Reporter Liu Xia Bai Xue
On the night of August 10, 1945, Qiao Chunsheng, a teenager, rushed to the front of the Xinhua Daily Business Department on Minsheng Road in Chongqing to buy an extra ticket. The short message "Accepting the Potsdam Declaration and Japan’s Unconditional Surrender" on the extra page immersed Qiao Chunsheng and the whole Chongqing in great joy.
This precious extra number is now displayed in the Xinhua Daily newspaper history museum.
On July 15th this year, the communist party Historical Exhibition Hall in China was officially opened to the public. Two extra exhibits of Xinhua Daily were screened on the Internet: The Japanese Acceptance of Surrender Clause, issued at 4 pm on August 14th, 1945; The Order to Stop the Civil War was issued at 1 pm on January 10, 1946.
"Extra! Extra! " Through the precious numbers of Xinhua Daily, the major news and unexpected events of the past, with the historical temperature and thickness, came to our faces.
"young chinese Heart", giving an extra treasure for 40 years.
Accept the Potsdam Declaration and Japan’s unconditional surrender.
Us news service, San Francisco, August 10th:
Japan has accepted the Potsdam Declaration and surrendered unconditionally!
San Francisco, 10th (Xinhua)-According to news from the United Press Agency this evening, Japan has accepted the Potsdam Declaration urging it to surrender unconditionally.
-Xinhua Daily Extra
Published at 10: 00 p.m. on August 10th, 34.
"Extra! Extra! Japan surrendered! Japan surrendered! "
At 10 o’clock on the evening of August 10, 1945, in the streets of Chongqing, the newsboy excitedly waved the number of Xinhua Daily in his hand. With a clear cry, people rushed up to put money into the newsboy’s hand, cheering loudly while reading the newspaper, and the streets were boiling.
At that time, five days before Japan officially announced its unconditional surrender, the US Information Office first informed China of Japan’s acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. Xinhua Daily and several other newspapers in Chongqing arranged and printed as quickly as possible, and spread the great news of this day throughout the country in the form of extra numbers. This is the first news of Japan’s surrender, and its news value and historical value are self-evident.
No matter where he goes, Qiao Chunsheng always treasures the extra number that was snapped up that night. At the beginning of September, 1985, Qiao Chunsheng, an assistant engineer in Nanjing Yongsheng Internal Combustion Engine Factory, wrote a letter to Xinhua Daily: "I have treasured this Xinhua Daily for 40 years … On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war, I specially donated this historical and educational extra number to the party and the country."
Wu Gan, a 97-year-old reporter of Xinhua Daily, is in good health and has a clear mind. On August 4 this year, he told reporters that he was the deputy head of the data group of Xinhua Daily at that time. After receiving the letter, he immediately went to Nanjing Yongsheng Internal Combustion Engine Factory to visit Qiao Chunsheng and accept the donation. When Wu Gan saw the extra number, "his eyes lit up, and he was very well preserved and undamaged, which was commendable."
As a professional information worker, Wu Gan made textual research. He consulted the relevant materials of Beijing Library and Nanjing Meiyuan New Village Memorial Hall, but there was no extra issue of Xinhua Daily on August 10th. "This shows that this’ extra’ collected by Comrade Qiao Chunsheng has not yet been known to the photocopiers and historical researchers of Xinhua Daily, and it is likely to be an isolated publication in China, which is precious." On September 9, 1985, Wu Gan wrote.
The reporter saw in the History Museum of Xinhua Daily that this extra-numbered book, which has been preserved for 76 years, is printed on bamboo paper, and its ink handwriting is slightly dim. However, the bright title and concise text with super-large font size, especially the publication time accurate to one o’clock, are still exciting to read, which instantly brings people back to that exciting historical moment.
In that "hot August", Xinhua Daily of Taihang conveyed the progress of Japanese surrender to readers in the base area in time with the fastest speed and intensive frequency in the form of a series of extra numbers. The reporter saw seven originals in this series:
"The Soviet Union declared war on Japan and entered a state of war today." On August 9, 1945, Xinhua Daily of Taihang was extra. Chairman Mao made a statement that the Anti-Japanese War entered the stage of counter-offensive. On August 10, 1945, Xinhua Daily of Taihang was extra (No.1). "Tokyo Broadcasting Japan Announces Unconditional Surrender on the evening of 10th", on August 10th, 1945, the Xinhua Daily of Taihang was extra (No.2); Commander-in-Chief Zhu’s Order of Japan’s Unconditional Surrender, August 11, 1945, was published in Xinhua Daily of Taihang (No.3); On the first day of the declaration of war against Japan, the Soviet army crossed the puppet "Manchurian" border, and on August 11, 1945, Xinhua Daily of Taihang was extra (No.5); "The Mongolian People’s Republic declared war on Japan on the morning of the 10th", on August 11th, 1945, the Xinhua Daily of Taihang (No.6); "Japan Accepts Surrender Conditions and the Emperor Guarantees to Implement the Terms of the Potsdam Declaration", August 15, 1945, No.14, Xinhua Daily, Taihang.
These seven precious collections are owned by Zhu Junhua, the executive director of the China Newspaper Association’s Jibao Branch and a red newspaper collector in Gaoyou. At present, they are on loan at the Xinhua Daily Newspaper History Museum, which is the first time that this series has been exhibited in China.
"In the era when electronic media did not appear or have not been popularized, major news happened between the publication of two newspapers. In order to inform readers quickly and timely, extra numbers were born." Chen Yushen, a professor at the School of Journalism and Communication of Nanjing University and an expert in journalism history, said.
There is usually no number outside the number, but the number outside the number of Xinhua Daily in Taihang from August 9 to 15, 1945 has a number. From the original documents we have seen now, it is very rare that 15 issues of the number have been published one after another around the "Japanese surrender" incident. On August 11th alone, there were four extra issues. The two different numbers marked "Night of August 10th, 1945" in the masthead show the extreme pursuit of news timeliness by Xinhua Daily reporters at that time.
"The Taihang edition of Xinhua Daily is perhaps unique in the history of China news, with such a density of continuous publication of numbers." Chen Yushen said.
An extra number kicked off the Chongqing negotiations.
At the invitation of President Jiang, discuss the plan of uniting and building the country.
Comrade Mao Zedong arrived in Chongqing
Hurley, Zhang Zhizhong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei are coming together.
At the invitation of President Chiang Kai-shek of the National Government, Comrade Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Committee of communist party, China, arrived in Chongqing at 11: 00 am today (August 28) with American ambassadors General Hurley, General Zhang Zhizhong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei, and arrived at 3: 45 pm. Those who arrived at the airport were Shao Lizi, Secretary-General of the Political Consultative Conference, Lei Zhen, Deputy Secretary-General, Zhang Lan, Shen Junru, Zuo Shunsheng, Zhang Bojun, Chen Mingshu, Tan Pingshan, Huang Yanpei, Leng Yuqiu and Guo Moruo, and dozens of Chinese and foreign journalists. After Chairman Mao got off the plane, he took photos and made movies with Ambassador Hurley, General Zhang Zhizhong and Comrade Zhou Enlai at the request of Chinese and foreign journalists, and then took a bus to Zhang’s residence. At eight o’clock in the evening, President Jiang will host a banquet in honor of Comrade Mao Zedong.
For details, please see tomorrow’s newspaper
-Xinhua Daily Extra
At 7: 00 p.m. on August 28th, 34, the Republic of China
This is a copy of Xinhua Daily, which is treasured in the National Library. It was published at 19: 00 on August 28, 1945, three hours and 15 minutes after Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei arrived in Chongqing at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek. This extra volume of only about 300 words records the beginning of the "Chongqing negotiations" for the first time.
Zhou Yong, vice president of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Historical Society of China, president of Chongqing Local History Research Association and professor of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, said that in early 1945, on the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, China held two conferences to plan the future and destiny of China. One is the "Sixth National Congress" of the Kuomintang, which insists on one-party dictatorship, which is the private affair of one party. The other is communist party’s "Seven Big". At the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Comrade Mao Zedong made a report on the Coalition Government, proposing "overcoming all difficulties, uniting the people of the whole country, abolishing the fascist dictatorship of the Kuomintang, carrying out democratic reforms, consolidating and expanding the anti-Japanese forces, completely defeating the Japanese aggressors, and building China into an independent, free, democratic, unified and prosperous new country." This idea has been supported by the people of the whole country.
The victory of the Anti-Japanese War pushed China to the crossroads of war and peace, and also created an opportunity for negotiations between the two parties.
On August 14th, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek invited Mao Zedong to Chongqing for talks, and published the invitation telegram in the Central Daily, and then sent two telegrams in succession. Zhou Yong said that the Kuomintang’s calculation is that if Mao Zedong refuses to come to Chongqing for negotiations, it will bear the responsibility of civil war; If Mao Zedong comes to Chongqing for talks, the Kuomintang can use the talks to buy time and deploy a civil war. On August 28th, when Mao Zedong’s plane arrived at Jiulongpo Airport, it shocked the domestic and international. Almost all journalists from all over the world in Chongqing went out to cover this world-famous event.
As the only newspaper of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, Xinhua Daily naturally took the lead and reported the incident first. On the morning of August 28th, Xinhua Daily published a notice that Mao Zedong was going to Chongqing. On the afternoon of the same day, when the the Communist Party of China (CPC) delegation arrived in Chongqing, it grabbed the lead from other media and specially issued the extra number of "Comrade Mao Zedong Arrived in Chongqing".
Chen Yushen told reporters that from the perspective of news history, it is of great documentary value to report the extra number of Mao Zedong’s arrival in Chongqing. This incident was a big news at that time, but not all the newspapers in Chongqing were out of number. The extra number of Xinhua Daily attracts the most attention, because it is the organ newspaper of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and its news is more authoritative and valued by readers. Zhou Yong believes that this supernumerary is important because, on the one hand, it authoritatively reported the news that President Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to participate in the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations at the first time, which showed the courage of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China (CPC) to participate in the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations for the national interests; On the other hand, it opened the prelude to the news war around the Kuomintang-Chongqing negotiations.
During the whole negotiation, the Kuomintang newspapers kept a low profile on the negotiation. Xinhua Daily reported a lot about the negotiation process and Mao Zedong’s activities. Zhou Yong said that during the Chongqing negotiations, Xinhua Daily reported the news of the Kuomintang-Communist negotiations at the fastest speed and responded to the concerns of public opinion at home and abroad; Reported the contents of the negotiations with a clear attitude, showing the difficult course of the negotiations in Chongqing; Mao Zedong’s activities in Chongqing were reported in a comprehensive manner, especially the news that Chairman Mao met with the leaders of the middle parties, people from all walks of life of the Kuomintang, and representatives from all walks of life, including pilots of the US Air Force, which made the image of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leader three-dimensionally presented in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and then in the world, thus leading the press to report the Chongqing negotiations positively and setting a benchmark for the media.
In this news war, public opinion quickly developed in favor of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Progressive public opinion at home and abroad praised Mao Zedong’s great boldness and amazing courage, and praised the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s sincerity in seeking peace. This laid a solid social foundation for winning the liberation war later.
Extreme prescription, the treasure of news and history
"The extra number we see, the news value and the value of the event itself are extremely significant." Cai Fei, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Journalism and Communication, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, said that compared with ordinary newspapers, Xinhua Daily has four characteristics: significance, suddenness, flexibility and timeliness. From a formal point of view, extra pages often use a single page flexibly to briefly introduce news events with eye-catching headlines, which can be regarded as the originator of the current news release "less words and more things".
Cai Fei said that almost every issue of Xinhua Daily is a unique and important historical symbol in the history of China’s revolution and China’s journalism, and reading them can perceive the violent pulse of history.
However, the extra numbers preserved by Xinhua Daily are extremely rare. "Extra numbers are temporarily published between the two issues of newspapers, and most of them are distributed in the form of street selling. Newspaper subscribers may not receive them, and newspapers generally do not save and bind the extra numbers in a bound volume, so there are very few extra numbers that can be seen now." Chen Yushen said.
Most of the extra numbers were left behind by the people, and only after digging and searching by newspaper collectors did they partially surface. Zhu Junhua, one of the nine members of the newspaper collection appraisal Committee of the China Newspaper Association’s Jibao Branch, said that the extra number has extremely high literature value and collection value, and many extra numbers are cultural relics. Like the Japanese Surrender on August 15th, 1945 in jianchuan museum, Sichuan, it was rated as a national first-class cultural relic.
It was confirmed by experts that the number of Xinhua Daily before 1950, in addition to the above-mentioned, included: The Security Declaration signed by China, the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain in the communiqué issued by the Three Kingdoms Conference, and the number of Xinhua Daily on November 2, 1943; The victory of the Anti-Japanese War (positive and negative editions), August 19, 1945, Xinhua Daily; "Our army conquered Zhangjiakou and wiped out seven divisions of Fu bandits", on December 25, 1948, was published in Taiyue Xinhua Daily. "Departure in the Afternoon of the July 7th Parade", on July 7th, 1949, was added to Xinhua Daily. The establishment of the central people’s government, October 1, 1949, Xinhua Daily.
Zhu Junhua told reporters that a few days ago, he got an extra edition of Taiyue Xinhua Daily with good appearance. This supernumerary was published on September 30, 1947, with the title "The National Counter-offensive to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek’s evil rule was successfully launched". The first sentence of the article reads: "The National Counter-offensive of the People’s Liberation Army has begun today …"
