分类： dd

　　This report is compiled in accordance with Article 50 of the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information).

　　I. General situation

　　(a) the implementation of voluntary disclosure requirements. Fully implement the requirements of Articles 19 and 20 of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information, and do a good job in the normalization of government information disclosure and update; Revise the government information disclosure guide in time; Do a good job in maintaining and updating the column of government information disclosure, standardize the disclosure of civil servant recruitment, financial budget and final accounts, government procurement and other information, and accept social supervision. Strengthen the management of government information and actively expand the coverage of active disclosure.

　　(2) Serving epidemic prevention and control. Do a good job in releasing information on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, maintain and update the column of "Beijing COVID-19 Prevention and Control Information" in official website, and release information on the epidemic situation in the capital on time every day to protect the public’s right to know; Timely release relevant policy documents to serve the overall situation of epidemic prevention and control in the capital; According to real-time hotspots, timely push authoritative information such as vaccination, accurate prevention and control, and protection management, compile and update 51 prevention and control guidelines, and compile and distribute more than 7,000 popular science information.

　　(3) Make decision-making public. Through the column of "Solicitation of Opinions" and "Notice Announcement" on the website, the public’s opinions and suggestions on Beijing Blood Donation Regulations, Beijing Rules on Discretion of Health Administrative Punishment, Beijing Detailed Rules on Discretion of Health Administrative Punishment and Notice on the Implementation of Filing System for the Allocation of Class B Large Medical Equipment by Social Doctors in the Pilot Free Trade Zone were widely solicited, and the situation was summarized and fed back in time.

　　(4) Do a good job in policy interpretation in a timely manner. Focusing on the construction of public health emergency management system, patriotic health campaign, elderly health, maternal and child health, the construction of two districts, service and trade fairs and other key work and major activities, we will do a good job in policy interpretation and effectiveness publicity through media communication meetings, press conferences, media interviews and other means. Participated in 62 press conferences on epidemic prevention and control in Beijing, held 4 press conferences at the committee level and 5 media communication meetings, invited the media to interview collectively for 6 times, and received more than 80 media interviews; Weibo’s "Capital Health" released more than 5,000 pieces of information, WeChat WeChat official account’s "Healthy Beijing" released nearly 1,100 pieces of information, and the vibrato short video platform "Healthy Beijing" released nearly 600 short videos; The official website has published more than 5,400 pieces of work information.　　

　　(5) Standardize and make it public upon application. Update the government information disclosure guide in time to ensure the smooth channels for accepting letters, networks and faxes; Face-to-face enthusiastic answer to mass consultation, patiently listen to and help solve mass demands. Strengthen the public examination of legality according to the application, and improve the level of standardization and legal reply. Accepted 207 applications for government information disclosure, and completed 190 applications; 2 pieces of administrative reconsideration by the municipal government maintained our reply.

　　(six) to strengthen the organization and leadership of government information disclosure and capacity building. Taking the disclosure of government information as an important content of administration according to law, the members of the leadership team of the Committee urge the implementation of the business areas in charge according to the division of labor. Improve the working mechanism of government information disclosure, and straighten out the power and responsibility relationship between business departments and information disclosure departments. Strengthen the government information disclosure platform and personnel capacity building, actively participate in the training of relevant departments, and organize regular training seminars within the commission. Give full play to the functions of the laws and regulations departments within the CPC Central Committee, and strengthen the supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure according to law.

　　Second, the initiative to disclose government information

　　Iii. Receiving and handling applications for government information disclosure

　　Four, the government information disclosure of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation.

　　V. Main Problems and Improvements

　　First, the depth and breadth of health information disclosure is not enough. In the next step, we will collect and analyze the public’s concerns about health information through multiple channels, deeply understand the information needs, and strengthen classification and accurate push.

　　Second, the practicality of policy interpretation needs to be further improved. The next step will be to enrich and refine the content of question-and-answer interpretation, which will be easier to understand and more operational; According to the types of policies, chart-based, flowchart-based and animation-based interpretation forms are selected as appropriate to make policy interpretation more thirst-quenching.

　　Vi. Other matters that need to be reported

　　There is no charge for the disclosure of government information in this organ, and the number and total amount of charge notices issued and the total amount actually collected are all zero.　

Toyota has launched many models in the domestic auto market, among which Toyota Erffa has become a nearly "million-class" MPV by increasing the price with its strength. It is worth mentioning that Erffa is basically in a difficult position in its market segment, so this car is quite popular with the rich. In fact, Toyota cars that can’t find rivals, not just Erffa, like Highlander, which is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, also lack a real rival. However, based on Highlander’s product strength and hot-selling degree, many car companies will still become the rivals of Highlander through misplaced competition. For example, Volkswagen Tiguan L takes the route of price differentiation, but now, the brand-new Highlander will usher in a new rival, which is the brand-new Ford Sharp.

In fact, Sharp is also a classic car in the medium-sized SUV market, and it is also an old rival of Highlander. In addition, Highlander has listed a new generation of models before, so it is expected that Sharp will launch a new generation of models. At present, the new Ford Sharp has been declared. From the known product information, we can find that the new car has changed from the inside out compared with the current model, and the new car is expected to be officially listed in the second quarter of 2023. For friends who are not in a hurry to buy a car, they can wait.

Judging from the product information published in the declaration chart, the appearance of the new car looks much younger than that of the current sharp world. Like the front face, the current sharp edge uses a banner-type large mouth grille, while the new car further expands the size of the grille, and the internal middle net is changed to a dotted line design, which will look a lot more refined. The headlights at the two ends of the China Net are designed in a split way, combined with the LED light group with penetrating design. After lighting, the recognition is not low, and with the sporty front bumper, the overall look is quite domineering. However, the appearance of the new Highlander has also been redesigned. Compared with the front face of the previous generation, it will look much younger. However, when the new sharp edge and the new Highlander are put together for comparison, it will be found that the front of the new sharp edge is more youthful and less domineering.

When you come to the side of the car body, you can see the blackened roof, load-bearing columns, and double-color rearview mirrors, which combine different colors of the car body to create a more fashionable two-color car body. When you look down, you can see the front and rear door handles with hidden design, which makes the body more powerful. The two ends of the rear windshield at the rear of the car are also blackened. The penetrating taillights below and the shell are also blackened. Together with the black lower guard at the rear bumper, the sporty atmosphere at the rear of the car is still quite strong.

The interior design has not been announced yet, but it can be known that the new car has a measurement of 5000/1961/1773mm and a wheelbase of 2950 mm. Compared with the measurement and wheelbase of the current Sharp, the size of the new Sharp has increased. We should know that the measurements of the brand-new Highlander are 4965/1930/1750mm and the wheelbase is 2850 mm. By comparison, we can find that the measurements and wheelbase of the brand-new sharp world will be better. In this way, even if the brand-new sharp world provides 7-seat layout, the interior space will not be much worse than that of the brand-new Highlander, and it is indeed hard and rigid.

As for the power, the new generation Sharp may continue to be equipped with a 2.0T engine, matching the 8AT gearbox, bringing the maximum power of 185kW. However, it is reported that the new car may be equipped with a hybrid system in the future, that is, compared with the pure fuel version of Tiguan L, the new Sharp equipped with a hybrid system may bring more direct pressure to the new Highlander.

Summary: From the exposure information of the brand-new sharp world, we can find that this car will look a lot more refined than the brand-new Highlander, but there are still some advantages in size, so we don’t have to worry about the use space in the car, and the new car is likely to provide a variety of power systems, so the product strength is still good. However, considering the brand power gap between Ford Motor Company and Toyota Motor Company, it is really hard to say whether it can really become the new rival of Highlander after the all-new sharp market is listed, and it will cause oppression to it. What do you think?

　　[car home Professional Evaluation] UNI-K, as the flagship model of Changan UNI series, has become a "online celebrity" even though it has not been officially launched. The constant topic is closely related to its flamboyant and high-tech exterior interior design. Not only that, its body size, configuration layout and power specifications all meet the basic characteristics of becoming the "online celebrity" of the rim, but it is not excessive to say that Changan UNI-K has almost taken out all the cards of Changan.

　　Last year, we made the first test of its little brother Changan UNI-T commercial vehicle (click here to view). I think the overall performance is still in line with expectations, but there is a risk of rollover and the acceleration performance is not up to expectations in the limit state of Elk test.

　　This time again, we found it in advance before listing.Commercial vehicles of Changan UNI-K (hereinafter referred to as UNI-K)And tested it in detail.Friends who have been paying attention to car home must have seen the test video released a few days ago, in which some problems have really been exposed in the elk and brake test part of this car. Today, we will analyze the specific situation with words, so the dynamic and test parts are the first to bear the brunt.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

● The throttle is relatively soft in the initial stage.

　　Changan UNI-K uses a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 233 HP and a maximum torque of 390 Nm, which is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission. First of all, it needs to be affirmed that compared with the previously tested Changan UNI-T and CS75 PLUS models, the power calibration of UNI-K has made significant progress. In urban working conditions, the middle and high-speed acceleration performance is good and the output is very smooth. However, if the engine parameters given by the manufacturer are taken as the standard, then this car is really not explosive, which will be described in detail in the later acceleration test.

　　The gearbox is very willing to upshift. Under normal driving conditions, the engine speed has been kept at around 1600rpm. When the driver gives a small power request (maintaining cruising or slowly increasing the speed), the output is relatively stable, and the gearbox is no longer as unstable as that on CS75 PLUS, and the overall logic is improved to some extent. However, the downshift speed is still a short board, and its response and execution speed will still give a "power vacuum period" when the oil is suddenly supplied vigorously.

　　UNI-K’s throttle adjustment makes people feel uncomfortable. When the throttle is lightly pressed, the power has no feedback, but after a little effort, it is very abrupt. There is almost no transition between the two states, which is very nonlinear. For this reason, there are often a lot of situations at the beginning, and the same is true in the AUTOHOLD state. In addition, the brake foot feels soft, coupled with obvious body pitching, if you stop and go in congested road conditions, frequent braking and refueling actions will affect comfort. It is worth mentioning that this throttle characteristic will only be relieved in ECO mode.

　　As you can imagine, UNI-K’s audience is mostly home users, and many people often need to travel, so comfort naturally has a high weight. Even so, UNI-K’s suspension is a little too soft, and it can’t suppress the pitching and rolling of the car body well. Even a small amplitude of high-frequency vibration will make the car body fluctuate, and when it encounters a bridge and turns, the outside of the car body will produce a large roll.

　　Of course, this setting will be eased when running at high speed, and the driving style is somewhat similar to that of traditional American cars. Under the urban working conditions, the suspension can handle the broken vibration and small bumps well, but it is not tight enough to deal with the speed bump and high frequency short wave road, and it will appear vibration and looseness. On the whole, the chassis adjustment of UNI-K is obviously different from that of CS75 PLUS. The latter is firmer and tougher, and the texture is better. The former is softer, but it does not bring better comfort. UNI-K has more inertia because of its huge body and heavy weight. If the suspension can’t pull the body well, it will be difficult to maintain the stability and balance of the body, and the comfort can’t be guaranteed.

　　The upper and lower parts of the steering wheel are flat-bottomed, which is slightly smaller on this medium-sized SUV. The steering feel is not too unexpected, and the strong electronic smell is also the characteristic of many products with the same price. The feedback of road feeling and steering angle is not rich, and the virtual position in the central area is moderate. The steering force provides three modes: comfort, standard and sports. The lightest comfort mode feels more suitable for daily driving, while the steering feel in sports mode will be heavier.

　　When I was engaged in D gear and kept idling, a small amount of high-frequency vibration came from the pedal, which was unexpected. After all, the positioning of this car was not low. However, the engine noise is well controlled, and there will be no too noisy movement in the whole speed. Both tire noise and wind noise are well controlled. When it reaches 120km/h, the wind noise is stronger than tire noise, and the overall quietness is good. In addition, the SONY stereo provided by UNI-K is very powerful, with stereo sound quality and strong sense of surround, which is a plus item.

● Accelerated testing

　　After closing the ESC, the starting speed can be pulled to around 2400rpm, and the power release is very uniform and linear, but the explosive force is not strong. From the traction performance at the start, UNI-K is superior to the previously tested CS75 PLUS and UNI-T models, and much better than Geely Bo Yue PRO, and the ten tests are very stable, and there is no power attenuation. According to the data given by the manufacturer, this engine has a peak torque of 390 Nm, and its parameters have overshadowed many star models with the same displacement, but the sense of body and parameters are quite different.

　　The final test score is 8.83 seconds, which is very good if compared with China brands at the same level. However, judging from its engine parameters, this achievement seems to be not enough. Compared with some overseas brands with better performance, UNI-K still has a certain gap (1.5T crown road acceleration score of 8.56 seconds, 330TSI Tiguan L acceleration score of 8.03 seconds). On the whole, the acceleration level is in line with our previous expectations, and we can also see progress compared with ourselves, which is worth encouraging.

● Brake test-"feet" off the ground

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　UNI-K’s center of gravity is relatively high, and its weight is in the front when it is fully braked, and the front suspension has obvious compression. The downward stroke of the suspension is relatively short, and the rear suspension does not have enough stroke to ensure that the rear wheel is grounded, which leads to the phenomenon that the rear wheel is off the ground during braking. At the same time, the suspension has a long stroke. After all the springs are compressed, the vibration absorber can’t pull the springs, and the reaction force makes the tail bounce. Similar situations are rare in our tests. In addition, even if the rear wheel does not leave the ground, its grounding area is very limited, the grip of the four wheels is unstable, and the body will swing slightly. On the whole, tires played a big role, and the score of 39.12 meters was not bad.

　　In the chassis design, there are concepts of pitch center and rolling center, which determine the suspension geometry of the front and rear pitch and left and right roll of the car body. It is rare for UNI-K to have its rear wheels off the ground during full braking, which is caused to some extent by problems in the geometric design of suspension. After that, we will discuss with the engineers of Changan Automobile, and release the conclusions in time, so that we can pay attention to car home’s articles and Weibo.

● Fuel consumption test

　　In the fuel consumption test, we adjusted the driving mode to ECO mode, driving 102.5km, with an average speed of 30.6km/h, filling 10.58L of No.92 fuel, the apparent fuel consumption was 8.7L/100km, and the measured fuel consumption was 10.3L/100km, which was lower than the recommended value of car home, and performed well.

● Noise test

　　Judging from the test values, the performance of the interior noise of UNI-K is very good, and the results under all test conditions are obviously lower than the recommended values, which is satisfactory. The noise of the original MC6 tire is too high. With the increase of speed, the wind noise at the front windshield also begins to increase. However, on the whole, tire noise and wind noise are relatively uniform, not too prominent.

● Elk test

　　I would also like to emphasize here that in the video comment area of UNI-K, there were some misunderstandings about the elk test, similar to the comment that "ordinary people will drive so fiercely". In daily driving, of course, no one will drive as violently as in the Elk Test, but the significance of the Elk Test is to test the working ability of the electronic system and the stability of the vehicle when the vehicle is in emergency line merging or avoiding obstacles. In principle, it is similar to the vehicle collision test, and it is a safety test that simulates special working conditions. In addition, the final test result is only one of the dimensions to measure the performance of the vehicle, and the response speed of the electronic system, working intensity, vehicle handling, original tire grip and other factors are the most valuable parts in this test.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　Lin Qi thinks: UNI-K’s elk test score (the speed when entering) is not bad in the same class, but the body posture is exaggerated, and there is a risk of rollover in the limit state. From the dynamic performance of zone A entering zone B, UNI-K has a good steering response with the running tires of MC6, but when the vehicle is about to enter zone B and start to turn to the right, it can be clearly felt that the upward stroke of the vehicle suspension system is extremely long, and it is necessary to wait for the shock absorber to be completely compressed before the vehicle starts to turn. At this time, the rapid shift of the center of gravity also throws the high center of gravity of UNI-K to the left. In the case of good tire grip, both wheels on the right side are off the ground, and with the rapid tail sliding and irregular jumping, the danger of rollover is very easy to occur.

　　Due to the appearance of the wheel off the ground, after the intervention, the electronic assistant system can neither pull the vehicle back to the normal driving track nor control the speed well, and finally the speed of driving out of Area B is still maintained at about 60 km/h. Fortunately, before entering Area C, the tires that were originally off the ground recovered their grip, and the vehicle speed decreased. The final test score was 72.1 km/h..

　　Working state of UNI-K electronic assistant system in elk test;UNI-K’s electronic assistant system intervened twice in this test. The first time was when the vehicle entered the B area from the A area. However, with the wheel off the ground caused by the rapid shift of the center of gravity, the role of the electronic assistant system also failed. The second intervention was that after the vehicle reached the second group of piles in Area B, the auxiliary system detected that the vehicle’s trajectory and posture were not controlled, and then the braking force of the left front wheel was increased. It was precisely because of this that the vehicle appeared two wheels off the ground on the right side in Area B..

　　Suggestions on the calibration of UNI-K electronic assistant system;In this class of SUV models, most engineers will calibrate the body stability system very conservatively, and even some luxury brands will not hesitate to have a head-on collision (braked hard when entering area B from area A, locking the right front wheel to make the vehicle slow down to the maximum extent), so as to ensure that the vehicle will avoid rollover or out of control.

　　In fact, UNI-K can also learn from this calibration method, and with the grip performance of MC6 tires and the sensitivity of vehicle steering system, after deceleration, the speed of vehicles entering Zone B is relatively low, and the inertia caused by rapid center of gravity transfer will be controlled accordingly, which greatly reduces the occurrence of wheel off the ground. Finally, the electronic auxiliary system of the vehicle is more efficient, which can not only help to control the speed, but also correct the vehicle trajectory, which greatly improves the active safety of the vehicle.

● Static review

　　Because my colleagues have made a very detailed static analysis of this car before, please click here if you want to see the detailed performance inside and outside the car and compare it with the Tiggo 8 PLUS. Today, we only review this part. The shape of UNI-K is very sci-fi, especially in the front part. The rich geometric matrix air intake grille is very eye-catching.

　　Personally, the side window is a little small, which affects the transparency of the car. Although this design gives the car a strong sense of strength, it also causes the door to look a little high.

　　UNI-K, which is full of sci-fi sense and sporty appearance, is really pleasing. I believe that as long as young people are interested in it, especially the air intake grille at the front of the car is highly recognizable. Although the rear part is a bit cliche, there is nothing wrong with putting popular elements on this new car. Let’s take a look at the interior.

　　In addition to a good visual experience, this full LCD dashboard is also very powerful. First of all, the left screen will display tire pressure, the middle position can display information such as vehicle speed, time, AR real-life navigation, and the rightmost screen can display vehicle information such as streaming rearview mirror, driving mode and engine speed.

　　Although these functions can be displayed on one screen, you can adjust whatever you want to see, but UNI-K’s full LCD dashboard is like a computer split screen, and most of the information about the vehicle can be completely spread out, so you can see what you want directly without any operation, and the actual experience is very good.

　　The functions of the central control panel can be completely assured. Navigation, Bluetooth, car networking, voice recognition control and OTA upgrade are all available, and gesture operation is also provided, which can realize functions such as answering calls, controlling vehicles, adjusting volume, etc., but CarPlay and CarLife interconnection systems are still not supported internally. In addition, the car is equipped with Iflytek voice interactive system, which can wake up through "Hello Xiao An" to help drivers and passengers operate in-car equipment, navigation and other functions.

　　It is worth mentioning that the SONY audio system with 14 speakers places one of the audio sources at the headrest. If you just want to listen to the music by yourself, the driver can turn on the headrest mode, and the sound in other parts of the car will be very low after turning on. Moreover, the loudspeaker can also directly transmit the warning sound in the car to the driver through the sound in this position, and the warning effect is improved.

　　To tell the truth, the static performance in the UNI-K car is satisfactory, and the part that I like most is the full LCD instrument panel, which is large enough to display most of the vehicle information in a tiled way. This is really futuristic, and the configuration is also directly full. Panoramic images, wireless charging, automatic parking, panoramic sunroof and adaptive cruise all appear.

● The seating space is amazing.

　　UNI-K’s front seat adopts an integrated design, but fortunately, the fixed headrest is in the right position for me, and the configuration is very comprehensive. The electric adjustment of the main and co-pilot seats (all standard), seat position memory, heating and boss key functions have all appeared; The rear seat is softer than the front seat, but the cushion is a little short and slightly angled, which is not very good for supporting the legs.

Ride space

● Skylight size

● Storage space

● trunk space

　　In order to gain a foothold in the domestic market, the space inside the car can’t be small. I think Chang ‘an’s designers must understand this point clearly. UNI-K with long wheelbase can be regarded as the best in this class in terms of seating space, storage space and trunk space.

● Full text summary

　　UNI-K has done a good job in the static part. I believe that the futuristic appearance and cockpit will be sought after by many young people, and the configuration and space are clearly arranged. This also shows Changan’s expectations and sincerity for this car, but I think there is still room for improvement in some details of the car, such as ergonomics of the rear seats and whether the central control panel is equipped with an interconnected system.

　　Of course, the problems of UNI-K in the test can not be avoided, and the stability of the limit state is relatively poor, which is very rare in the brake test and elk test. In terms of driving performance, its suspension has good vibration filtering performance, but its support is poor, so it can’t maintain the stability of the car body. Coupled with soft brakes and nonlinear throttle, I think the driving experience of this car doesn’t match its price and positioning. There is no doubt that UNI-K is a online celebrity product, which has gained a lot of attention by relying on the concept of shape design and marketing. As a car company, this is an approach that conforms to the times. However, it seems much more difficult to build a good car than to build a online celebrity. Changan, as the backbone of China brand, should play an exemplary role. Next, we in car home will continue to follow up the testing of UNI-K, and will release the latest progress as soon as possible, so please continue to pay attention. (Photo/Text/Photo by car home Zheng Lei Xie Wei Video Juck Zhang)

AH-100 total score table:

Related links:

1905 movie network news　On November 30th, the "New Era Media Convergence Development Summit" was held in Chengdu as one of the main agendas of the 6th China Internet Audio-visual Conference. Dong Chunian, deputy director of the Network Department of the State Administration of Radio and Television, and leaders and guests from Guangming Daily, Film Channel Program Center, Guangdong Radio and Television Station, Xinhuanet, Mango TV and other media units attended the event, and shared the theme of how to promote the integration and development of traditional media and emerging media in the new era, and improve the media communication power and influence to a greater extent.

At the scene, Wei Li, the chairman of 1905 Film Network, gave a keynote speech on behalf of the Media Integration Center of the film channel, sharing the achievements made by the Media Integration Center in the past year and the future integration development strategy. Chairman Wei Li pointed out that the Media Center has established its own "three persistences" since its establishment, that is, insisting on producing tasteful content, creating quality traffic and realizing a brand matrix.

Since the beginning of 2018, by giving full play to its own film news resources and professional advantages, the film channel has built a micro-blog matrix with five accounts, namely, China Film Report, 1905 Film Network Official Blog, Film Full Decoding, Today Film Review and Film Channel Media Center, supplemented by accounts such as M Video and M Viewing Group. Through different dimensions, styles and forms, it attracts audiences of all ages and triggers hot topic discussions. By the end of November, the total number of fans in Weibo of Media Center Matrix exceeded 13.07 million, and the reading volume exceeded 2.8 billion.

The traffic data is bright, but it is more important for the film channel to integrate media center to spread valuable and quality content through the platform.

Since September, the movie channel has launched a "tough battle against poverty — — "Starlight Action" led Chen Kun, Zhou Xun and other filmmakers to go deep into poverty-stricken counties for investigation, implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the three-year action to win poverty alleviation, and stimulated and strengthened the social responsibility of film actors, especially young film actors. Up to now, there have been more than 30 live broadcasts.

On October 17th, National Poverty Alleviation Day, Rong Media Center also broadcasted the launching ceremony of "Starlight Action" for 12 hours continuously, focusing on tackling poverty. The "National Poverty Alleviation Day Concern Plan" launched in cooperation with this activity has influenced 300 filmmakers to speak together on social media. The reading volume of Weibo topics has increased by 1.9 billion in a week, and the discussion volume has exceeded 14 million.

In addition, in 2018, the Film Channel Media Center also launched a series of positive energy media content products — — Twenty-one young actors performed collectively and gained 290 million readings on Weibo. Ten years after the May 12th Wenchuan Earthquake, the commemorative song "Endless Life" was released, which also gained great influence.

In terms of content, the Media Integration Center always adheres to the theme of China film development, completes professional film activities and programs, and completes communication work to protect the development of Chinese films. In 2018, the film channel hosted live broadcasts of major film festivals including golden rooster award, SCO National Film Festival, Beijing National Film Festival and Shanghai International Film Festival. And through various forms of webcasting, pictures and texts, short videos and media distribution, the major film activities were reported in an all-round way in the form of media.

In June, the special column "The Performer’s Words" of Today’s Film Review returned in the second season. Based on the good reputation and influence of the first season, this column paid more attention to the performers’ virtue and artistry, and the program adhered to its own cultural character, showing the values and honor of the actors as a profession. Since October, in order to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up, the Media Center of the Film Channel has successively launched Today’s Film Review Hong Lun and two excellent columns, both of which express filmmakers’ deep feelings for the times and the development of the motherland from different angles and in different ways.

In addition, Rong Media Center continues to optimize its two mobile products, namely, the movie channel client focusing on movie news, commentary and live broadcast, and the 1905 mobile movie client focusing on movie on demand and data retrieval. Also starting from this year, the Media Center has integrated resources and launched a variety of interview columns, including the in-depth dialogue of senior filmmakers "Pindao Movie" and the positive energy entertainment interview focusing on young actors "Up! "New Power" has been launched one after another, and multi-line distribution has been carried out through the new media.

At the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work held in August 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made major arrangements for the Party’s propaganda and ideological work under the new situation. Under the guidance of the central spirit, the pace of integration and development of domestic media industry will be further accelerated. The new era has given the media a new mission, and it has also given the media new kinetic energy. As a young team, the Film Channel Media Center, which was established just one year ago, will continue to explore and forge ahead in the future.

　　　　　　　　According to Xinhua News Agency, the reporter learned from the State Bureau of Letters and Calls on July 28 that the investigation results of the incident of "collectively drinking pesticides at the gate of the people’s newspaper office" which has attracted much attention have been announced. The relevant departments of Sihong County, Jiangsu Province reflected by the visitors did violate the rules in the old city reconstruction project in 2013. At present, 14 responsible persons, including the county party secretary of Sihong County and the executive deputy magistrate of Sihong County, were punished by party discipline and political discipline.

　　　　　　　　On the morning of July 16th, seven petitioners in Beijing collectively drank pesticides in front of China Youth Newspaper, which aroused widespread public concern. What are they petitioning for? Why do you take such extreme measures to express your demands? In this regard, the reporter followed the Central Joint Inspection Team to investigate in Sihong, Jiangsu Province.

Controversial old city reconstruction project

　　　　　　　　It is reported that the seven petitioners who drank pesticides are all from Qingyang Town, Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, and they are relocated households in the renovation project of Qiganzhuang and the dilapidated area of the overhaul factory in Sihong County. Because they disagreed with the compensation for house demolition and resettlement, they repeatedly reported the situation to the petition departments at all levels from 2013 to 2014.

　　　　　　　　According to the survey, these seven petitioners came to Zhongqing Newspaper twice in the first half of 2014 to seek media attention, but failed. Therefore, when they visited Beijing for the third time in July 2014, they collectively drank pesticides in front of Zhongqing Newspaper.

　　　　　　　　After the incident, the leaders of Jiangsu Province immediately gave instructions to rescue the wounded and organize the special treatment of land acquisition and demolition in the province; The State Bureau for Letters and Calls, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments also quickly formed a central joint inspection team to investigate the places involved.

　　　　　　　　According to a complaint found at the scene of the incident, these seven people were relocated households in the renovation project of Qiganzhuang and the dilapidated area of the overhaul factory in Sihong County in 2013, and petitioned because the compensation for project relocation was too low. According to the materials, there are many illegal acts in the process of promoting the project, and they were once put into a "black prison" during the petition process.

　　　　　　　　According to the survey, the compensation standard for the two renovation projects involved is 2300-2500 yuan/square meter. According to relevant regulations, the compensation for the value of the expropriated house shall not be lower than the market price of similar real estate in the same period. Although the price of resettlement houses built by Sihong County is only 60% of the price of commercial houses in the same area, the price of new commercial houses around the project has reached 3000-3400 yuan/m2, and the compensation standard is relatively low. Especially for relocated households who choose monetary resettlement, it is difficult to buy commercial houses with the same area with compensation, which has caused some relocated households’ dissatisfaction.

　　　　　　　　The reporter also learned that a considerable part of the houses expropriated by the seven petitioners who drank pesticides were used to operate marinated vegetables, cakes, beauty shops and other projects. These petitioners said that their family income would be affected after the houses were expropriated, but the government did not compensate them accordingly.

　　　　　　　　The opposition did not affect the strong promotion of the project. After investigation, these two plots violated the regulations of the Ministry of Land and Resources that the right to use construction land must be "net land" and were sold in the "gross land" state; After the land transfer, the demolition work was started before the publicity of the survey and registration results of the house expropriation was completed; There are even some homeowners who still have objections to the agreement, but the houses are forcibly removed by the relevant departments.

　　　　　　　　A county leader explained that most of the reconstructed plots are dangerous buildings, lacking supporting facilities, and the people have a strong desire to transform, so forced demolition is a last resort. Gao Yuguang, a resident of Sunhe Community, who also belongs to the scope of this dangerous renovation, also confirmed to reporters that when it rains in this area, sewage flows everywhere, and most residents are looking forward to demolition, and they also moved away shortly after the announcement of expropriation. "Everyone was shocked after the accident. These people’s feelings of safeguarding interests are understandable, but they should not take life as a child’s play." He said.

Going to the province to petition, but encountering "halfway interception"

　　　　　　　　According to incomplete statistics, since 2013, seven visitors who drank pesticides have made 29 normal letters and visits about the compensation of the rebuild project through letters, visits and online complaints. However, the contradiction has not been resolved, but has intensified step by step.

　　　　　　　　On September 23, 2013, when 11 relocated households involved in the project were petitioning normally by Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Letters and Calls, they were stopped by the staff on duty at the reception center of Sihong County in the provincial bureau and informed Qingyang Town. Qingyang Town sent staff to take them to a hotel in Sihong County for a talk overnight, and they were not allowed to leave until the agreement was signed. Some people stayed for more than 24 hours. Several petitioners said that the agreement signed under such circumstances was against their true wishes. In May this year, six petitioners who were detained at that time filed a complaint with Sihong County Court to cancel the signed agreement, four of whom were the parties to the pesticide drinking incident.

　　　　　　　　According to the investigation of the inspection team, the petition departments of the state, province and city all handed over several letters and visits to the local authorities in time. However, as the main body responsible for handling letters and visits, the Sihong County Housing and Construction Bureau and Qingyang Town Government failed to respond positively to the petitioners’ demands, but only gave simple answers, and the contradiction escalated.

　　　　　　　　When the road to letters and visits was blocked, the petitioners turned to the media for help. A relocated household who had petitioned with these seven petitioners told reporters that in March and May 2014, they came to Zhongqing Newspaper twice to deliver materials, but the result was nothing. "In fact, the second time we went, we had the idea of drinking pesticides, but we finally gave up the action." He said.

　　　　　　　　Only two months later, these seven people didn’t say hello to their families and didn’t bring their mobile phones, and collectively disappeared from the eyes of the "responsible person" in the village. It was not until the news was overwhelming that everyone knew that they had gone to the China Youth Daily again and fell in front of the newspaper.

Under the new pattern of letters and visits, local governments must earnestly implement territorial responsibilities.

　　　　　　　　In March of this year, the Central Office and the State Council issued the Opinions on Handling Letters and Visits Involving Lawsuits in Law, requiring that letters and visits involving civil and commercial, administrative, criminal and other litigation rights relief should be handled by political and legal organs according to law; On May 1st, the Measures of the State Bureau for Letters and Calls on Further Standardizing the Procedures for Accepting Letters and Visits and Guiding Visitors to Visit Step by Step according to Law was officially implemented, and the higher authorities no longer accept leapfrog visits.

　　　　　　　　Shan Guangnai, a researcher at the Institute of Sociology, China Academy of Social Sciences, said that two major actions in the field of letters and visits show that with the deepening of the reform of the system of letters and visits in China, the pattern of letters and visits has undergone major changes. However, judging from this case, local governments have not adapted to the new situation, and there is a mentality of "waiting, relying and wanting" in handling letters and visits.

　　　　　　　　"In the past, the channels for letters and visits were only smooth in form, but not in practice. The phenomenon of buck-passing between superiors and subordinates and various departments was serious, which seriously affected the relationship between the party and the masses and the credibility of the government; The purpose of promoting the reform of the petition work system and implementing step-by-step visits according to law is to further compact the responsibility of territorial responsibility and related responsible subjects, so that the reasonable demands of the masses can be solved in time at the grassroots level. "

　　　　　　　　On July 22nd, jiangsu provincial party committee made a decision to inform the whole province of this case, demanding that we should learn a lesson seriously, draw inferences from others, seriously reflect on it, and put an end to the recurrence of similar vicious incidents. Fourteen responsible persons, including the county party secretary and the deputy county magistrate of Sihong County, were dealt with by the corresponding party discipline and political discipline.

　　　　　　　　Shan Guangnai pointed out that the new regulations put forward stricter requirements for administration according to law. Local governments should change their working methods that rely too much on administrative promotion, and gradually bring the issue of letters and visits involving law and litigation into the track of rule of law; In view of the complex problems involving a wide range, such as land acquisition and demolition, all departments need to form a joint meeting system to focus on solving related problems and resolve social contradictions in time; Letters and visits departments at all levels should also earnestly shoulder the responsibility of reflecting people’s feelings and voices in a timely manner.

　　　　　　　　"In a society ruled by law, the public should’ safeguard rights according to law’ and the government should’ maintain stability according to law’. The balance point is the law, and the appeal point is the interest. When dealing with specific problems, local governments need to take into account fairness, reasonableness and legality in order to make social contradictions less generated and less intensified. " He said.

　　　　　　　　According to the Beijing police, seven petitioners who drank pesticides are in good health. At present, they are all criminally detained on suspicion of seeking trouble. For more information about this matter, the relevant departments are still investigating further.

If you like collecting newspapers, you may wonder whether your newspaper collection is worth anything. This involves many factors. Here we will discuss this topic and introduce five points you need to know.

The first point is the publication date of the newspaper.Generally speaking, the earlier the newspaper, the higher its value. For example, a newspaper in The New York Times on September 3rd, 1939 can be worth several hundred dollars, while a newspaper in The New York Times on September 3rd, 2009 is only worth several dollars. Therefore, if you collect early newspapers, they are likely to be valuable.

The second point is the content of the newspaper.Some special events, people or articles in the newspaper may affect the value of the newspaper. For example, if you have a The New York Times that reported Lincoln’s assassination, it is likely to be valuable. Similarly, if you have a St. Louis Post that reports the death of Mark Twain, its value will be higher.

The third point is the layout of the newspaper.The layout of some newspapers is very unique or has an important position in history. Such newspapers are often more valuable than ordinary newspapers in the collection market. For example, some newspapers use unique colors and typesetting designs, and these newspapers are likely to sell at high prices in the market.

The fourth point is the rarity of newspapers.If a newspaper is hard to find, its value will be high. For example, if you have a newspaper about President Roosevelt’s announcement that the United States entered World War II, its value will be higher because it is hard to find.

The last point is the preservation state of the newspaper.If a newspaper is well preserved without any damage, its value will be higher. If a newspaper is creased, torn or stained, its value will be reduced accordingly.

After summing up these points, we can draw a conclusion that your newspaper collection may be very valuable, but it may also be worth only a few cents. If you want to know whether your newspaper is valuable or not, you need to consider the above five factors.

　　Block printing is one of the main printing methods of books in the history of China, and it is called "living fossil" in the history of printing. In Hanying Village, Caiyu Town, Daxing District, the ancient skills of block printing and thread-bound book binding have come from history and have been passed down to this day.

　　Hanying Village is located at the southernmost tip of Daxing. The factory of Beijing Huayizhai Ancient Books Printing Co., Ltd. is a large compound with simple and spacious workshops. There are no large printing machines and binding machines in modern printing factories. What you see are pieces of wooden woodcuts engraved with historical marks, piles of plain white and fine rice paper, and book-bound books on the shelves. Here, it’s like riding a time machine back to the ancient book printing workshop in history. All the ancient books that "walk" out from here are printed by hand and bound by thread. This printing factory in the suburbs of Beijing seems ordinary, but it is scattered with the ink of ancient books, recreating the glory of this ancient skill. Ren Baoquan, the general manager of Beijing Huayizhai Ancient Books Printing Co., Ltd. and the fourth generation non-genetic inheritor, enthusiastically introduced their main business. After listening to him, people felt more and more that this ancient skill won glory for our country and glory in international exchanges.

　　?

　　On September 18th, 2021, five batches of representative lists of municipal intangible cultural heritage were approved.

　　Up to now, it also undertakes the printing and binding business of thread-bound ancient books in many large libraries and museums across the country. Yongle Dadian, Qianlong tripitaka, Dunhuang suicide note, catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu, Ten Bamboo Grottoes Notes, Rare Books of Chinese Reproduction, Legend of Hongxue karma … All the famous names in ancient books have been "reborn" here. In Ren Baoquan’s words, "60% to 70% of the country’s ancient book engravings have been here."

　　Engraving and printing technology was invented in the 7th century AD, and it once had a glorious stage in history. The book of Song Dynasty was once called "a page of gold" by historians. Darani Jing, which was printed by block printing in China, was engraved between 704 and 751, and it is the earliest block printing known at present. The Diamond Sutra, which is now collected in the British Museum in the 9th year of Tang Xiantong (868), was created by Wang Jun for his second parents. It is the most complete printed engraving with a date in China. This printed engraving is exquisite, skillful in knife cutting, thick and well-balanced in ink color, simple and dignified in graphics and text, and clear and distinct, which shows that the printing technology of engraving in China has reached a high level.

　　After entering the 9th century, engraving and printing technology has been widely used in China. During the Five Dynasties, not only did the folk engrave books, but the government also engraved Confucian books on a large scale. According to records, from the third year of Changxing in Tang Mingzong (932) to the third year of Guangshun in the later Zhou Dynasty (953), 130 volumes of Nine Classics, Five Classics and Nine Classics were engraved. In the Song Dynasty, the development of block printing technology reached a new height, and the technology was perfected, and movable type printing was invented. However, block printing was not completely replaced by movable type printing, and it still occupied an important position in the printing industry in ancient China, especially in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Jianyang, Fujian Province and Chengdu, Sichuan Province. In the fourth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (971), Zhang Tu-xin carved and published all the Tripitaka in Chengdu, which took 22 years, including 1,076 books and 5,048 volumes, and there were as many as 130,000 engravings, which was the largest book in the early printing history. The Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties basically inherited the engraving and printing technology of the Song Dynasty. There are not only officials at all levels, but also academies, bookstores and individuals engaged in engraving books, which are distributed in the classics, history, books and collections.

　　Beijing Huayizhai Ancient Books Printing Co., Ltd. Ren Baoquan inherited the engraving, printing and thread-bound book binding skills, and its historical origin can be traced back to Furuntang. Furuntang was established in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). The shopkeeper Wang Futian was from Shulu, Hebei Province. At the beginning of its opening, most of its business was related to books in the Qing Palace. In 1907, Dong Jinbang became an apprentice in the second-hand bookstore of Furuntang in Beijing, and was recognized as the first generation main inheritor of this skill.

　　Ancient books are not only books for people to read, but also works of art that can be collected and gifts for friends, so the craftsmanship is very particular. Engraving, printing and thread-bound book binding skills are the condensation of several excellent traditional crafts of China, such as papermaking, inking, engraving and copying in China, which finally formed this unique cultural craft of China. At least 20 processes including writing, engraving, printing, folding, page matching, column alignment, cutting, corner wrapping, stitching, gluing, labeling, etc. The tools needed for engraving and printing and binding of newly printed ancient books with thread are writing brush, bristle brush, inkstone, ink, felt board, engraving, paper twisting, scissors, folding plate, etc. The styles of engraving and printing are mainly paper, fine folding, butterfly, gold inlaid jade and square book.

　　Nowadays, except for the first writing process, which can be replaced by modern technology such as computer printing, the other processes need to be carried out manually. This manual work looks simple, but in fact it is very complicated in technology. Writing and publishing sample jargon on paper is called edition writing. After edition writing, it is necessary to correct it, check whether there are any mistakes in writing, and then carry out reverse extension after confirming that there are no problems.

　　There are more than 20 kinds of books printed by Huayizhai engraving, such as Yongle Dadian, Tripitaka, Dunhuang suicide note and sample Lei Tudang. More than 10 kinds of printing plates are created by traditional methods every year. In addition to its own 500-square-meter exhibition hall for the intangible cultural heritage of Huayizhai, in recent years, it has participated in more than 100 exhibition activities such as the Beijing Cultural Fair and entering the community.

　　Ren Baoquan said, in fact, there are very few craftsmen among them who can carve woodcuts alone, and those who have this craft can only tinker with ancient woodcuts because there is no "work". Now, engraving and printing have entered the school classroom. After being rated as a district-level intangible cultural heritage in 2014, Ren Baoquan and old craftsmen began to walk into the characteristic school attached to Beiyin Primary School to explain this ancient skill to students and experience the unique charm of intangible culture.

　　Ren Baoquan is planning to build his own engraving and printing museum-Huayizhai China Aiyin Academy. "I have more than 20,000 woodcuts, and the value of woodcuts lies in its cultural communication function. If it can’t spread culture, it’s just a pile of carved boards. Although it is carefully protected, it will eventually corrupt and disappear. Only by using them and printing books can their value be reflected. " Ren Baoquan said that his planned woodblock printing museum will show the whole process of woodblock printing and allow visitors to participate in the printing process. "I’m collecting pear boards used in block printing, inviting old craftsmen back, turning block printing into a cultural and creative industry, allowing people to truly experience the block printing technology and spread this cultural treasure of China." It is Ren Baoquan’s wish to pass on the skills of block printing and thread-bound book binding from generation to generation, and it is also widely expected.

spring

Know the custom and taste the year.

festival

Traditional customs of the 29 th lunar month

NEW YEAR

Happy the Year of the Loong.

Today is the twenty-ninth day of the twelfth lunar month. On the twenty-ninth day of the twelfth lunar month, the folk customs in different places are different. As the old saying goes, "One steaming, two cooking and three sweeping". So what are these customs on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month? What are the historical origins?

Spring

Festival

Twenty-nine, steamed buns

#1

The folk song "Twenty-nine, Steamed Steamed Steamed Bread", people give full play to their imagination and make steamed bread into various shapes such as peach and small animals. In the past, steamed buns were not made casually, but carefully prepared and carefully, because the steamed buns had to be exchanged with neighbors on blind dates, so they must be made to look good and delicious, which was auspicious and very particular.

In Jiaodong, Shandong Province, steamed buns are to be steamed on the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, which is as important as wrapping jiaozi in the Lunar New Year’s Eve. No matter how busy you are, every household should steam a few pots. "I made a festive steamed bread last year and made a bigger harvest next year." This is Jiaodong people’s blessing for the New Year. In other areas, steamed flower rolls, bean bags and steamed buns are needed on this day, and several pots of good wine are needed in ancient times.

People in the north steam steamed buns and bean bags on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month, while some areas in the south will make rice cakes on this day. "The whole family, old and young, worshiped and enjoyed eating the rice cake". The rice cake was fragrant, but it was hard to make. First, we selected the best hybrid rice and glutinous rice as the main ingredients, added various ingredients, steamed it, put it in a mortar, and several people took turns pounding it for 15 minutes. When the rice cake became soft and glutinous, it was considered as a success.

#2

Twenty-nine, go get some wine

Spring

Festival

Wine is a symbol of culture in China. In The Book of Rites, it is said that "drinkers support the elderly, so they support the sick." This kind of thing, wine, is the essence of grain. Of course, ancient wine is very different from modern wine, basically like rice wine or fermented grains now; "Yin Ruins Text Category Compilation" said that "the word wine contained in Oracle inscriptions is the name of sacrifice. The archaeologist recommended the ancestral temple when the wine was ripe, and then the son of heaven and his ministers drank it in the DPRK. " The ancients had already started offering sacrifices to their ancestors with wine, which shows that the custom of drinking alcohol in this festival has been circulating for a long time.

On this day, the family went to host a banquet. First, they thanked their neighbors for their usual care, and they were going to keep their old age during the Chinese New Year, one day in advance, and they were respectful. Secondly, on this day, people in the pre-Qin period are already doing this by going to the ancestral graves to welcome their ancestors and offering offerings, imitating the culture of ancient times and inheriting that spiritual sustenance.

Spring

Festival

29,

Go to the grave and ask your ancestors to make a big confession.

#3

The twelfth lunar month is a month for offering sacrifices to ancestors. The Book of Rites says that "the month of Meng Dong, the ancestors of Menlu La were worshipped for five times", and Zuo Zhuan says that "the great event of the country is to worship and conquer". In ancient times, the ancestors of the Central Plains were all agricultural peoples, living and working in peace and contentment, and they were often harassed by nomads. Everyone was trying to survive. This is what Rong said about the north.

In the Han Dynasty, resisting the Huns was a matter of vital importance to the country. Like Rong in Zuo Zhuan, it was to fight to defend one’s homeland. Defending our country and offering sacrifices to our ancestors are equally important in the eyes of our ancestors, which is why China paid so much attention to filial piety culture in ancient times, and now everyone’s inheritance is also such a cultural continuation.

One of the most important aspects of filial piety culture is offering sacrifices to ancestors. Where did it come from without inheritance? The reasons why people worship their ancestors are, firstly, the inheritance of filial piety culture, secondly, not forgetting where they come from, and thirdly, educating future generations and not forgetting the glory and suffering of their ancestors. In future life, we should remember the teachings of our ancestors and avoid many crooked roads.

joyous

joyous

happy

happy

pass

big

year

The lunar calendar in China is divided into big and small months. The big month is 30 days, and the abortion is only 29 days. If the twelfth month is a miscarriage, the 29th is the last day, that is, New Year’s Eve. Everything to welcome the Spring Festival must be ready before this day. In the whole festival, the 29th is the busiest day. In addition, if the twelfth lunar month is a big month, the 29th of the twelfth lunar month is called a small division, that is, the New Year’s Eve is called a big division, that is, the New Year’s Eve.

Original title: "Folk custom over the New Year | Traditional custom of the 29th twelfth lunar month"

Read the original text

CCTV4 national treasure archives news, China’s ancestors made our descendants proud and surprised the world. Everyone knows the four great inventions, but you may not know how many worlds were the best in ancient China …

1. The earliest planting of rice and millet.

As early as 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, during the matriarchal clan commune, rice and millet had been planted in China.

2, the earliest invention of sericulture and silk weaving.

As early as four or five thousand years ago, during the patriarchal clan commune, China began to raise silkworms for reeling, and the prevention and control technology made new progress.

3. Paint has the longest history.

Red lacquer bowls were unearthed at Hemudu site in primitive society. Lacquerware manufacturing in Shang and Zhou Dynasties has reached a high level.

4, the use of words, the longest circulation time.

Chinese characters are still the only ancient characters widely used in the world. Chinese characters came into being from the end of primitive society to the early slave society, and by the time of Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions had become a relatively mature character.

5, the longest date method

As the greatest achievement of the calendar of Shang Dynasty, the method of keeping the date of the year by the cadres and branches is the longest one in the world.

6, the earliest recorded solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.

Records of early solar and lunar eclipses in China are kept in the relevant historical materials of Xia Dynasty and Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. This is also the earliest existing record in the world.

7, the earliest invention of cast iron softening technology.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the softening treatment technology of cast iron created by our people was more than two thousand years earlier than that in Europe.

8. The earliest record of Halley’s comet.

The Spring and Autumn Annals records that in 613 BC, "a star entered the Beidou", which is recognized as the first exact record of Halley’s comet in the world, more than 600 years earlier than in Europe.

9, the earliest establishment of the 19-year seven-leap calendar.

The legislation in the Spring and Autumn Period has formed a fixed system, basically establishing the principle of seven leaps in nineteen years, 160 years earlier than in the West.

10. The earliest astronomical works

During the Warring States Period, Gan De, a Chu man, and Shi Shen, a Wei man, each wrote an astronomical work, which was later collectively called Gan Shi Xing Jing, which contained rich astronomical records.

11, the earliest use of plows

In the Western Han Dynasty, plow walls were installed on plows, which was more than 1000 years earlier than in Europe.

12. The earliest sunspot record

The Five Elements Records in Hanshu states: "In the first year of Emperor Heping of the Han Dynasty (28 BC), March was over (18th), and the sun was yellow, with black gas as big as money, and it lived in the center of Japan." This record about sunspots in the Western Han Dynasty is recognized by the world as the earliest record about sunspots.

13. The most advanced applied mathematics

Nine Chapters Arithmetic, a mathematical monograph written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, introduced many arithmetic propositions and their solutions in nine chapters. It was the most advanced applied mathematics in the world at that time, marking the formation of a complete system of ancient mathematics in China.

14, the earliest seismograph to determine the earthquake orientation.

The seismograph invented and manufactured by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, can remotely measure the direction of earthquakes thousands of miles away, more than 1,700 years before Europeans made it.

15, the earliest invention of anesthetics

Hua Tuo, a "magical doctor" at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, extracted and made hemp boiling powder from plants, which was suitable for surgery, more than 1,600 years earlier than in the West.

16. The earliest invention of papermaking

There was paper in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the paper with maps unearthed in Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu Province is the earliest known paper in the world. In 105 AD, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty improved papermaking and made cheap and easy-to-write paper. And the raw materials are easy to get, so it is called "Cai Hou Paper".

17, the earliest accurate calculation of pi.

Liu Wei, a mathematician in Wei and Jin Dynasties, put forward a correct method to calculate pi by using limit theory. Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties accurately calculated pi between 3.1415926 and 301415927, which was nearly a thousand years earlier than that of foreign countries.

18. The longest and earliest canal

From 605 to 610, Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center, connecting Zhuojun (now Beijing) in the north and Yuhang (now Hangzhou) in the south, which is the earliest and longest Grand Canal in the world.

19. The largest seagoing ship

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China was able to build the largest seagoing ship in the world at that time. When passing through the Persian Gulf, it had to change boats, so it was known as the "overlord of the sea".

20. The earliest bank

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the counters specialized in the deposit and lending of money, which was the earliest prototype of banks in China, six or seven hundred years earlier than the financial institutions in Europe.

21, the earliest invention of printing

When Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was in the reign of Emperor Wen, he "abandoned the image and left the classics, and ordered them to be carved, which was the beginning of printing books". During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were carved Buddhist calendars and books. The Diamond Sutra, which was printed in 868 in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world. In the middle of the 11th century, Bi Sheng, a commoner in the Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing, more than four centuries before Europeans.

22, the earliest invention of gunpowder and its application in the military.

In the books of the mid-Tang dynasty, the formula of gunpowder has been made. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military, and the rocket was the earliest gunpowder weapon. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the tubular firearm "musket" was invented, which was the earliest primitive rifle in the world and created a new stage in the history of human warfare.

23, the earliest measurement of meridian length and the earliest discovery of star movement.

An outstanding astronomer in the Tang Dynasty, Monk and his party, were the founders of measuring the meridian length of the earth by scientific methods in the world, about 90 years earlier than foreign countries. Monks and his party also created a zodiac travel instrument to observe the position and movement of the sun, moon and five stars. Through observation, a line found the phenomenon of star position movement. This is nearly a thousand years before the British astronomer Harley put forward the idea of stars’ self-motion in 1718.

24, the earliest pharmacopoeia issued by the state.

Tang Materia Medica, edited by Tang Gaozong, is the earliest pharmacopoeia in the world and issued by the state.

25. The oldest ancient arch bridge

Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.

26. The biggest art treasure house

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is one of the largest art treasures in the world, with more than 1000 caves, in which statues of Buddha with different expressions are shaped and murals with golden walls are painted. Among them, caves in the Sui and Tang Dynasties accounted for 67/10.

27. The compass was first invented and applied to navigation.

During the Warring States period, people used the characteristics of magnet guide ratio to make a guide tool-Sina. After constant transformation, Sina made a compass in the Song Dynasty, and it was first used in navigation. Compass has been widely used in navigation traffic in Song Dynasty.

In the 13th century, the compass was introduced to Arab and European countries. Compass is used in navigation, which has greatly promoted the exchange and development of world economy and culture. At the same time, it also provided important conditions for European navigation to discover America and realize global navigation.

28. Determine the annual cycle at the earliest.

Guo Shoujing was an outstanding astronomer in the Yuan Dynasty. He presided over the compilation of the Chronology Calendar. The period of one year was basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but the current Gregorian calendar was 300 years earlier.

29. The earliest ocean voyage

From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He made seven voyages, visited more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa as far as possible. Its scale, duration and voyage are unprecedented in the history of world navigation. He was more than half a century earlier than the ocean voyage of European navigators.

30. The earliest description of limestone dissolution landform.

In Xu Xiake’s Travels, a geographer of Ming Dynasty, the observation and description of limestone dissolution landform was about two centuries earlier than that in Europe.

31, the earliest discussion of beriberi.

Sun Simiao, a medical doctor in the Tang Dynasty, recorded in Qian Jin Fang that almond, Evodia rutaecarpa, Sichuan pepper and chaff containing a large amount of vitamin B could be used to treat and prevent beriberi, which was very advanced at that time. It is almost a thousand years earlier than the first discussion of beriberi in Europe.

32. The earliest use of paper money

"Jiaozi" was created in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was the beginning of the use of paper money in China and the earliest paper money in the world.

33, the earliest discovery of geomagnetic declination

Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, discovered the phenomenon that the magnetic needle points due south and slightly east, which is the earliest record of geomagnetic declination, more than 400 years earlier than that in Europe.

Original title: Culture | The 33 greatest inventions in the world in ancient China are amazing!

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