realize platform reshapes a new chapter in effect advertising.

Taboola AI engine leads advertising innovation, and Realize platform reshapes a new chapter in effect advertising.

Taboola, a global effect advertising platform, once again leads the advertising innovation with its unique advertising space, first-party data and AI technology, and launches a brand-new effect advertising platform-Realize, reshaping a new chapter in effect advertising. This move not only expands the business focus beyond native advertising, but also provides advertisers with a simple and efficient way to place effect-oriented advertisements in various advertising spaces of the world’s largest and most reliable content media, mobile equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and APP applications.

Realize platform is the only effective advertising platform in the industry besides search and social media. It uses Taboola’s unique advertising space, first-party data and AI technology to achieve advertising effects for advertisers on a large scale. This innovative platform has opened up more advertising spaces for advertisers to display advertisements and Taboola’s huge network of media, applications and OEM partners, including well-known partners such as NBC News, Yahoo, Xiaomi and Samsung.

Advertisers of Taboola can now break through the limitation of native advertising space and accurately reach the target customers of many high-quality media and applications around the world through more high-exposure advertising space. This change not only improves the advertising effect, but also enables advertisers to convey brand information more effectively and expand brand influence.

The Realize platform is driven by a powerful AI engine, which can find the best opportunities for advertising activities in Taboola’s world-renowned media and application network. This AI engine relies on the unique data advantages given by Taboola’s page code integration with media partners. When optimizing and advertising, AI engine can obtain more data signals than any other open network platform, thus achieving measurable scale effect improvement. This unique data-driven way enables the Realize platform to better understand and meet the needs of different audiences, thus achieving more accurate advertising.

Adam Singolda, founder and CEO of Taboola, is full of confidence in the launch of the Realize platform. "Every enterprise deserves the opportunity to grow and succeed." He said, "However, for a long time, the expansion of effect advertising outside search and social media has been difficult. Advertising on DSP and CTV is helpful to brand building, but it can’t optimize the advertising effect. However, cooperating with hundreds of advertising technology companies to put on display advertisements is often not worth the time of marketers because of its limited scale. Now, through the Realize platform, we will bring more outstanding results to advertisers and media partners. "

The launch of the Realize platform not only enriches Taboola’s business line, but also marks that the advertising industry is entering a brand-new era. With the support of big data and AI technology, the advertising industry is changing from traditional brand building-oriented to effect-oriented. This change not only makes advertising more accurate, but also enables advertisers to use resources more effectively and improve the advertising effect.

Generally speaking, the launch of the Realize platform is a major breakthrough for Taboola in the field of effect advertising. It uses AI technology to combine the first-party data with the unique advertising space, providing advertisers with a simple and efficient way to expand their advertising influence and enhance the advertising effect. This innovative measure will reshape a new chapter of effect advertising and bring more opportunities and possibilities to the whole industry.

Disclaimer: The content of this website mainly comes from originality, partner contributions and third-party contributions from media authors. All information appearing on this website is for reference only. This website will try its best to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided, but it does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the relevant information. Readers should further verify it before using it and be responsible for any self-determined behavior. This website is not responsible for any errors, inaccuracies or omissions caused by relevant information. Any unit or individual who thinks that the contents of the web pages or links in this website may be suspected of infringing its intellectual property rights or have false contents shall promptly submit a written notice of rights or a statement of falsehood to this website, and provide proof of identity, ownership and detailed proof of infringement or falsehood. After receiving the above legal documents, this website will contact the source of relevant articles for verification as soon as possible according to law, and delete relevant contents or disconnect relevant links.

Strengthening the integration of agriculture and science and technology to promote the high-quality development of agriculture

  Scientific and technological innovation is the fundamental driving force to promote agricultural and rural modernization. China’s efforts to build an agricultural power and enhance its international competitiveness are inseparable from the powerful drive of scientific and technological innovation. Strengthening agricultural scientific and technological innovation and deepening the integration of agriculture and science and technology have important practical significance.

  Scientific and technological innovation is the source of power for agricultural development. The integration of agriculture and science and technology is not a simple combination of agriculture and science and technology, but a process of integrating science and technology into agricultural production as a core input factor. Through scientific and technological innovation, the endogenous growth of agriculture is realized and the competitiveness of agriculture is enhanced.

  To strengthen the integration of agriculture and science and technology, we must plan a grand strategy, build a big platform and achieve great cooperation. It is necessary to stimulate new kinetic energy of integration through institutional mechanism innovation, continuously release new vitality of integration through policy guidance, improve the level of agricultural modernization, and promote high-quality agricultural development.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Jilin: "The key to agricultural modernization is the modernization of agricultural science and technology. To strengthen the integration of agriculture and science and technology and strengthen agricultural science and technology innovation, researchers should write their papers on the land and let farmers grow the best food with the best technology. " The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in modernization, which is the foundation and support of national modernization. With the deepening of agricultural modernization, the supporting role of science and technology has become increasingly prominent. Agricultural development has entered a new stage led by scientific and technological innovation, and it is even more necessary to rely on science and technology to achieve innovation drive. Facing the new situation, new tasks and new requirements, it is necessary to further strengthen the integration of agriculture and science and technology, constantly release the vitality of innovation and provide new kinetic energy for agricultural modernization.

  Practical significance of strengthening the integration of agriculture and science and technology

  Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is booming. Global scientific and technological innovation has entered an unprecedented intensive and active period, and science and technology are driving economic and social development with unprecedented power. Practice has proved that scientific and technological innovation is the fundamental driving force to promote agricultural and rural modernization. China’s efforts to build an agricultural power and enhance its international competitiveness are inseparable from the powerful drive of scientific and technological innovation. Strengthening agricultural scientific and technological innovation and deepening the integration of agriculture and science and technology have important practical significance.

  This is the need to enhance the global competitiveness of China’s agriculture. For a big country with a population of 1.4 billion, the basic position of agriculture cannot be ignored or weakened at any time, and it is true at any time to have food in hand and not panic in heart. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s agricultural modernization has achieved remarkable results, and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been greatly improved, which has provided strong support for economic and social development. Under the new situation, we should focus on solving the deep-seated contradictions and problems in agricultural development, focusing on adjusting the structure of agricultural products, improving the ability of agricultural risk resistance and the level of agricultural modernization. It should be deeply recognized that the key to seize the commanding heights of global agricultural competition, win the strategic initiative and continuously enhance the global influence and discourse power of China’s agriculture lies in improving the strength of scientific and technological innovation. This requires us to innovate and break through the policy mechanism, actively attract and gather international outstanding agricultural scientific and technological talents, teams, resources and other innovative elements, coordinate the domestic and foreign markets and global scientific and technological resources, and enhance the global competitiveness of China’s agriculture.

  This is the need to realize the leap from a big agricultural country to a powerful agricultural country. A modern agricultural power means strong ability of food security, strong competitiveness of agricultural products, strong modern facilities and equipment, strong ability of sustainable development and strong quality of agricultural workers. To leap into an agricultural power, it is urgent to rely on scientific and technological innovation to promote variety creation, research and development of intelligent equipment, and socialized services. Only by continuously strengthening the integration of agriculture and science and technology can we effectively promote the transformation of agricultural development mode, form a high-quality, efficient and dynamic modern agricultural industrial system, and provide a steady stream of power for the leap from a large agricultural country to an agricultural power.

  This is the need to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. To achieve high-quality agricultural development, it requires high product quality, high eco-economic benefits and high comprehensive production efficiency, which requires rapidly improving the level of agricultural scientific and technological innovation and the supply quality of industrial technological achievements, realizing the transformation from quantity-oriented to quantity-quality-benefit, from agricultural production to ecology, culture and leisure, and from single technological innovation to multi-technology integration, new mode construction and new format cultivation.

  This is the need to ensure efficient utilization and sustainable development of resources. The relative shortage of cultivated land, water and other resource elements is an important factor affecting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The integration of science and technology into agricultural production as a production factor will improve the level of intelligent agricultural equipment, reduce the intensity of resource utilization and improve the efficiency of recycling. For example, through green technologies such as efficient water-saving irrigation and drainage, fertilization and pesticide application, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer can be improved, soil conservation of cultivated land can be maintained, and the sustainable development of agriculture can be promoted.

  The main connotation of strengthening the integration of agriculture and science and technology

  The integration of agriculture and science and technology is the process of integrating factors into production. The integration of agriculture and science and technology is not a simple combination of agriculture and science and technology, but a process of integrating science and technology into agricultural production as a core input factor. Through scientific and technological innovation, the endogenous growth of agriculture is realized and the competitiveness of agriculture is enhanced. The development of agriculture in the future will depend on the ability of scientific and technological innovation, which is the source of power for agricultural development.

  The integration of agriculture and science and technology is the redistribution of resource elements. As a core element, science and technology not only participate in the production process, but also bring about the optimization and coordinated development of the existing production factors. Collaborative development is the objective necessity of the integration of agricultural industry development and scientific and technological progress, and the essential requirement of improving innovation ability and efficiency and promoting agricultural modernization.

  The integration of agriculture and science and technology promotes the multi-agent interest connection. The integration of agriculture and science and technology will inevitably bring about the innovation of cooperation mode and cooperation mechanism of modern agricultural stakeholders, and promote the formation of development synergy. For example, promote multi-agent collaborative research, and explore and form a collaborative research model with interest linkage between agricultural enterprises and scientific research institutions to achieve in-depth cooperation between agriculture and science and technology and reasonable profit sharing.

  The integration of agriculture and science and technology promotes the perfection of modern agricultural industrial chain. Scientific and technological innovation serves the whole chain of agricultural production. Taking key core technologies as the breakthrough point and the main direction, taking the integration of science and technology with seed industry, science and technology with agricultural production, science and technology with industrial services, and science and technology with ecology as the path, through the integration of agriculture and science and technology, the level of the whole agricultural industrial chain will be continuously improved.

  Countermeasures and suggestions on strengthening the integration of agriculture and science and technology

  To strengthen the integration of agriculture and science and technology, we must plan a grand strategy, build a big platform and achieve great cooperation. It is necessary to stimulate new kinetic energy of integration through institutional mechanism innovation, continuously release new vitality of integration through policy guidance, improve the level of agricultural modernization, and promote high-quality agricultural development.

  The first is strategic planning and forward-looking layout. Focusing on the requirements of rural revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization, aiming at the transformation and development trend of modern agricultural science and technology, strategically planning the layout of major scientific and technological innovations, and combining the long-term characteristics of basic research and agricultural technological innovation, systematically and step by step deploying major scientific and technological innovation tasks of modern agriculture in the future.

  The second is to build a big platform and achieve great cooperation. Based on scientific and technological innovation and oriented to industrialization, we will promote the concentration of innovative elements, the integration of key technologies, the concentration of affiliated enterprises and advantageous industrial clusters, build a platform for the integration of science and technology economy, build an agricultural silicon valley, and build a regional center for the integration of agriculture and science and technology. Encourage and support well-known agricultural science and technology enterprises to integrate into the big platform, achieve great cooperation, cross-disciplinary integration and multi-technical routes in parallel, break through a number of key common technologies that are "stuck in the neck" in agricultural development, ensure the supply of key core technologies, support and lead new formats and new models, and give birth to new kinetic energy for agricultural development.

  The third is to innovate the institutional mechanism to promote integration. Promote the linkage between science and technology and agriculture and the innovation of distribution mechanism, and truly turn the integration of science and technology and agriculture into the conscious behavior of the subject. We will promote the reform of agricultural science and technology investment guarantee and sustainable growth mechanism, strengthen the connection and linkage between agriculture and science and technology policies, and focus all reforms on promoting the deep integration of agriculture and science and technology and the rational sharing of interests among all parties.

  The fourth is to stimulate the enthusiasm of all subjects for integration. The enthusiasm of the subject is the biggest adhesive for the integration of agriculture and science and technology. Supporting large, medium and small enterprises and all kinds of subjects to integrate innovation can stimulate the subjective initiative of each subject and achieve greater efficiency. Resolutely get rid of "only papers, only professional titles, only academic qualifications, only awards", innovate the evaluation and reward system for scientific researchers, take the overall goal of improving the ability of independent innovation and the core competitiveness of agricultural industry, take solving major strategic scientific and technological problems as the standard, attach importance to long-term assessment and stable funding, strengthen the docking between supply and demand of all subjects, and further promote the cooperation between R&D and the application of agricultural industry needs.

  The fifth is to strengthen policy guidance and continuously release the vitality of integration and innovation. We will deepen institutional reforms such as ownership of scientific and technological achievements and distribution of transformation income, and improve the incentive mechanism for transformation of achievements. Further refine the supporting policies to support the integration of agriculture and science and technology, and improve the policies of integration, investment in science and technology, and transformation of achievements in Industry-University-Research. Promote the establishment of special funds such as agricultural venture capital guidance and intellectual property operation, and expand financing channels. While attracting more social capital investment, we will increase financial support and set up a special fund for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements to provide financial guarantee for promoting the integration of science and technology with agriculture. Create a platform for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, and explore the establishment of a new model for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements with government promotion, market guidance and enterprise operation.

Respiratory infection is prevalent, microbiologist: Most of them are self-limited diseases, so we should pay attention to the elderly.

  At the press conference held on November 26th, Mi Feng, spokesman of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that monitoring showed that influenza was the main respiratory infectious disease in China recently. In addition, rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and other pathogens caused it.

  "Influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and rhinovirus are all known viruses or bacteria, and humans have coexisted with them for thousands of years." Jin Dongyan, a microbiologist and professor at Li Ka-shing Medical College of HKU, said in an interview with The Paper that people are very familiar with the characteristics of these pathogens, and most of them are self-limited diseases. A considerable number of healthy adults are immune to these pathogens, and there are no signs of super-large-scale outbreaks or significantly enhanced pathogenicity.

  Lu Mengji, a German virologist of Chinese descent, also told The Paper that it is understandable that respiratory infections have increased after the management of the epidemic was lifted. In the first half of this year, children’s hospitals in Germany were also overcrowded. In his view, as the temperature drops, the pressure on hospitals in southern China may also increase, and it is suggested to protect vulnerable people through vaccination.

  Jin Dongyan believes that the susceptible groups of the above pathogens are mainly the elderly and children. At present, it is necessary to nip in the bud. "Keep an eye on schools and kindergartens, find out early when there are small-scale cluster infections, and take decisive measures to effectively level the epidemic curve, reduce the total number of infected people, and at the same time reduce the pressure on medical institutions." In addition, the family should pay attention to the elderly with low immunity. "Children are sick, so we should pay attention to isolating the elderly." He suggested vaccinating the elderly and paying special attention to the elderly in nursing homes.

  Previous public information showed that the number of patients in many children’s hospitals in Beijing was running at a high level and even overloaded. At the press conference on the 26th, Mi Feng suggested that large hospitals are crowded, with long waiting time and high risk of cross-infection. If there are children with mild symptoms at home, it is recommended to go to primary health care institutions or general hospitals for pediatric treatment.

  Jin Dongyan also advocated that people should not gather in large hospitals for treatment. Gathering children is not only easy to cross-infect, but also may lead to the failure of timely treatment of critically ill patients.

  In Jin Dongyan’s view, most of these pathogen infections are symptomatic treatment. It is not necessary to detect and determine the pathogen before treatment. "The most advanced areas in the world can’t do this." At present, only large hospitals in China can complete testing, and most primary hospitals can’t. "Time is the most important thing", if we wait for the test and then treat it, it may delay the treatment and cause the resources of large hospitals to be squeezed.

  At the aforementioned press conference, Mi Feng said that all localities should scientifically coordinate medical resources, implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system, adjust their strength across disciplines and hospitals, give play to the role of medical associations, and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of general infections and the efficiency of severe identification and referral; It is necessary to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in key crowded places such as schools, child care institutions and nursing homes, and reduce the flow of personnel and visits. He reminded everyone that it is necessary to adhere to the sanitary habits of wearing masks, ventilation and washing hands frequently, and advocate key groups such as "one old and one small" to actively vaccinate relevant vaccines. When you have respiratory symptoms, you should be well protected, keep a social distance, and avoid cross-infection in your family and unit.

  [The following is a conversation between The Paper and Jin Dongyan]

  "These diseases are not difficult to treat, and they are not so special."

  The Paper:In your opinion, is the main pathogen prevalent in recent respiratory infections new?

  Jin Dongyan:The current situation is not consistent with the epidemic characteristics of new pathogens. First of all, there is no evidence that there is a new virus in the information released by the CDC and the Health and Health Commission. Judging from a professional point of view, if a pathogen mainly infects children, it is basically a known or past epidemic virus or bacteria. Because adults have been infected before and have immunity, adults can’t be infected or the symptoms of infection are mild or even completely asymptomatic, while children have never been exposed to this pathogen before and have no immunity, so the number of children infected is large and the impact is relatively large. Fortunately, children are infected with these pathogens, and most of the symptoms are not serious.

  The Paper:Wang Quanyi, deputy director of Beijing CDC and chief expert of epidemiology, said in an interview recently that according to the latest monitoring data, the epidemic intensity of mycoplasma pneumoniae dropped to the fourth place, with the top three being influenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.

  Jin Dongyan:According to the data released by China CDC, the northern part of China is on the rise of seasonal influenza, which has not reached the peak yet, and should gradually reach the peak in the next few weeks. The South is just beginning to take the lead, while Hong Kong is over, which is below the baseline level.

  All the four pathogens are known viruses or bacteria, and their epidemic characteristics, severity and severity ratio are also known. Humans have lived with them for thousands of years, so we can say that we know the root of them. We have never had a devastating epidemic in the past, and there is no sign that this will happen this year. This is a basic judgment.

  About half of people are immune to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and its infectivity is not so strong-it is usually transmitted in a crowded or closed environment after very close contact, such as eating and drinking together. Its basic reproductive rate is only 1.7, which is much lower than that of Omikjon strain in Covid-19.

  From the point of view of public health, the disease control department mainly needs to deal with the cluster epidemic to prevent its scale from expanding, and if the intensity is achieved, many outbreaks can be reduced.

  The Paper:Which age group are the susceptible people of these four pathogens? Is there any difference in clinical manifestations after infection, and what damage will it cause to the body if it is serious?

  Jin Dongyan:Almost all susceptible people are children and the elderly.

  There is little difference in clinical manifestations. In terms of drug treatment, influenza has specific drugs, such as Tamiflu and oseltamivir. There is no specific medicine for respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus or rhinovirus. Mycoplasma pneumoniae can use azithromycin and other antibiotics. However, most influenza patients do not need to use Tamiflu or oseltamivir, and most children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae do not need azithromycin. Patients who only have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and have been in good health in the past generally do not need to take antibiotics. Not all patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae positive must use antibiotics. Even in hospitals that have the conditions for testing, antibiotics are not needed for those infected with mild symptoms.

  Of course, after using antibiotics, the number of bacteria in droplets decreases, which can reduce the spread. Whether to use antibiotics or not is a clinical judgment made by the attending doctor. As long as the doctor judges that the patient has or will have a high possibility of mycoplasma pneumonia, even if there is no pathogen test result, the drug should be given on a trial basis, and then whether the patient has a fever for 48 to 72 hours should be observed. If the fever has gone down, you should use it correctly, and if it hasn’t, you should change your tactics. This is the treatment procedure for mycoplasma pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonia. This judgment should be made by a professional doctor in combination with clinical symptoms and the presence or absence of basic diseases (such as asthma).

  In fact, children’s hospitals, general hospitals, pediatrics or community hospitals without pediatrics can make correct judgments as long as they are adequately trained pediatricians or general practitioners. Parents with medical knowledge can of course make their own judgments and make wise choices for their children whether and how to seek medical treatment.

  Most people infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae are asymptomatic or mild, and only 3%-10% of infected people will have pneumonia. Most infected people with pneumonia are mild, and their prognosis is good. It should also be made clear to everyone that not everyone will be seriously ill and everyone will go to hospital.

  The Paper:In what season are these four pathogens prevalent?

  Jin Dongyan:Generally speaking, it will be popular all year round, but it will be more serious in winter, especially in the northern region, which is also a known feature in the past.

  The Paper:A doctor in Beijing was interviewed and mentioned that he has been engaged in pediatric diagnosis and treatment for more than 20 years. This time, the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the highest.

  Jin Dongyan:In the post-epidemic era, when foreign influenza virus and syncytial virus broke out together with Covid-19, many doctors said that it looked more serious than ever. Is it actually worse? The answer is none.

  You should look at the data of the whole city or the whole country. Up to now, there are not many places in China that have the conditions to do mycoplasma pneumoniae testing, and it may be impossible to test it at the district-level hospitals, and it is also inaccurate. How do you know if something happens to you? Plus mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is mostly asymptomatic. Without the test data of the past years, it is actually impossible to know whether this wave has the largest number of infected people.

  From the weekly influenza report released by the National Influenza Center, it can be clearly seen that the number of cases with flu-like symptoms in northern China has increased significantly this year compared with the previous year, but it has not exceeded last year or 2017 and 2018 before the epidemic. Because mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can also cause flu-like symptoms, this statistic also reflects the prevalence and scale of mycoplasma pneumoniae to some extent. In short, it is not clear from this data that the number of people infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae is the highest this time.

  Of course, due to the outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae in schools and kindergartens, a large number of patients go to the nearest hospital for medical treatment at the peak of the outbreak, which is really easy to cause heavy pressure on individual hospitals. Therefore, it should be understandable that pediatricians have this impression.

  In fact, most patients who come to the hospital now are mild. So many people go to the hospital and it is easy to run on medical resources. Doctors are tired of coping and there is no way to give the best treatment.

  And the disease is not difficult to treat, and it is not so special. If the doctor suspects that it is mycoplasma pneumonia, azithromycin has been used for 48-72 hours. If the fever has gone down, it will be right. If it doesn’t get better, it should be changed. Most international regulations suggest this, but it is not said that it must be tested first.

  If testing must be done first, the capacity of testing must be increased, and the quality control and supervision of testing reagents must be in place. Moreover, the positive detection of nucleic acid must be combined with clinic or IgM antibody to make an accurate diagnosis. Many places in our country can’t do the first test, so there should be a clear procedure on how to diagnose and treat mycoplasma pneumonia.

  It is necessary to classify diagnosis and treatment to avoid a run on big hospitals.

  The Paper:According to media reports, the daily average number of patients in Beijing Children’s Hospital far exceeds the hospital’s carrying capacity. What do you think of the overload operation of the hospital?

  Jin Dongyan:The main cluster epidemics of these four kinds of diseases occur in schools and kindergartens. Keeping an eye on schools and kindergartens can get twice the result with half the effort. Under the current situation, what we should do is to nip in the bud, find out early and take decisive measures when there is a small-scale cluster infection.

  The risk of hospital overload operation is that increasing the gathering of these sick children in confined spaces will not only increase the risk of transmission, but also make it easier for people who really need treatment to be treated in time, and will also cause panic among the people.

  The Paper:When do you expect this round of infection to peak?

  Jin Dongyan:At present, we only see the sequence of pathogen detection rate, but we don’t see more data. We don’t know how big the infection scale is in Beijing, and we don’t know the data compared with the previous period or the past few years, so it is difficult to make an accurate prediction.

  In fact, there are more than ten other pathogens that cause upper respiratory tract infection or community-acquired pneumonia. The data provided at present only say which ones have been detected, not which ones have not been detected or not. Generally, the proportion of community-acquired pneumonia with unknown causes is 50% or even higher. In winter, we should always be alert to community-acquired pneumonia caused by various reasons, and we should not take it lightly or worry too much.

  According to the data released by the National Influenza Center, the peak of influenza should not have arrived yet.

  According to the oral report of Beijing CDC, the number of children seeking medical treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has dropped from the peak, which may also indicate that this wave of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has entered a downward period.

  The Paper:Now, what can the public do?

  Jin Dongyan:We should use common sense. Our child is ill, and the best care is to relieve his symptoms and then observe him closely. If your child’s body doesn’t show warning signs, don’t go to the hospital, because going to the hospital is easy to cause cluster infection, and most of them will be fine. If the illness is serious, or the child has basic diseases such as asthma, then he should go to the hospital as soon as possible.

  The Paper:What symptoms do you need to go to the hospital in time? Is there a difference between adults and children in the standard of medical treatment?

  Jin Dongyan:Children with persistent high fever for many days, persistent dyspnea (such as depression of intercostal muscles when breathing), wheezing, purple lips, low blood oxygen concentration, unconsciousness, aversion to water, original asthma and other basic diseases should see a doctor in any of the above cases.

  Most healthy adults have experienced influenza or other upper respiratory tract infections, and there is little chance of developing pneumonia. Unless you have a basic disease, you need special attention.

  From the family level, if children are ill, we should pay attention to isolation, especially not to let them contact the elderly, which is best for the elderly. If infected with the elderly, the old people’s original immunity is low, and they may be seriously ill or even life-threatening. The severe mortality rate of the elderly is relatively high, especially in nursing homes.

  The Paper:At present, some parents take their children to the pediatric hospital, but the pediatric hospital is overloaded and the waiting time for treatment is generally long. When treating children’s respiratory tract infections, can we choose a general hospital with a shorter waiting time, and will there be any difference in treatment effect?

  Jin Dongyan:It doesn’t make any difference. Because of these pathogens, only mycoplasma can use antibiotics such as azithromycin, and there are no specific drugs for other diseases, which are mainly symptomatic treatment. There are only a few kinds of drugs that doctors can choose.

  After most infected people have symptoms, they will get better without taking antibiotics. The fever should be reduced, the cough should be stopped, and the allergy should be prevented. If there are any symptoms, symptomatic treatment should be given to alleviate the symptoms, pay attention to rest, and then go to school when you are completely better. The most important thing is not to touch the elderly.

  The Paper:At present, we know that many community hospitals don’t have pediatrics, or don’t have the ability of initial diagnosis, so parents have to choose general hospitals or top three hospitals. What do you think of this situation?

  Jin Dongyan:Common upper respiratory tract infection or pneumonia is not an incurable disease, and medical college graduates with medical training can effectively deal with it. It’s not that you have to find a pediatrician to cure it well.

  The Paper:What is the self-limitation of these four pathogens now?

  Jin Dongyan:After these four pathogens infect the respiratory tract, most of them are self-limiting and self-healing diseases. People susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus are also children, and adults are already immune, so children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups. The susceptible population of mycoplasma is also children, especially school-age children, most of whom are infected when they gather at school.

  The Paper:If there is mixed infection, what are the risks for patients?

  Jin Dongyan:Mixed infections are rare. According to the data in the literature, only less than 10% of community-acquired pneumonia was found to have mixed infection. It is not easy to know whether it is a clinically significant mixed infection. Because many people are asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens. For example, asymptomatic carriers of mycoplasma pneumoniae are infected with adenovirus and cause pneumonia, but the results of mycoplasma nucleic acid are also positive. Whether it is mixed infection or not, which is the main cause, it is difficult to explain by the test results alone.

  "Test before treatment" is not necessary.

  The Paper:Some doctors said in an interview that drugs should be used only after the pathogen is determined. Is this correct?

  Jin Dongyan:It is too idealistic and advanced to identify the pathogen first and then treat it, and even the most advanced areas in the world can’t do this. A few years ago, some regulations about mycoplasma pneumonia suggested this, but now they have all been returned. Because there are not so many reagents, and diagnosis is as good as no diagnosis. If pneumonia comes up, it is necessary to treat it quickly.

  Our country can only complete these tests in large hospitals. Ordinary grass-roots hospitals and some large-scale hospitals do not have the ability to carry out routine tests, or they do not have the ability to carry out rapid tests on a large number of patients in a short period of time, and the quality control of most reagents provided now may not pass.

  Secondly, in many cases, there is no need for pathogen diagnosis. If we insist that all people make pathogen diagnosis before treatment, it may delay the treatment of some critically ill patients.

  In addition, not only these four pathogens can cause pneumonia now, but also more than a dozen pathogens can cause pneumonia, and there is more than half the chance that the pathogens can not be found at all by using existing means. If you must diagnose it, you may have to wait until he becomes seriously ill or can’t be saved. You can’t do this or wait. At the same time, this practice will cause a run on the resources of large hospitals, because we simply don’t have the ability to complete so many tests.

  The Paper:From a scientific point of view, what are the specific detection methods for these four types of pathogens?

  Jin Dongyan:Now basically rely on nucleic acid detection, but our ability of nucleic acid detection is limited, not infinite, and the production of reagents is limited, not infinite. There are many cases where nucleic acid is positive but completely asymptomatic or the symptoms are very mild. As far as mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is concerned, it is more reasonable to take nucleic acid and IgM antibody double positive as diagnostic criteria. According to international norms, outpatients generally do not do pathogen testing, and only inpatients do it.

  The Paper:Uncertainty about the pathogen, is there a risk in treatment?

  Jin Dongyan:According to the rules, it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics for trial treatment, and time is the most important thing.

  Do you have a plan for the flu? No move. Do you have any ideas for other viruses? I didn’t say anything. Antibiotics are not necessary and should not be used for virus infection, but antibiotics should be tried immediately in an emergency when pneumonia occurs and the pathogen diagnosis is still unclear. You can barely use Tamiflu to find out the flu, but can Tamiflu be used frequently now? In fact, Tamiflu is only for people with special needs, and it can only be used at a high price. Not all people with flu have to eat or can eat Tamiflu. Now we can’t even hang up the date, and the monitoring cycle can’t be fast. When we find out the flu or COVID-19, we often miss the best administration time. Of course, if COVID-19 and influenza can be quickly identified or ruled out, it will be very helpful for clinical treatment. However, if we want to detect multiple pathogens separately, it may be time-consuming and laborious, but in the end it will have little effect. Doctors should try antibiotics decisively in combination with clinic and epidemiology, and make timely adjustments according to pathogen diagnosis and other test results.

  Clinically, it is often more important to distinguish between viral infection and bacterial infection. Recent studies have shown that the level of procalcitonin in blood can be used for this purpose. This is actually more practical than detecting pathogens, and it has more clinical guiding significance. It is better to simply measure procalcitonin than to focus on detecting pathogens. If the level is low enough, antibiotics can be stopped as soon as possible in combination with clinical manifestations.

  It is necessary to increase the proportion of vaccination for the elderly

  The Paper:Azithromycin is a specific drug for mycoplasma pneumoniae. Is there any risk if parents give their children azithromycin by themselves?

  Jin Dongyan:Of course there are risks. This is originally a prescription drug, and the world does not recommend giving antibiotics to children by themselves.

  In addition, self-medication may delay the illness. For example, if the patient has the flu, the flu has developed to pneumonia, which is more serious. Give him antibiotics, and he will not be able to eat well, and the treatment of the flu will also be delayed.

  The Paper:What is the efficacy of azithromycin in treating mycoplasma pneumonia? Some patients with mycoplasma pneumonia are resistant to azithromycin, will it affect their rehabilitation?

  Jin Dongyan:Azithromycin is effective against mycoplasma. However, there are many mycoplasma pneumoniae resistant to azithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics in Asia, so it is not necessarily effective to detect azithromycin mycoplasma. In the final analysis, we should try to cross the river by feeling the stones. In case of azithromycin resistance, other antibiotics, including tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, should be used. However, children under 8 years old should not use tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones can still be used.

  The most effective gold standard for judging azithromycin drug resistance is to use cultured mycoplasma for detection, but it is difficult and takes a long time. As mentioned above, it can also be used as a reference index according to whether the fever has gone down 48~72 hours after administration.

  The Paper:Will there be repeated infections with these four pathogens?

  Jin Dongyan:Could be a different pathogen infection. The first time may be adenovirus, the second time may be influenza, the third time may be Covid-19, and the fourth time may be something else. Unless the child’s own immunity is problematic, it is impossible to be infected with the same pathogen many times in a short period of time.

  The Paper:Can the infection of four pathogens be prevented?

  Jin Dongyan:As in COVID-19, keeping social distance, wearing masks as much as possible, washing hands frequently, etc., all return to the basic steps.

  The Paper:Do these four pathogens have corresponding vaccines? How effective is it?

  Jin Dongyan:Only the flu has a vaccine, and the other three pathogens have no vaccine. There is respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in the world, mainly for the elderly, but we haven’t approved it yet. Covid-19, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which may also cause pneumonia, also have vaccines, and the elderly and children should be encouraged to actively vaccinate.

  Influenza vaccine is quite effective, and the international standard is to give it to the elderly. Over the years, 60% of the elderly in Hong Kong have been vaccinated, and COVID-19 and influenza vaccines for the elderly and children are free or subsidized. The vaccination rate of the elderly in the mainland is low, which should be taken seriously.

Pay tribute to "the hope of the whole village"-village doctor! More big moves, a wave of benefits on the road!

  CCTV News:There is such a group, which is called "120" in the village by the villagers. They guard the health of the villagers in the surrounding Shiliba village. When someone gets sick, they are often the first to think of. This group is the village doctor. In Sichuan, the reform of village doctors has quietly begun in the plan of rural revitalization.

  Village doctors walking at an average altitude of 4,200 meters are lonely and helpless.

  Xie Zhourong is a Qiang village doctor in Jubao Village, Xiaoba Town, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province. He has been practicing medicine for 47 years. Xie Zhourong, 66, has passed the retirement age, but if he retires, it will become a big problem for more than 1000 villagers in three surrounding villages to see a doctor.

  Xie Zhourong, a doctor at Jubao Village Health Station, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province: If I retire, the people can only go to big hospitals or go to the street to find medicine stalls to buy medicine.

   Xie zhourong

  According to the statistics of the local health planning department, there are 240,000 people and 310 villages in Beichuan County. Except for the villages where 23 township hospitals are located, there are still 280 villages that need clinics. But at present, there are only 229 village clinics and 235 village doctors, and most of them have reached retirement age. According to statistics before 2016, there are 107 people over 65 who should quit the ranks of rural doctors.

  In the local area, the shortage of village doctors is becoming more and more serious, and it is even more difficult to attract young people to be village doctors. One of the important reasons is low income. Take the village of 55 people with the smallest local population as an example, the income of village doctors is very meager. The annual income of village doctors is less than 8,000 yuan, and it is more than 600 yuan a month.

   Beichuan county

  Reform+improvement to solve the dilemma of village doctors

  Not only Beichuan, but also village doctors in almost all areas of China have the problems of old age, low income and poor medical equipment. During the local investigation, the reporter of "Economic Half-hour" found that some old village doctors began to practice, hoping to inherit the cause of village doctors with the traditional method of taking apprentices.

  Village doctors are not only seriously lacking in quantity, but also obviously lacking in modern medical skills. It is difficult to solve the problem simply by relying on the help of old village doctors. As early as 2014, the local government launched a targeted training program for 100 rural doctors. From the local rural junior and senior high school graduates, 100 students who are willing to go back to their hometowns to be village doctors after graduation are free of tuition and living expenses, and sent to relevant medical colleges in Chengdu for orientation training for 3 years.

  Tang Li, deputy head of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province: The county took out 2.5 million yuan to train 100 directional village doctors. Up to now, 50% of village doctors are young people under the age of 30.

   Village doctor training

  The government is responsible for training, and the main expenses such as accommodation, transportation and auxiliary training required for training are donated by social organizations. In order to further provide medical assistance, a charitable foundation donated 56 computers and 50 oxygen generators and other medical and office equipment; In Mianyang Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County and Guangyuan Cangxi County, some village doctors aged between 45 and 70 are insured for accident insurance; Insure some village doctors under the age of 45 with major illness insurance. In addition, it is planned to spend 200,000 yuan to reward outstanding local village doctors. Cash rewards are divided into three grades: 1000, 2000 and 3000.

  oxygenerator

  According to the statistics of local health planning departments in Beichuan, in recent years, health planning departments in Shandong Province and Kecheng District of Zhejiang Province have donated 1.3 million yuan and 1.1 million yuan of medical equipment respectively. At present, all local village clinics have been upgraded and distributed with some modern medical equipment.

   Modern medical equipment

  Not only the new medical equipment is added, but also the network remote consultation can be realized. No, this village doctor is consulting with the specialists of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital through online video.

  According to the requirements of the national health planning department, all village doctors should reach junior college or above and obtain the qualification of assistant doctors by 2020. The medical level of village doctors will also be greatly improved.

   Remote consultation to see a doctor

  In Cangxi County, a national poverty-stricken county, Liu Hui, a college student rural doctor, has been practicing medicine for 20 years. The 43-year-old Liu Hui is affectionately called "Night Light Angel" by the villagers. During the day, Liu Hui went to the village clinic for outpatient treatment, which was watched by both Chinese and Western medicine. Because of the large number of patients, she got up at 5 o’clock in the morning almost every day and worked until around 7 o’clock in the evening.

   Liu Hui

  Now, Liu Hui is already a deputy chief physician, and he is very famous in the local area. When she first returned to her hometown to start a business, Liu Hui used two old houses in her hometown to open a village clinic, but the medicine had to be bought in towns and villages 7 or 8 kilometers away. Every time he takes medicine, he has to carry it back with a bamboo backpack.

  Liuhuilaojia

  In this way, a little bit of accumulation and a little bit of development, the villagers gradually developed from a little uneasy at first to acceptance and trust. Because of his excellent medical skills, villagers from Shiliba Village came to him for treatment and prescription. Now, the number of outpatients he sees a doctor every day is more than 20 on average. Because there are more patients who see a doctor and provide more public services to nearby villagers, Liu Hui can get more medical expenses and national public service subsidies, which is more secure than the income of ordinary village doctors. While his income is guaranteed, he is also growing personally. His professional title has changed from the initial assistant physician to the current deputy chief physician. At present, he is pursuing his professional title. Liu Hui, a village doctor, has made more young people see hope.

  Tang Li, deputy head of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province: If village doctors have been subsidized by the basic drug system and can’t reach 2,000 yuan per month through public health services and general diagnosis and treatment, the finance will give subsidies so that the monthly salary of village doctors can reach 2,000 yuan. In addition, by purchasing endowment insurance, the worries of young village doctors can be solved. Old village doctors who did not buy old-age insurance and now quit rural doctors have an annual withdrawal subsidy of 1,200 yuan; On-the-job village doctors can buy endowment insurance, and the government will give 40% and 50% subsidies for purchasing endowment insurance according to the purchased endowment insurance.

  [Half-hour observation] Medical care is guaranteed and there is hope in the countryside.

  In order for rural doctors to provide better medical services for rural people, we must improve technology and treatment.

  In the national 13th Five-Year Plan, the government will implement the project of improving the ability of primary health and family planning personnel. According to the plan, 1.4 million rural doctors across the country will receive free training. At the same time, the treatment of rural doctors has also been mentioned on the agenda of reform. In 2018, Guangdong Province implemented the policy of basic salary+personal factor subsidy for rural doctors; Sixian County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province stipulates that the salary level of rural doctors is not less than 3,500 yuan per month. Qinghai Province has improved the multi-channel compensation policy and established the rural doctors’ pension system. 95.1% of the village doctors in the province have participated in the new rural pension insurance, and some areas with better conditions have arranged for village doctors to participate in the employee pension insurance. Rural areas around the country are carrying out reforms around the medical problems in the countryside.

  Reform is to create a new world, which is conducive to the well-being of the general public and the improvement and development of the national industry. With the deepening of reform measures, the improvement of the medical level in rural areas and the improvement of the medical system will steadily become a reality, and only by perfecting these necessities in life can beautiful countryside be truly beautiful and truly usher in greater vitality.