标签： 南京梧桐客栈夜网

Respiratory infection is prevalent, microbiologist： Most of them are self-limited diseases, so we should pay attention to the elderly.

　　At the press conference held on November 26th, Mi Feng, spokesman of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that monitoring showed that influenza was the main respiratory infectious disease in China recently. In addition, rhinovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and other pathogens caused it.

　　"Influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae and rhinovirus are all known viruses or bacteria, and humans have coexisted with them for thousands of years." Jin Dongyan, a microbiologist and professor at Li Ka-shing Medical College of HKU, said in an interview with The Paper that people are very familiar with the characteristics of these pathogens, and most of them are self-limited diseases. A considerable number of healthy adults are immune to these pathogens, and there are no signs of super-large-scale outbreaks or significantly enhanced pathogenicity.

　　Lu Mengji, a German virologist of Chinese descent, also told The Paper that it is understandable that respiratory infections have increased after the management of the epidemic was lifted. In the first half of this year, children’s hospitals in Germany were also overcrowded. In his view, as the temperature drops, the pressure on hospitals in southern China may also increase, and it is suggested to protect vulnerable people through vaccination.

　　Jin Dongyan believes that the susceptible groups of the above pathogens are mainly the elderly and children. At present, it is necessary to nip in the bud. "Keep an eye on schools and kindergartens, find out early when there are small-scale cluster infections, and take decisive measures to effectively level the epidemic curve, reduce the total number of infected people, and at the same time reduce the pressure on medical institutions." In addition, the family should pay attention to the elderly with low immunity. "Children are sick, so we should pay attention to isolating the elderly." He suggested vaccinating the elderly and paying special attention to the elderly in nursing homes.

　　Previous public information showed that the number of patients in many children’s hospitals in Beijing was running at a high level and even overloaded. At the press conference on the 26th, Mi Feng suggested that large hospitals are crowded, with long waiting time and high risk of cross-infection. If there are children with mild symptoms at home, it is recommended to go to primary health care institutions or general hospitals for pediatric treatment.

　　Jin Dongyan also advocated that people should not gather in large hospitals for treatment. Gathering children is not only easy to cross-infect, but also may lead to the failure of timely treatment of critically ill patients.

　　In Jin Dongyan’s view, most of these pathogen infections are symptomatic treatment. It is not necessary to detect and determine the pathogen before treatment. "The most advanced areas in the world can’t do this." At present, only large hospitals in China can complete testing, and most primary hospitals can’t. "Time is the most important thing", if we wait for the test and then treat it, it may delay the treatment and cause the resources of large hospitals to be squeezed.

　　At the aforementioned press conference, Mi Feng said that all localities should scientifically coordinate medical resources, implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system, adjust their strength across disciplines and hospitals, give play to the role of medical associations, and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of general infections and the efficiency of severe identification and referral; It is necessary to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in key crowded places such as schools, child care institutions and nursing homes, and reduce the flow of personnel and visits. He reminded everyone that it is necessary to adhere to the sanitary habits of wearing masks, ventilation and washing hands frequently, and advocate key groups such as "one old and one small" to actively vaccinate relevant vaccines. When you have respiratory symptoms, you should be well protected, keep a social distance, and avoid cross-infection in your family and unit.

　　[The following is a conversation between The Paper and Jin Dongyan]

　　"These diseases are not difficult to treat, and they are not so special."

　　The Paper:In your opinion, is the main pathogen prevalent in recent respiratory infections new?

　　Jin Dongyan:The current situation is not consistent with the epidemic characteristics of new pathogens. First of all, there is no evidence that there is a new virus in the information released by the CDC and the Health and Health Commission. Judging from a professional point of view, if a pathogen mainly infects children, it is basically a known or past epidemic virus or bacteria. Because adults have been infected before and have immunity, adults can’t be infected or the symptoms of infection are mild or even completely asymptomatic, while children have never been exposed to this pathogen before and have no immunity, so the number of children infected is large and the impact is relatively large. Fortunately, children are infected with these pathogens, and most of the symptoms are not serious.

　　The Paper:Wang Quanyi, deputy director of Beijing CDC and chief expert of epidemiology, said in an interview recently that according to the latest monitoring data, the epidemic intensity of mycoplasma pneumoniae dropped to the fourth place, with the top three being influenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.

　　Jin Dongyan:According to the data released by China CDC, the northern part of China is on the rise of seasonal influenza, which has not reached the peak yet, and should gradually reach the peak in the next few weeks. The South is just beginning to take the lead, while Hong Kong is over, which is below the baseline level.

　　All the four pathogens are known viruses or bacteria, and their epidemic characteristics, severity and severity ratio are also known. Humans have lived with them for thousands of years, so we can say that we know the root of them. We have never had a devastating epidemic in the past, and there is no sign that this will happen this year. This is a basic judgment.

　　About half of people are immune to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and its infectivity is not so strong-it is usually transmitted in a crowded or closed environment after very close contact, such as eating and drinking together. Its basic reproductive rate is only 1.7, which is much lower than that of Omikjon strain in Covid-19.

　　From the point of view of public health, the disease control department mainly needs to deal with the cluster epidemic to prevent its scale from expanding, and if the intensity is achieved, many outbreaks can be reduced.

　　The Paper:Which age group are the susceptible people of these four pathogens? Is there any difference in clinical manifestations after infection, and what damage will it cause to the body if it is serious?

　　Jin Dongyan:Almost all susceptible people are children and the elderly.

　　There is little difference in clinical manifestations. In terms of drug treatment, influenza has specific drugs, such as Tamiflu and oseltamivir. There is no specific medicine for respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus or rhinovirus. Mycoplasma pneumoniae can use azithromycin and other antibiotics. However, most influenza patients do not need to use Tamiflu or oseltamivir, and most children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae do not need azithromycin. Patients who only have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and have been in good health in the past generally do not need to take antibiotics. Not all patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae positive must use antibiotics. Even in hospitals that have the conditions for testing, antibiotics are not needed for those infected with mild symptoms.

　　Of course, after using antibiotics, the number of bacteria in droplets decreases, which can reduce the spread. Whether to use antibiotics or not is a clinical judgment made by the attending doctor. As long as the doctor judges that the patient has or will have a high possibility of mycoplasma pneumonia, even if there is no pathogen test result, the drug should be given on a trial basis, and then whether the patient has a fever for 48 to 72 hours should be observed. If the fever has gone down, you should use it correctly, and if it hasn’t, you should change your tactics. This is the treatment procedure for mycoplasma pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonia. This judgment should be made by a professional doctor in combination with clinical symptoms and the presence or absence of basic diseases (such as asthma).

　　In fact, children’s hospitals, general hospitals, pediatrics or community hospitals without pediatrics can make correct judgments as long as they are adequately trained pediatricians or general practitioners. Parents with medical knowledge can of course make their own judgments and make wise choices for their children whether and how to seek medical treatment.

　　Most people infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae are asymptomatic or mild, and only 3%-10% of infected people will have pneumonia. Most infected people with pneumonia are mild, and their prognosis is good. It should also be made clear to everyone that not everyone will be seriously ill and everyone will go to hospital.

　　The Paper:In what season are these four pathogens prevalent?

　　Jin Dongyan:Generally speaking, it will be popular all year round, but it will be more serious in winter, especially in the northern region, which is also a known feature in the past.

　　The Paper:A doctor in Beijing was interviewed and mentioned that he has been engaged in pediatric diagnosis and treatment for more than 20 years. This time, the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the highest.

　　Jin Dongyan:In the post-epidemic era, when foreign influenza virus and syncytial virus broke out together with Covid-19, many doctors said that it looked more serious than ever. Is it actually worse? The answer is none.

　　You should look at the data of the whole city or the whole country. Up to now, there are not many places in China that have the conditions to do mycoplasma pneumoniae testing, and it may be impossible to test it at the district-level hospitals, and it is also inaccurate. How do you know if something happens to you? Plus mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is mostly asymptomatic. Without the test data of the past years, it is actually impossible to know whether this wave has the largest number of infected people.

　　From the weekly influenza report released by the National Influenza Center, it can be clearly seen that the number of cases with flu-like symptoms in northern China has increased significantly this year compared with the previous year, but it has not exceeded last year or 2017 and 2018 before the epidemic. Because mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can also cause flu-like symptoms, this statistic also reflects the prevalence and scale of mycoplasma pneumoniae to some extent. In short, it is not clear from this data that the number of people infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae is the highest this time.

　　Of course, due to the outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae in schools and kindergartens, a large number of patients go to the nearest hospital for medical treatment at the peak of the outbreak, which is really easy to cause heavy pressure on individual hospitals. Therefore, it should be understandable that pediatricians have this impression.

　　In fact, most patients who come to the hospital now are mild. So many people go to the hospital and it is easy to run on medical resources. Doctors are tired of coping and there is no way to give the best treatment.

　　And the disease is not difficult to treat, and it is not so special. If the doctor suspects that it is mycoplasma pneumonia, azithromycin has been used for 48-72 hours. If the fever has gone down, it will be right. If it doesn’t get better, it should be changed. Most international regulations suggest this, but it is not said that it must be tested first.

　　If testing must be done first, the capacity of testing must be increased, and the quality control and supervision of testing reagents must be in place. Moreover, the positive detection of nucleic acid must be combined with clinic or IgM antibody to make an accurate diagnosis. Many places in our country can’t do the first test, so there should be a clear procedure on how to diagnose and treat mycoplasma pneumonia.

　　It is necessary to classify diagnosis and treatment to avoid a run on big hospitals.

　　The Paper:According to media reports, the daily average number of patients in Beijing Children’s Hospital far exceeds the hospital’s carrying capacity. What do you think of the overload operation of the hospital?

　　Jin Dongyan:The main cluster epidemics of these four kinds of diseases occur in schools and kindergartens. Keeping an eye on schools and kindergartens can get twice the result with half the effort. Under the current situation, what we should do is to nip in the bud, find out early and take decisive measures when there is a small-scale cluster infection.

　　The risk of hospital overload operation is that increasing the gathering of these sick children in confined spaces will not only increase the risk of transmission, but also make it easier for people who really need treatment to be treated in time, and will also cause panic among the people.

　　The Paper:When do you expect this round of infection to peak?

　　Jin Dongyan:At present, we only see the sequence of pathogen detection rate, but we don’t see more data. We don’t know how big the infection scale is in Beijing, and we don’t know the data compared with the previous period or the past few years, so it is difficult to make an accurate prediction.

　　In fact, there are more than ten other pathogens that cause upper respiratory tract infection or community-acquired pneumonia. The data provided at present only say which ones have been detected, not which ones have not been detected or not. Generally, the proportion of community-acquired pneumonia with unknown causes is 50% or even higher. In winter, we should always be alert to community-acquired pneumonia caused by various reasons, and we should not take it lightly or worry too much.

　　According to the data released by the National Influenza Center, the peak of influenza should not have arrived yet.

　　According to the oral report of Beijing CDC, the number of children seeking medical treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has dropped from the peak, which may also indicate that this wave of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has entered a downward period.

　　The Paper:Now, what can the public do?

　　Jin Dongyan:We should use common sense. Our child is ill, and the best care is to relieve his symptoms and then observe him closely. If your child’s body doesn’t show warning signs, don’t go to the hospital, because going to the hospital is easy to cause cluster infection, and most of them will be fine. If the illness is serious, or the child has basic diseases such as asthma, then he should go to the hospital as soon as possible.

　　The Paper:What symptoms do you need to go to the hospital in time? Is there a difference between adults and children in the standard of medical treatment?

　　Jin Dongyan:Children with persistent high fever for many days, persistent dyspnea (such as depression of intercostal muscles when breathing), wheezing, purple lips, low blood oxygen concentration, unconsciousness, aversion to water, original asthma and other basic diseases should see a doctor in any of the above cases.

　　Most healthy adults have experienced influenza or other upper respiratory tract infections, and there is little chance of developing pneumonia. Unless you have a basic disease, you need special attention.

　　From the family level, if children are ill, we should pay attention to isolation, especially not to let them contact the elderly, which is best for the elderly. If infected with the elderly, the old people’s original immunity is low, and they may be seriously ill or even life-threatening. The severe mortality rate of the elderly is relatively high, especially in nursing homes.

　　The Paper:At present, some parents take their children to the pediatric hospital, but the pediatric hospital is overloaded and the waiting time for treatment is generally long. When treating children’s respiratory tract infections, can we choose a general hospital with a shorter waiting time, and will there be any difference in treatment effect?

　　Jin Dongyan:It doesn’t make any difference. Because of these pathogens, only mycoplasma can use antibiotics such as azithromycin, and there are no specific drugs for other diseases, which are mainly symptomatic treatment. There are only a few kinds of drugs that doctors can choose.

　　After most infected people have symptoms, they will get better without taking antibiotics. The fever should be reduced, the cough should be stopped, and the allergy should be prevented. If there are any symptoms, symptomatic treatment should be given to alleviate the symptoms, pay attention to rest, and then go to school when you are completely better. The most important thing is not to touch the elderly.

　　The Paper:At present, we know that many community hospitals don’t have pediatrics, or don’t have the ability of initial diagnosis, so parents have to choose general hospitals or top three hospitals. What do you think of this situation?

　　Jin Dongyan:Common upper respiratory tract infection or pneumonia is not an incurable disease, and medical college graduates with medical training can effectively deal with it. It’s not that you have to find a pediatrician to cure it well.

　　The Paper:What is the self-limitation of these four pathogens now?

　　Jin Dongyan:After these four pathogens infect the respiratory tract, most of them are self-limiting and self-healing diseases. People susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus are also children, and adults are already immune, so children and the elderly are the most vulnerable groups. The susceptible population of mycoplasma is also children, especially school-age children, most of whom are infected when they gather at school.

　　The Paper:If there is mixed infection, what are the risks for patients?

　　Jin Dongyan:Mixed infections are rare. According to the data in the literature, only less than 10% of community-acquired pneumonia was found to have mixed infection. It is not easy to know whether it is a clinically significant mixed infection. Because many people are asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens. For example, asymptomatic carriers of mycoplasma pneumoniae are infected with adenovirus and cause pneumonia, but the results of mycoplasma nucleic acid are also positive. Whether it is mixed infection or not, which is the main cause, it is difficult to explain by the test results alone.

　　"Test before treatment" is not necessary.

　　The Paper:Some doctors said in an interview that drugs should be used only after the pathogen is determined. Is this correct?

　　Jin Dongyan:It is too idealistic and advanced to identify the pathogen first and then treat it, and even the most advanced areas in the world can’t do this. A few years ago, some regulations about mycoplasma pneumonia suggested this, but now they have all been returned. Because there are not so many reagents, and diagnosis is as good as no diagnosis. If pneumonia comes up, it is necessary to treat it quickly.

　　Our country can only complete these tests in large hospitals. Ordinary grass-roots hospitals and some large-scale hospitals do not have the ability to carry out routine tests, or they do not have the ability to carry out rapid tests on a large number of patients in a short period of time, and the quality control of most reagents provided now may not pass.

　　Secondly, in many cases, there is no need for pathogen diagnosis. If we insist that all people make pathogen diagnosis before treatment, it may delay the treatment of some critically ill patients.

　　In addition, not only these four pathogens can cause pneumonia now, but also more than a dozen pathogens can cause pneumonia, and there is more than half the chance that the pathogens can not be found at all by using existing means. If you must diagnose it, you may have to wait until he becomes seriously ill or can’t be saved. You can’t do this or wait. At the same time, this practice will cause a run on the resources of large hospitals, because we simply don’t have the ability to complete so many tests.

　　The Paper:From a scientific point of view, what are the specific detection methods for these four types of pathogens?

　　Jin Dongyan:Now basically rely on nucleic acid detection, but our ability of nucleic acid detection is limited, not infinite, and the production of reagents is limited, not infinite. There are many cases where nucleic acid is positive but completely asymptomatic or the symptoms are very mild. As far as mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is concerned, it is more reasonable to take nucleic acid and IgM antibody double positive as diagnostic criteria. According to international norms, outpatients generally do not do pathogen testing, and only inpatients do it.

　　The Paper:Uncertainty about the pathogen, is there a risk in treatment?

　　Jin Dongyan:According to the rules, it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics for trial treatment, and time is the most important thing.

　　Do you have a plan for the flu? No move. Do you have any ideas for other viruses? I didn’t say anything. Antibiotics are not necessary and should not be used for virus infection, but antibiotics should be tried immediately in an emergency when pneumonia occurs and the pathogen diagnosis is still unclear. You can barely use Tamiflu to find out the flu, but can Tamiflu be used frequently now? In fact, Tamiflu is only for people with special needs, and it can only be used at a high price. Not all people with flu have to eat or can eat Tamiflu. Now we can’t even hang up the date, and the monitoring cycle can’t be fast. When we find out the flu or COVID-19, we often miss the best administration time. Of course, if COVID-19 and influenza can be quickly identified or ruled out, it will be very helpful for clinical treatment. However, if we want to detect multiple pathogens separately, it may be time-consuming and laborious, but in the end it will have little effect. Doctors should try antibiotics decisively in combination with clinic and epidemiology, and make timely adjustments according to pathogen diagnosis and other test results.

　　Clinically, it is often more important to distinguish between viral infection and bacterial infection. Recent studies have shown that the level of procalcitonin in blood can be used for this purpose. This is actually more practical than detecting pathogens, and it has more clinical guiding significance. It is better to simply measure procalcitonin than to focus on detecting pathogens. If the level is low enough, antibiotics can be stopped as soon as possible in combination with clinical manifestations.

　　It is necessary to increase the proportion of vaccination for the elderly

　　The Paper:Azithromycin is a specific drug for mycoplasma pneumoniae. Is there any risk if parents give their children azithromycin by themselves?

　　Jin Dongyan:Of course there are risks. This is originally a prescription drug, and the world does not recommend giving antibiotics to children by themselves.

　　In addition, self-medication may delay the illness. For example, if the patient has the flu, the flu has developed to pneumonia, which is more serious. Give him antibiotics, and he will not be able to eat well, and the treatment of the flu will also be delayed.

　　The Paper:What is the efficacy of azithromycin in treating mycoplasma pneumonia? Some patients with mycoplasma pneumonia are resistant to azithromycin, will it affect their rehabilitation?

　　Jin Dongyan:Azithromycin is effective against mycoplasma. However, there are many mycoplasma pneumoniae resistant to azithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics in Asia, so it is not necessarily effective to detect azithromycin mycoplasma. In the final analysis, we should try to cross the river by feeling the stones. In case of azithromycin resistance, other antibiotics, including tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, should be used. However, children under 8 years old should not use tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones can still be used.

　　The most effective gold standard for judging azithromycin drug resistance is to use cultured mycoplasma for detection, but it is difficult and takes a long time. As mentioned above, it can also be used as a reference index according to whether the fever has gone down 48~72 hours after administration.

　　The Paper:Will there be repeated infections with these four pathogens?

　　Jin Dongyan:Could be a different pathogen infection. The first time may be adenovirus, the second time may be influenza, the third time may be Covid-19, and the fourth time may be something else. Unless the child’s own immunity is problematic, it is impossible to be infected with the same pathogen many times in a short period of time.

　　The Paper:Can the infection of four pathogens be prevented?

　　Jin Dongyan:As in COVID-19, keeping social distance, wearing masks as much as possible, washing hands frequently, etc., all return to the basic steps.

　　The Paper:Do these four pathogens have corresponding vaccines? How effective is it?

　　Jin Dongyan:Only the flu has a vaccine, and the other three pathogens have no vaccine. There is respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in the world, mainly for the elderly, but we haven’t approved it yet. Covid-19, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which may also cause pneumonia, also have vaccines, and the elderly and children should be encouraged to actively vaccinate.

　　Influenza vaccine is quite effective, and the international standard is to give it to the elderly. Over the years, 60% of the elderly in Hong Kong have been vaccinated, and COVID-19 and influenza vaccines for the elderly and children are free or subsidized. The vaccination rate of the elderly in the mainland is low, which should be taken seriously.

Ministry of Agriculture, which suffered from severe drought in northern China： The history of drought is rare.

　　Severe Winter Drought in the Northern Winter Wheat Region of China —— General Mobilization of Drought Relief


　　According to the Ministry of Agriculture, since planting in autumn and winter last year, governments at all levels and agricultural departments have attached great importance to grain and oil production this summer, insisted on early deployment, meticulous organization, scientific guidance and enhanced services, and achieved a steady increase in wheat area, an increase of more than 8 million mu in rapeseed area, and a good foundation for seedling situation before winter. However, since the end of October last year, the precipitation in the northern wheat area has been obviously less, and the drought has continued to develop. In addition, several strong cooling processes have occurred in succession, and drought and freezing have seriously affected the safe overwintering and normal development of wheat. The duration, range and severity of the drought are rare in history, showing several characteristics: First, continuous drought in autumn and winter. Second, the drought-affected area is large. Third, the degree of drought is heavy. The fourth is the superposition of drought and freezing. Fifth, there may be drought in winter and spring.



The drought continues, and Anhui issued a red warning for drought (photo by Xinhua News Agency)



Fighting drought and protecting seedlings in Huaibei area of Anhui Province (photo by Xinhua News Agency)


　　There was no snow last winter, especially when water resources were precious. A winter drought with a wide range, long duration and large drought-affected area is ravaging the northern winter wheat area.


　　More than 100 million mu of winter wheat is looking forward to rain.


　　According to the statistics of the National Defense General Administration, as of February 1st, the drought-affected area in the northern winter wheat area totaled 137 million mu, and by February 3rd, the drought-affected area had grown to 139 million mu, with 41.02 million mu of severe drought. In addition, 3.93 million people and 1.94 million large livestock had difficulty drinking water due to drought, and the drought-affected area of crops in China was 146 million mu, 43.12 million mu more than the average in the same period of many years.


　　Chen Lei, deputy commander-in-chief of the National Defense General and Minister of Water Resources, said that since the beginning of winter, there has been a serious lack of rain and snow in most parts of China, and the water from major rivers in the northern region has been continuously dry, and the water storage of water conservancy projects is obviously insufficient, which has caused the main winter wheat producing areas in northern China to suffer this severe winter drought.


　　According to the analysis of the National Defense General Conference, the current drought in the northern winter wheat area presents four characteristics: First, the precipitation is seriously less and the temperature is higher. Since last winter, there has been no effective precipitation in North China, Huanghuai and other places for more than 80 consecutive days. The precipitation is 70% to 90% less than normal, and there is basically no precipitation in some areas.


　　Second, crops are affected by drought in a large area and with a heavy degree. At present, the drought-affected area of winter wheat areas in northern China is the largest in the same period in the past five years, with more than half of the drought-affected areas of wheat in Henan, Anhui and Shanxi provinces. At present, it is in the middle of winter, with the superposition of cold and drought and the coexistence of drought and freezing. In some areas, there is a large area of yellow seedlings, and some even have dry and dead seedlings.


　　Third, drinking water is difficult for people and livestock in some areas. Some people have long distances to haul water, long duration of water shortage and high cost of drought resistance, which have a great impact on daily life.


　　Fourth, the water from rivers continues to be dry, and the water storage of water conservancy projects is seriously insufficient.


　　According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the temperature in most parts of China is still high this spring, and the precipitation in most parts of Huanghuai and eastern North China is still low. There is a great possibility of a large-scale spring drought in the northern winter wheat area, and the drought-resistant situation is very severe.


　　The highest number of drought-resistant people in each province is 5.26 million.


　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to drought resistance, seedling protection and summer grain production in winter wheat areas. The National Defense General and the Ministry of Water Resources have taken a series of measures since last winter to arrange and deploy drought relief work. In the face of severe drought, the National Defense General convened the Chamber of Commerce of Drought Relief Associations in seven provinces in the main winter wheat producing areas in the north, and launched a three-level emergency response to drought. The Ministry of Commerce and Finance arranged a 100 million yuan central extra-large drought relief subsidy, issued an urgent notice, and asked all localities in the dry areas to spare no effort to fight drought, protect seedlings and ensure spring ploughing, and sent four working groups to eight provinces to guide drought relief work.


　　According to the development of drought, on January 11th, the Yellow River Defense General upgraded the drought level to yellow warning, started the three-level response, scientifically dispatched, timely adjusted the water consumption index, and fully supported the drought relief in the basin.


　　Zhang Zhitong, executive deputy director of the National Defense General Office, said that according to incomplete statistics, since the end of December last year, the provinces in the northern winter wheat area have invested a maximum of 5.26 million people, started 750,000 electromechanical wells, 4,934 pumping stations and 711,000 sets of drought-resistant mobile equipment, with a total investment of 1.38 billion yuan, and completed drought-resistant irrigation area of 74.6 million mu. More than 5,000 county and township drought relief service teams are active in the fields every day, solving the drinking water difficulties of more than 500,000 people and 280,000 large livestock. (Reporter Zhao Yongping)


　　Chain connection


　　E Jingping, secretary-general of the National Defense General and vice minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that due to the influence of natural climate, there are different degrees of drought in China every year. The perennial drought-affected area of crops is about 300 million to 400 million mu, and the annual loss of grain is nearly 15.8 billion kilograms, accounting for 60% of the total loss of various natural disasters.


　　E Jingping said that on the one hand, agricultural production is dry and short of water, on the other hand, it wastes water seriously. At present, the utilization rate of irrigation water in China is only 45%, while that in developed countries is about 70%. At present, more than half of the cultivated land in the country has no water conservancy facilities, mainly relying on the weather to eat.


　　"To cope with drought, we need to change new ideas, change passive drought resistance into active drought resistance, and change from single drought resistance to comprehensive drought resistance." E Jingping said that comprehensive drought relief should pay attention to agricultural drought relief, and at the same time, do a good job in all-round drought relief work in urban life, production and ecology more scientifically and rationally, so as to realize rational development, optimal allocation and efficient utilization of water resources.

Editor: Wang Jiaolong

Shenzhen Expert in Building ＂Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pioneer Demonstration Zone＂： New Mission, New Task and New Blueprint

　　Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Liu Chang

　　Recently, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting Shenzhen to Build a Pilot Demonstration Zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") has aroused great concern from all walks of life, which pointed out that "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, as an important window of China’s reform and opening up, has made remarkable achievements in various undertakings and has become an international innovative city full of charm, motivation, vitality and innovation". At the same time, it is clear that Shenzhen will build a high-quality development highland, a demonstration city ruled by law, a model of urban civilization and a benchmark for people’s livelihood happiness. It is estimated that by 2025, Shenzhen will rank among the top cities in the world in terms of economic strength and development quality, with world-class R&D investment intensity and industrial innovation capability, greatly improved cultural soft power, advanced public service level and ecological environment quality, and become a modern, international and innovative city.

　　40 years of reform and opening up "start again"

　　Yesterday, Guo Wanda, executive vice president of China (Shenzhen) Research Institute for Comprehensive Development, said in an interview with this reporter that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council supported Shenzhen to build the "Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pioneer Demonstration Zone", which was a "new mission" and "new task" given to Shenzhen by the central government, and a series of innovative policy projects were "high in gold content".

　　Guo Wanda pointed out that the "five strategic orientations" in the Opinions are actually "new missions" and "new tasks" entrusted to Shenzhen by the central authorities. This is the need for the central government to comprehensively deepen reform and expand the new pattern of opening up in the future development, to better implement the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area strategy, to enrich the new practice of "one country, two systems" and to explore the new path of building a socialist modern power in an all-round way. At the same time, it also conforms to the foundation and conditions of Shenzhen’s 40-year development, gives play to the exemplary role of Shenzhen as a special economic zone, and can actively explore and innovate the system and mechanism in the process of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s construction, and embark on a modernization road with China characteristics.

　　Why are these five strategies? This is in line with the concept of "Five Development Concepts", "People-centered Development Thought" and "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" put forward by the state, and urges Shenzhen to play a role of demonstration, model, benchmark, pioneer and highland in the whole country. These positioning words all indicate that Shenzhen should try and explore first, and set an example for the whole country, just as Shenzhen’s reform and opening up 40 years ago became a national demonstration. Shenzhen’s construction of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pioneer Demonstration Zone" is to play the role of leading the whole country into a powerful socialist modernization country.

　　In the face of problems, it will be "more flexible, prudent and inclusive supervision"

　　Shenzhen also faces some problems and challenges to implement these "five strategies". For example, in the process of high-quality development, the ability of basic research in Shenzhen is insufficient, the original innovation platform is insufficient, and scientific apparatus and major laboratories are lacking. In order to realize innovation-driven development, Shenzhen needs to strengthen innovation infrastructure, strengthen innovation system and mechanism reform, and build a modern economic system.

　　In terms of business environment, there are still shortcomings in Shenzhen’s "hard environment", such as public service facilities such as medical care, education, transportation and urban management. In terms of "soft environment", including the level of rule of law, the rules of openness and transparency in line with international standards, the boundary between the government and the market, and the open economic system, the degree of internationalization and the predictable system construction need to be strengthened. Shenzhen needs to comprehensively improve the level of rule of law and "create a stable, fair, transparent and predictable world-class business environment ruled by law".

　　In terms of people’s livelihood development, Shenzhen’s housing prices are high, the social security system needs to be improved, and the ecological environment needs to be improved, including water control and air pollution. There is still a gap from the modern "Meiliwan District" city. These are the "shortcomings" and challenges that Shenzhen has to face, which need to be strengthened and overcome.

　　The Opinions put forward "establishing a more flexible prudential and inclusive supervision system". Guo Wanda believes that this system embodies a "regulatory concept". In the face of risks and problems, we should grasp the scale in the connection between opening up and supervision, especially the supervision of the new economy should be tolerant, prudent and flexible. It can be seen that the supervision here highlights "prudence and tolerance", and "flexibility is flexibility", and it cannot be "dead as soon as it is released". Opening up, finance, new industries and new economy all need such "more flexible, prudent and inclusive supervision".

　　Actively explore the construction of a big data center in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Dawan District.

　　Then, what should Shenzhen do and do? The Opinions give a clear path of action. Guo Wanda believes that next, Shenzhen should overcome its shortcomings, give full play to its advantages, be brave in taking responsibility, enhance its sense of mission, enhance its concept of "promising" and actively explore.

　　First of all, we should speed up the implementation of the innovation-driven strategy and take Shenzhen as the "main position" to build a comprehensive national science center in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It is necessary to increase the construction of Shenzhen’s advantageous areas, such as 5G, artificial intelligence, cyberspace, basic research of life sciences, etc., innovate institutional mechanisms, attract high-end talents from around the world, and make Shenzhen both dynamic and competitive in global innovation.

　　Secondly, we should improve and build system of ecological civilization, actively explore the institutional innovation of ecological civilization, create an environment for the coordinated development of production space, living space and ecological space, promote the construction of green consumption, green industry and circular economy system, and strengthen the construction of "sponge city".

　　In addition, Shenzhen needs to strengthen the deepening of reform, and carry out reforms in economic system, social system, cultural system and other aspects, so as to promote openness through reform, promote high-quality development through reform, and promote urban civilization construction through reform. For example, the reform of state-owned enterprises, the perfection of market-oriented economic system, the reform of foreign exchange system, the reform of supervision system adapted to the development of new economy, and the reform of "digital government" to optimize government management and services. All these require Shenzhen to realize the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Demonstration Zone through the "reform dividend", reduce institutional transaction costs through reform, and create a predictable and world-class business environment.

　　In promoting full opening up, Shenzhen should build a new open mechanism that is fully in line with international standards, promote the construction of a free trade pilot zone, and especially propose to hold large-scale sports events and cultural activities and undertake major home diplomatic activities. Among them, it is very important to promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and enrich the practice of "one country, two systems". In order to build a new open economic system, Shenzhen should also actively explore opening up to Hong Kong and Macao, explore a new open system, and promote the efficient and convenient flow of personnel, capital, technology and information. In this regard, the Opinions give many specific ideas, such as promoting the interconnection with financial markets in Hong Kong and Macao, building a big data center in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and promoting open cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao in medical care, education, culture and other fields — — Give Hong Kong and Macao residents living in Shenzhen citizen treatment; Promote the construction of international cruise ports in an orderly manner; It is necessary to facilitate the development of Hong Kong-funded and Australian-funded medical institutions, relax the restrictions on overseas doctors practicing in the Mainland, and try international cutting-edge medical technology first; Support Shenzhen to implement a more open and convenient overseas talent introduction and entry and exit management system.

　　"It can be said that one sentence in the Opinions is a policy project, which can be implemented, and there is ‘ Gold content ’ Yes. " Guo Wanda said that all these will make Shenzhen a modern city with dynamic economy, social governance, beautiful environment, livable, suitable for travel and suitable for business.

Mazda is crazy, and the owner talks about the use feeling： the same level benchmark model!

China people have a soft spot for big cars. A car with large volume and space can not only bring a strong atmosphere, but also bring a comfortable ride environment to consumers. The late car cost is the focus of its potential consumers. Next, let’s take a look with Xiaobian.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Mazda 3 Angkeira. The front of Mazda 3 Angkeira looks very cool, and with the U-shaped net, it is very recognizable. Coupled with the exquisite headlights, it looks quite classy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4662MM*1797MM*1445MM, the car uses cool lines, the car body gives a very hard feeling, with large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very capable. In the design of the rear end, the rear end echoes the front face, and the taillights give people a very full feeling. Together with the unique exhaust pipe, it creates a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Mazda 3 Angkeira looks very simple, which is consistent with the positioning of the car. The steering wheel of the car adopts a three-spoke design, which is made of genuine leather and has a simple shape. Take a look at the central control. The car is decorated with a fashionable and ordinary LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a clean design style, which is very eye-catching. The car uses leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment with memory, seat proportion falling down, etc., with exquisite materials and comfortable ride.

Mazda 3 Angkor Serra is matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 116KW and a maximum torque of 202N.m, which shows good power performance.

The car is equipped with remote control key, engine start/stop, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), CarPlay support, CarLife support, Bluetooth /WIFI connection and other configurations, which fully ensures the convenience and comfort of the car experience.

Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good. If you are concerned, you might as well experience it.

Bo Huang： How did the legend of the film-winning emperor who walked out of Qingdao’s alleys make him what he is today？

Today, there are many shining stars in the entertainment circle in China. With his unique life experience and outstanding talent, Bo Huang wrote a legendary story from ordinary to great. His name has become synonymous with persistence and dreams. Bo Huang, a person who interprets the word "grassroots" incisively and vividly, how does he move from Qingdao alley to the glory of the film emperor?

Early experience: indomitable spirit of struggle

Bo Huang was born in Qingdao in 1974. Since childhood, he has shown a strong interest in art. Different from his peers in other entertainment circles, Bo Huang came from an ordinary family. There was no special glory in his adolescence, but an ordinary and unknown singing career with his family. During that time, he often told his dreams in bars and nightclubs by singing and worked to earn tuition and living expenses.

In the streets and lanes of Qingdao, the audience heard his singing, but no one knew about the young man’s future achievements. Bo Huang said: "I like the stage because it provides a platform to express myself." During these performances, he gradually honed his singing and performance skills and accumulated valuable stage experience.

Career Transformation: The Challenge from Singer to Actor

At the beginning of the 21st century, Bo Huang is facing a turning point in his life. He decided to transform from a resident singer across the border and seek a broader development space. In 2006, Bo Huang entered the audience’s field of vision as a simple and witty character in the movie Crazy Stone. This role, like the igniter of his life, made him unexpectedly famous and paved the way for more film and television works.

This film is not only a box office carnival, but also allows Bo Huang to accumulate a lot of audience base. With the release of a series of successful works, including "Flowers in the Heart", "No Man’s Land" and "Journey to the West", Bo Huang gradually established his own performing position and became a first-line actor in China films. But along the way, he has also experienced numerous challenges and setbacks. In some plays, his voice of being questioned is endless, but he always takes every criticism as an opportunity to hone himself.

Widely recognized: the elegant demeanor and achievements of the film emperor

Bo Huang’s artistic career has come to a climax with the passage of time. In many important film festivals, he won many awards, including Hundred Flowers Award, Huabiao Award, Golden Horse Award and so on. In 2018, he won the Best Actor in Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival, which fully demonstrated his extraordinary strength in performing arts. Bo Huang proved with strength that grassroots origin can also fly to the starry sky of dreams.

On several podium, his humble and sincere speech is always impressive. "Being able to stand here and accept the honor is the result of all my efforts. Thank you for supporting me all the way. " His humility and kindness won him a good reputation in the public mind, which also aroused the resonance of many young people’s dreams.

Personal life: family-oriented warmth

Although Bo Huang was at the height of his acting career, he never forgot the importance of his family. His wife and children have always been his staunchest supporters. No matter how busy he is at work, Bo Huang always finds time to spend with his family and enjoy rare family time. He believes that family is the source and motivation of his success, and this warmth keeps him awake in the flashy entertainment circle.

"I hope my children can pursue their dreams, not feel pressured by my success." Bo Huang once said. This attitude made him show a father image with both pursuit and responsibility in public.

Giving back to the society: a firm step in public welfare undertakings

In addition to his achievements in performing arts, Bo Huang also actively participated in social welfare. He has participated in many charitable projects to help children in poor areas. He believes that giving back to the society in his own way is the best interpretation of his achievements. Bo Huang revealed that he hoped to attract more people to pay attention to social issues through his influence.

At a charity event, Bo Huang said with emotion: "We all have the ability to change something, as long as we are willing to pay." This positive attitude has made him an idol in the eyes of the public, not only in the performing arts, but also in the responsibility of human nature to society.

External evaluation: the clean flow of entertainment circle

Today, Bo Huang has become a legend in the entertainment circle, sought after by numerous media and loved by the public. He is known as "the most grounded film emperor", and he has won wide respect including his peers with his own strength and character. Whether it is the role in front of the screen or him in life, it is always impressive.

In the eyes of many people, Bo Huang’s success is not accidental, but the accumulation of unremitting efforts over the years. He used practical actions to show what real dreams and achievements are, and his story also inspired countless dream-seekers.

Summary: Truth and Enlightenment

Bo Huang’s legendary experience tells us that grassroots is not an obstacle to success, but the starting point of life. Only with dreams and unremitting efforts can we create a bright life. In this fast-paced world, Bo Huang’s persistence and self-confidence are the best inspiration.

In the future, Bo Huang will continue to explore on the road of performing arts, repay the audience with richer angles and works, and continue his legendary story. At any time, Bo Huang is using his every step to interpret his beliefs and pursuits. Let’s look forward to his wonderful performance on the future stage!

Editor in charge:

＂Coming to the Light and Glorious to the World＂ was released in Eta Ursae Majoris-Hefei Station

On the evening of March 5th, Eta Ursae Majoris, the "400,000-class flagship SUV of wisdom and luxury", made its debut in Hefei.

Before the opening ceremony, the Eta Ursae Majoris flight show (stunt show) with wonderful lighting interpretation created a warm atmosphere for the guests present at the conference, and also made them feel the excellent handling quality of Eta Ursae Majoris models. The scene was full of climax and excitement.

At 18:30, the magnificent lighting show of Wenfeng Building, which echoes the main venue, was officially staged. After an exciting countdown, the listing and release of Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris-Hefei Station officially kicked off.

At the event site, the leaders of Xingtu Marketing Center, many dealer partners in Xingtu Central China Region, and many invited starlight friends and media coffees gathered together. The highly anticipated Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris will soon unveil its mystery under the witness of many guests and media friends.

At the press conference, Liu De, director of the operation department of the key account director in charge of the Central China Region of Xingtu Marketing Center, brought a wonderful speech to everyone.

Mr. Liu said that Xingtu, as a high-end brand of Chery, is also a strategic brand of Chery, shouldering the important mission of leading Chery to accelerate change, make breakthroughs and fully embrace the era of green smart cars. Xingtu is the spire of Chery Group’s brand pyramid, and it should go straight into the sky!

Starway Eta Ursae Majoris, the flagship SUV with 400,000-class wisdom and luxury, is not only the first strategic model in the era of Starway brand 2.0, but also the first model of Chery Group’s "Eta Ursae Majoris 202.5 billion science and technology strategy", which is the best embodiment of the innovative spirit of "Technical Chery" in the new era.

"Users create together" is Starway’s leading idea of "customer-centered" at present. In this Eta Ursae Majoris listing and release session, two car owners’ representatives from Hefei area were invited to jointly unveil it with Starway’s leaders, which shows that Starway attaches great importance to customers and really envies others!

Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris officially appeared on the market in Hefei. Liu Hualin, product line quality director of Chery Automobile User Co-creation and Product Management Center, introduced the highlights of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris in detail, which made the "400,000-class smart and luxury flagship SUV" deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

Then, Li Ning, Marketing Director of Xingtu Marketing Center in Central China, announced the listing price and preferential policies of Eta Ursae Majoris for all the guests: the new car was launched with six models of 400T TGDI two-wheel drive and 400T TGDI four-wheel drive, with the price range of 152,800-202,800 yuan. Judging from the previous professional media evaluation, Starway Eta Ursae Majoris has the leapfrog strength to comprehensively benchmark the 400,000 joint venture luxury SUV. Combined with the people-friendly price and rich configuration level announced this time, it is believed that after listing, it will quickly set off a "luxury equal rights" movement in the 200,000-yuan SUV market, leading the Starway brand to establish a new pattern of independent high-end market.

⑥ Star-fixing Ceremony: Free road rescue for the first car owner for life.

Star Road Eta Ursae Majoris has been receiving much media attention since it was blindly ordered and pre-sold. At today’s press conference, Mr. Qian Wei, a well-known host of Anhui Traffic Radio, also came to the scene to share his view of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris and express his best wishes to Starway brand and Eta Ursae Majoris.

At the press conference, the first batch of car owners’ representatives from Central China were also invited to the scene. Under the witness of many guests, Xingtu held a grand delivery ceremony for them.

Before the end of the event, the leaders at the scene took a group photo with the car owners’ representatives and our media partners, and jointly recorded the wonderful moments that belonged to Eta Ursae Majoris.

It is worth mentioning that in the afternoon of the same day, the "Eta Ursae Majoris 1 Hit 7" special comparative test drive experience camp was held on the spot. Many invited customers and media friends who are interested in Eta Ursae Majoris participated in the test drive on the spot, and verified the excellent reliability and quality control ability of Starway Eta Ursae Majoris with their own experience.

[written at the end]

Judging from the market results of "hot before listing", the product positioning of Xingtu brand for Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris’s "400,000-class smart and light luxury flagship SUV" is not an armchair strategist, and the key lies in the precise product strategy of "breaking through the purchasing power of doubling the car price". Today, the automobile market in China is undergoing earth-shaking changes. Joint-venture luxury brands have shown signs of fatigue in terms of product change, market demand and user concept. China brand has started to rise strongly through independent innovation technology, and gradually mastered the discourse power and pricing power of the mainstream family car market. At present, there is an urgent need for a product that can show national pride and has the value of high-end cars in China, and Xingtu Eta Ursae Majoris is such a model with a product value of 400,000, which is comparable to the joint venture luxury SUV brand.

＂Free＂ reading ＂light books＂ exam can’t be much worse.

Wen Rumin

　　The summer vacation is over half, and reading is still on the way. Both students and parents will have more or less doubts and even anxiety about reading. Recently, the Commercial Press published Wen Rumin, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University and editor-in-chief of Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, which systematically expounded his views on reading and Chinese learning. Recently, Wen Rumin accepted an exclusive interview with Yangcheng Evening News.

　　Examinations and reading

　　"Never read" the materials of the college entrance examination questions does not mean "never studied"

　　Yangcheng Evening News: The "Ministry Edition" Chinese textbooks have improved the requirements for reading depth, breadth and speed. Correspondingly, what will happen to the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination?

　　Wen Rumin: Some media reported that the "part-edited" Chinese textbooks are "specialized" and do not read, which means that this set of textbooks has returned to "reading-oriented", paying attention to expanding reading areas and learning different types of reading methods. However, in any case, the capacity of textbooks is limited, and there are not many reading articles collected. It is important to draw inferences from others, so that students can expand from textbooks and classroom teaching, and expand their reading surface and reading volume. This is also the requirement of college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination. I don’t take part in the proposition, but I am concerned about this aspect.

　　Judging from the reading questions of Chinese in recent years, many propositional materials are not from textbooks, covering a wide range, and even selected from some papers with strong professionalism, including politics, economy, science and technology, history, philosophy, etc., giving people the impression that — — What I have learned has not been tested, and what I have tested has not been studied. In fact, "never read" does not mean "never learned", but the test is the transfer of reading ability and the application of methods. The emphasis is on ability, thinking, comprehensive analysis, retrieval and aesthetics, and so on.

　　Candidates who usually read a wide range of books and are active in thinking are like a duck to water in the face of this exam change, and it is easy to get good grades; However, candidates who have a narrow reading range, read only textbooks and only pay attention to "brushing questions" may not adapt and it is difficult to achieve good results. Even if the latter go to college, their weakness of "reading less" will appear, which will restrict their academic development.

　　The college entrance examination proposition began to explore how to test "whole book reading"

　　Yangcheng Evening News: Why should we encourage "reading the whole book" in the "part-edited version" of Chinese textbooks? Some people complain that if the language requires more reading, especially the whole book, it will increase the academic burden. What do you think?

　　Wen Rumin: The "part-edited version" language pays special attention to reading and the original works. In primary schools, there is a "happy reading bar" to guide students to read whole books such as fairy tales, stories and novels. Junior high school has set up a "guide to famous books", which requires reading 12 famous books in three years, and also provides a bibliography of 24 famous books that you choose to read independently. Chinese in senior high school is coming soon. Some students have extended reading after class, or they are required to find books to read by themselves under the driving of study tasks. There is also a special unit of "reading the whole book".

　　Why do you attach so much importance to "reading the whole book"? First, let students contact some original classics relatively completely, so as to "lay the foundation" for the development of life; Second, aiming at the tendency of "fragmented" reading and "shallow reading" brought by online reading, students can return to complete and sound reading and cultivate good reading habits; The third is to "study and nourish the nature", and to "sharpen the temper" by "reading the whole book", cultivate perseverance, cultivate the mind and get rid of impetuousness.

　　The addition of "reading the whole book" has somewhat changed the traditional situation that Chinese textbooks only pay attention to single teaching, which will inevitably have an impact on future teaching and examinations.

　　In recent years, the paper propositions of Chinese college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination began to explore how to test the situation of "reading the whole book" For example, there are some key details in the exam of A Dream of Red Mansions. If you haven’t read the novel completely and only watched TV, it will be difficult to answer. I think this improvement is conducive to promoting the "reading-based" Chinese teaching and returning to the "essence" of Chinese learning.

　　Some students and parents complain that the increase in reading new textbooks will increase the academic burden. In fact, the amount of reading required by the textbook has been measured. If students have the desire and interest to read, the amount of reading arranged now does not constitute any burden at all. If you don’t want to study, even if the reading volume is as low as the previous textbooks, you can’t finish it. A lot of time is spent repeatedly "doing problems", and the burden is heavy and the effect is not good.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: From the perspective of teaching and examination, are there any quantitative standards or regulations for the reading level of primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools?

　　Wen Rumin: Chinese is a comprehensive subject, and it is difficult to quantify the teaching effect. However, the basic requirements or minimum standards should still exist, and the Chinese curriculum standards have corresponding provisions. For example, the first and second grades of primary school require reciting 50 excellent poems (paragraphs), and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 50,000 words. Form the habit of reading books and newspapers in the third and fourth grades, and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 400 thousand words. The fifth and sixth grades should be able to browse and read silently at a certain speed. The general reading materials should be no less than 300 words per minute, and the total amount of extracurricular reading should be no less than 1 million words.

　　Junior high school students learn to read poems, narrative and explanatory articles, read simple discontinuous texts, and can skillfully use skimming and browsing methods to expand the reading range. Get into the habit of reading silently, and read general modern texts with no less than 500 words per minute. Recite 80 ancient poems (paragraphs), and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 2.6 million words.

　　The new Chinese curriculum standard for senior high school requires reading speculative, practical, literary and other texts, reading more than five literary classics and other reading materials by yourself after class, with a total amount of not less than 1.5 million words. In addition, it is suggested to recite 72 ancient poems (including compulsory and optional compulsory). The high school Chinese curriculum standard also divides the academic quality level into five grades, and describes the performance of learning results at different grades, which can be used for reference.

　　Promoting quality education under the background of "exam-oriented education has existed for a long time"

　　Yangcheng Evening News: You advocate that teachers and students should take the boat of exam-oriented education and do something about quality education. How to do less exercises and read more books? How to balance examination and quality education?

　　Wen Rumin: We must vigorously promote quality education. This is the direction, no doubt. However, the pressure of exam-oriented education is huge, which can not be eliminated in a short period of time, and it is also a grim reality. As long as the social competition is fierce, as long as there are selective examinations, exam-oriented education will exist.

　　We are discussing how to promote quality education under the background of "exam-oriented education has existed for a long time", which is a very difficult undertaking and requires preparation for long-term struggle.

　　For many teachers, students and parents, the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination are very realistic. They don’t deny the importance of quality education, but they will still put the exam first. This is human nature and understandable. To promote quality education, we should not be divorced from this reality, and we should not completely oppose quality education and exam-oriented education. They are opposed, but they are not either one or the other. Exam-taking ability is also a kind of ability, not all of which can be cultivated by "brushing questions". What we oppose is only those rigid negative educational models that stifle individuality and inhibit creative thinking. It is better to admit that exam-oriented education is "reasonable" at present, and then try to reduce the negative impact of exam-oriented education and gradually expand the space for quality education, which can be changed a little.

　　The so-called "boarding the boat of exam-oriented education and doing something about quality education" means trying to strike a balance between the two. For example, improving the examination, paying more attention to the examination ability, comprehensive quality and creative thinking may "incite" the reform of curriculum and teaching and reduce the negative impact of examination-oriented education. I have said many times that qualified teachers can make students do well in exams without killing their brains and interests, and they will try their best to strike a balance between exam-taking and quality education.

　　"Part-edited" Chinese textbooks are trying to change the practice of simply instilling classroom knowledge and repeatedly "brushing questions", advocating Chinese teaching to give full play to students’ subjectivity in learning, doing less questions and reading more books, hoping to promote the reform of college entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination, make students do well in the exam, and focus on students’ long-term development. This is a balance.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: Some children’s reading has their own preferences and personalized characteristics, and they don’t necessarily like the bibliographies specified and recommended in Chinese books. Should such children respect their preferences and be able to cope with the college entrance examination?

　　Wen Rumin: A key word of Chinese curriculum reform is "giving full play to the subjectivity of students’ learning", and the "part-edited" Chinese textbooks also try to strengthen the subjectivity of students’ learning. Therefore, students’ personal preferences and personalized characteristics of reading should be fully respected.

　　For example, since the senior grade of primary school, students don’t like the list of books opened by teachers very much, and they prefer to choose their own books to read. This is normal. The textbook specifies a small number of required books, and most other bibliographies are optional and not mandatory. Sometimes we don’t have to specify the "required reading" list, but suggest reading a certain range of books, so that students can choose from them, which may be better. There should not be too many "prescribed actions" in the reading process, and it is not appropriate to assign a lot of homework. Don’t always ask for "writing", such as writing the feelings after reading. These tasks are too many and tiring to read, which is not conducive to encouraging more reading. If a student has more free reading, his Chinese literacy will also be improved, and the exam will not be much worse.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: Parents or teachers who let their children read freely are taking risks under exam-oriented education — — Children are also very uneasy about reducing the time for doing problems and other homework to read books. How to grasp this free space and how to balance it with exams?

　　Wen Rumin: There is a question of how to balance current interests and long-term considerations. Give students a certain degree of reading freedom, and students will read more extracurricular books, which will somewhat squeeze the time for "doing problems". The question is, is it the "right way" to learn by repeatedly "doing problems"? According to the analysis of the candidates who have achieved excellent results in Chinese in the college entrance examination in recent years, it is found that they can get good results without "brushing the questions", and most of the students who get high marks have a wide reading range and active thinking. You will soon see that in order to reduce "brushing questions", the new senior high school Chinese no longer sets up after-school exercises, but replaces them with "reading tips" and "unit learning tasks". Therefore, extracurricular reading and free reading will not "hinder" the college entrance examination and the senior high school entrance examination, but may help the examination.

　　I advocate that students should read "casual books". The so-called "idle books" are those books that children choose by themselves and are not necessarily tied to the test objectives. Only when you are allowed to read "casual books" and have the "freedom" of reading can you have interest in reading. College entrance examination and senior high school entrance examination are both important events for students, and it is also appropriate to "study for the exam", but keeping a little space for free reading properly can make your hobbies and potential develop better.

　　Chinese teaching materials and reading

　　Children don’t study, which may be due to the lack of reading atmosphere in the family.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: What worries many parents is how to cultivate their children’s interest in reading.

　　Wen Rumin: There may be many reasons why children don’t have the habit and hobby of reading. The most important reason is that the family lacks the atmosphere of reading. Unless children have a special gift and can eliminate interference, it is difficult for most children to develop the interest and habit of reading in an environment of "no reading". Parents don’t read books themselves, but watch WeChat, play cards and play games all day. How can they make their children fall in love with reading? Parents of primary school students and junior high school students, in particular, must set an example and study with their children as much as possible, at least not to affect their study. Elementary school and junior high school are the best time to develop interest in reading, which is very crucial. If you don’t develop the habit and interest in reading at this stage, it will be very difficult to "catch up" later.

　　Not all books are worth intensive reading. Learn to read and browse quickly.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: You said that primary and secondary school students should learn to read "rolling and crawling" and master reading methods such as intensive reading, browsing, guessing reading, skipping reading and group reading. However, Chinese classes emphasize texts and seldom teach reading methods. How can children learn these reading methods?

　　Wen Rumin: It is true that the situation of "emphasizing texts and seldom teaching reading methods" is widespread in Chinese class. However, the current curriculum reform focuses on students’ dominant position, protects students’ curiosity, imagination and thirst for knowledge, stimulates their interest in learning, and carries out various forms of reading activities to improve teaching effect.

　　The newly promulgated Chinese curriculum standard for senior high schools makes it clear that Chinese teaching should solve "Chinese core literacy". Recently, the Central Committee and the State Council issued a document on deepening education and teaching reform and improving the quality of compulsory education in an all-round way. It also includes stimulating students’ interest in reading, learning to read, and taking reading as a habit and lifestyle. I think those who only pay attention to the text and seldom teach reading methods will be improved. Parents should also learn to follow up and create a good environment for their children to study.

　　I advocate that students should study "continuously", which means that they can learn to read quickly and browse, and they can read without understanding, and their interest is cultivated, and their reading volume is increased, so that their Chinese literacy can be improved. Not all books are worth intensive reading.

　　Network Reading: Learning the Ability of Media Selection and Filtering

　　Yangcheng Evening News: How do you view the influence of online reading and fragmented reading on teenagers? What measures does Chinese education have to deal with this?

　　Wen Rumin: This is indeed a problem. The appearance of the Internet has brought a lot of convenience and promoted the prosperity of society, but it has also caused some troubles. It seems that it is too late for human beings to deal with it in changing their thinking habits and social behavior.

　　The fragmentation, entertainment and superficiality of reading have obvious negative effects on the mental growth of teenagers. There are many students who can’t live without their mobile phones for a moment, and they lack concentration more and more. I’m afraid it’s hard to keep their attention for more than ten minutes. Their thinking is jumping and collage, and their writing articles or language expressions lack coherence and logic. They are either one or the other, black or white, and they often argue fiercely, but they can’t "focus" … … These manifestations are all related to the fragmentation of online reading.

　　As for entertainment, superficiality, blasphemy against classics, contempt for authority, indulging in jokes and jokes, it makes the mind flat and vulgar. This situation has aroused the concern of some people in the education field. Some elite schools have begun to try to restrict students’ use of mobile phones and their exposure to vulgar and popular programs, which is also a last resort.

　　"Cultural fast food" can be contacted, but don’t let "reading taste" be damaged.

　　Yangcheng Evening News: There is a gap between teenagers and classic books. What should I do if I don’t like them?

　　Wen Rumin: It’s not surprising that students don’t like reading classics. It’s a common and natural phenomenon. Because they have a historical distance from the classics, language and form may be separated, and of course there are age factors. Life experience and understanding limit the understanding of the classics. In addition, young people are curious and rebellious. The more schools and teachers ask them to "share" the classics they want to read, the less they may like them, and instead favor those "spoof" and "nonsense" works.

　　How to close the distance between students and classics, so that they can approach classics in a more vivid and friendly way (including the Internet, film and television, etc.) is a topic that educators, including responsible media and cultural businesses, should consider. It is very necessary to explain and spread the classic works in simple terms, but this should not be at the expense of distorting or ridiculing and disassembling the classics.

　　The habit of reading needs to be cultivated, and reading classics needs to be calm and tempered. It is a long process of self-cultivation. Classics are difficult for young people to read because of the isolation of the times. To constantly overcome some reading obstacles, their rich connotations need to be carefully and repeatedly explored, which will not be as enjoyable as reading popular novels. We must first be mentally prepared to "eat books" and overcome that kind of superficial trouble before we can really enter a good reading state. This is also a kind of study habit and perseverance.

　　When selecting all kinds of texts, "Bu Bian Ben" Chinese not only touches the classics, but also fully considers the cultivation of students’ reading habits and the mastery of methods. For different types of books or classics, there are also hints on how to read and what to focus on. Teachers and parents also have the responsibility to make students understand that it is understandable to read some fun and relaxing things online, but we should pay attention to the fact that a lot of information published from the media is mixed with a lot of "cultural garbage". If you come into contact with these "rubbish" frequently, you will be easily influenced by value digestion, relativism and even dance academy’s thoughts, and your reading taste will be ruined, which is really in danger of "lifelong damage".

　　All kinds of popular and best-selling "cultural fast food" can be contacted, but it can’t replace the reading of the original book. If you want to know the taste of pears, you must taste them yourself and read the classics. What you need is the process of understanding, thinking and self-cultivation, which is the "cultivation", that is, the necessary way of spiritual growth.

　　(Text/Yangcheng Evening News reporter Jiang Wei)