分类： cc

　　According to the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, by deepening the reform of the examination and approval system for engineering construction projects, enterprises in the housing and construction sector in the province have resumed their work and production.

　　As of March 23, 15,746 construction sites in the province have resumed work, with a resumption rate of 85.4%. Among them, 4,184 provincial and municipal key housing projects, including epidemic prevention and control, urban operation, and basic people’s livelihood, have resumed work, with a resumption rate of 93% for key projects.

　　Multi-measures to improve the efficiency of examination and approval of engineering construction projects

　　Previously, many construction enterprises in the province were greatly affected by the epidemic. On the basis of Guangdong’s "Several Policies and Measures for Supporting Enterprises to Resume Work and Production in Response to Pneumonia Infected in novel coronavirus", the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued 10 measures to benefit enterprises, provide good service for returning workers, ensure the supply of protective materials and building materials, and strengthen financial "escort" to bring a "timely rain" to construction enterprises.

　　At the same time, the office of the leading group for the reform of the examination and approval system of provincial engineering construction projects requires that all localities help enterprises to resume work and production through a number of reform measures. On the one hand, we will speed up the improvement of the examination and approval management system for construction projects, do a good job in the interconnection of various platforms, give full play to the advantages of online examination and approval of the examination and approval system for construction projects, and implement "online" and "fingertip" approval for construction projects.

　　At the same time, we will implement "appointment office" and encourage "nearby office", and make "appointment office" through online, telephone and email for some examination and approval items of engineering construction projects that really need to be handled at the physical hall site, and encourage qualified areas to implement "nearby office".

　　In particular, it is also required to vigorously implement the approval notification commitment system. For matters subject to the notification commitment system for examination and approval, the deadline for submission of materials agreed in the undertaking can be made up in principle after the end of the epidemic.

　　In addition, for special projects of epidemic prevention and control, we should do a good job in service guarantee, such as special construction projects such as public health service houses and supporting facilities needed for epidemic prevention, and implement special services and active services, and establish a one-stop green channel for parallel approval of the whole chain and approval within a limited time.

　　Simplify the examination and approval process to ensure the start of major projects

　　The reform of examination and approval of engineering construction projects requires that the whole process of examination and approval should be simplified, the examination and approval process should be optimized, the bill of materials should be reduced, and finally the time should be shortened. This time coincides with the impact of the epidemic, and such streamlining is even more urgent. Many cities in the province have put forward innovative measures.

　　In Zhuhai, the land urgently needed for epidemic prevention and control can be used first according to the plan. Among them, there are special requirements for site selection, and it is really necessary to occupy permanent basic farmland and ecological protection red line, which is regarded as a major project to allow occupation, and outdoor requirements such as permanent basic farmland occupation and field reconnaissance are temporarily cancelled; If permanent land is needed, the relevant land use and planning procedures shall be completed according to the actual land use within 6 months after the outbreak is lifted.

　　Maoming City has speeded up the emergency of epidemic prevention and control and the urgent need for approval of industrial resumption. For those involving multi-department approval, it only takes one day from receipt to issuance of construction permits for large projects such as Junmingcheng Project, Dafatang Village Demolition and Resettlement Housing Construction Project, Blu-ray Yongjin Peninsula Project and Maoming Baolitianhuan Project.

　　Shaoguan City implements the "notification commitment system" for the construction projects affected by the epidemic, and arranges special personnel to intervene in the project plan review in advance. Jiangmen City supports epidemic prevention and control construction projects to use land first, fully guarantees the land use index of epidemic prevention and control projects, and implements the "tolerance and acceptance" mechanism for approval materials.

　　During the epidemic, several cities have also established and improved relevant management systems for online examination and approval of construction projects, and launched online examination and approval offices to avoid crowd gathering and improve examination and approval efficiency.

　　Foshan City relies on the integrated platform of examination and approval management of engineering construction projects, and all projects are declared, approved and technically reviewed online in the whole process. The construction unit only needs to fill in "a form" and submit "a set of materials". From January 26th to March 12th, a total of 249 engineering construction projects were declared paperless online.

　　In Huizhou, due to the epidemic situation and traffic control, the staff of several construction projects could not return to their posts on time, which seriously affected the examination and approval. As a result, the approval is organized in a "cloud office" and way. On February 12th, the planning and construction headquarters of Baihua Town New Materials Industrial Park in Huidong County held a remote video conference to convene technical teams from Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen to study the planning of the industrial park and promote the karst and geological investigation and seismic safety evaluation of the industrial park.

　　Optimizing examination and approval service to facilitate enterprises to handle it.

　　In addition to various reform measures, several cities also optimized approval services during the epidemic. At present, all localities are constantly improving the comprehensive service window for the examination and approval of engineering construction projects, doing a good job of online and offline integration with the examination and approval management system of urban engineering construction projects, basically realizing "one network to run", establishing and improving the green examination and approval channel, and constantly promoting innovative services such as agency.

　　33 agents of Foshan configuration project provide services for 95 key projects; The two-level administrative service centers in Zhongshan Town provide "non-stop service on weekends" and provide free agency services for the whole process of approval and construction application for key enterprise projects and construction projects. Chao ‘an District of Chaozhou City has also set up an entrusted service area, and sent special personnel to provide pre-service for projects involving the production of materials needed for epidemic prevention and control. In addition, Zhuhai, Shaoguan and other cities organized party member cadres to dock key construction projects, deliver policies, services and coordinate protective materials.

　　Digital Guangdong Company is responsible for the development, construction and operation and maintenance of provincial and most urban engineering construction project approval management systems, and provides "7×24 hours" safety operation and maintenance, system operation answering and business data reporting during the epidemic period to ensure the normal operation of the engineering construction project approval management system.

　　In addition, various localities have also adopted the commitment system to simplify the procedures for enterprises to resume work and production as much as possible. At present, the construction enterprises in all parts of the province have basically realized the "settlement of the application for resumption of work", that is, the same day of application, the same day of handling, the same day of filing, and the same day of resumption of work, and the construction enterprises that have put in place epidemic prevention measures and actively fulfilled their obligations to resume work are given credit points and other rewards. For example, if Shenzhen implements "return to work first, then check", the enterprise will make good preparations for epidemic prevention, and after meeting the conditions for returning to work and submitting the filing form and commitment letter, it will organize its own return to work and resume production, and the relevant government departments will visit the site to check the implementation of epidemic prevention measures in due course. Zhuhai provides 24-hour policy consultation and answering services, helping to handle more than 2,000 requests for enterprises to resume work and production. Meizhou City has introduced relevant measures to warm up enterprises, which can help enterprises solve practical problems from the aspects of delaying the payment of special maintenance funds for residential buildings, relaxing the retention ratio of pre-sale supervision funds and increasing the number of withdrawals.

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Guangdong Office Letter [2012] No.814

General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the First in Guangdong Province

Notice of the assessment and evaluation methods for basically realizing meteorological modernization

People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　"Guangdong Province takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization assessment and evaluation methods" has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully. Please report the problems encountered in the implementation to the Provincial Meteorological Bureau.

Provincial general office

December 14th, 2012

　　Guangdong province takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization.

　　Assessment and evaluation methods

　　In order to conscientiously implement the spirit of the Memorandum of Cooperation between Guangdong Provincial People’s Government of China Meteorological Bureau and the Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Implementing the Memorandum of Cooperation between China Meteorological Bureau and our province (Yue Fu Ban [2012] No.76), we will further strengthen the assessment and evaluation of meteorological modernization in our province, give full play to the guiding, encouraging and restraining role of assessment and evaluation, promote the continuous improvement of meteorological modernization in our province, and ensure that the province will take the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization by 2015.

　　I. Assessment and evaluation

　　The main body of the present Measures shall be the people’s governments at the local and municipal levels.

　　The assessment and evaluation work is carried out under the unified leadership of the provincial people’s government, led by the Provincial Meteorological Bureau, and the provincial editorial office, the Development and Reform Commission, the Science and Technology Department, the Supervision Department, the Finance Department, and the Emergency Office participate in the establishment of an assessment team to assess the meteorological modernization work of the previous year in the first quarter of each year.

　　Second, the evaluation content and indicators

　　(1) Assessment contents.

　　From six aspects: national meteorological consciousness, meteorological basic conditions, meteorological system guarantee, meteorological forecast level, social benefit ability and social and economic benefits, the development level of meteorological modernization in our province is assessed.

　　(2) Evaluation indicators.

　　Establish an evaluation index system that takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization at the prefecture level by listing, and transform the objectives and tasks of meteorological modernization into assessable indicators, with 6 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 34 third-level indicators (see Annex 1).

　　Establish an evaluation index system that takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization at the provincial level, and make a comprehensive evaluation of the development level of meteorological modernization in the whole province, and set up 6 first-level indicators, 16 second-level indicators and 42 third-level indicators (see Annex 2).

　　(3) Scoring methods for assessment and evaluation.

　　The assessment and evaluation shall calculate the index scores at all levels according to the method of three-level index → two-level index → one-level index → comprehensive index, and finally form a comprehensive score, and determine the development stage of local meteorological modernization according to the comprehensive score (see Annex 3).

　　Third, the evaluation procedures and results

　　The assessment and evaluation work shall be carried out according to the following procedures:

　　(a) in January each year, the local level is responsible for the self-evaluation of the meteorological modernization work in the previous year by listing, calculating the comprehensive score of the evaluation index system of the city’s first basic realization of meteorological modernization, and reporting it to the Provincial Meteorological Bureau for summary before the end of January.

　　(2) The assessment team is responsible for entrusting a third party to conduct government and residents’ surveys and collect relevant data, reviewing the comprehensive score of the evaluation index system for basically realizing meteorological modernization at the local level and calculating the comprehensive score of the evaluation index system for basically realizing meteorological modernization at the provincial level.

　　(three) put forward the assessment opinions. Before the end of February each year, the assessment team will study and put forward the assessment opinions according to the comprehensive scores of listing at all levels and combined with the relevant situation. Score below 30 points, rated as the initial stage; 30-60 points, rated as growth period; 60-75 points, rated as primary modernization; 75-90 points, rated as basic modernization; Score above 90 points, rated as comprehensive modernization.

　　Fourth, the application of assessment results

　　After the examination and evaluation results are examined and approved by the provincial people’s government, they will be notified to the whole province in due course. All localities and cities should study and formulate rectification measures according to the assessment and evaluation, and solve the existing problems in time.

　　Attachment: 1. Evaluation index system for basically realizing meteorological modernization at the prefecture level in Guangdong Province (2012-2015) and its explanation.

　　　 　 　 　 　 2. Guangdong Province takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization evaluation index system (2012-2015) and its explanation.

　　　 　 　 　 　 3. Guangdong Province took the lead in basically realizing the scoring method of meteorological modernization evaluation index system (2012-2015).

　　Guangdong Province took the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization by listing at the prefecture level.

　　Interpretation of Evaluation Index System (2012-2015)

　　A national meteorological consciousness

　　A1 meteorological knowledge penetration rate

　　A11 Meteorological knowledge penetration rate

　　The proportion of the public who can correctly understand and use meteorological information and avoid meteorological disasters reflects the popularity of meteorological popular science knowledge among the local public. The index data is collected by random survey method. In order to reflect the comprehensiveness of the survey data, this item makes survey statistics on urban and rural residents respectively. The specific calculation method is meteorological knowledge penetration rate of urban residents × urban population ratio+rural residents meteorological knowledge penetration rate × rural population ratio, where the meteorological knowledge penetration rate of urban (or rural) residents is the ratio of the number of urban (or rural) respondents with relevant meteorological knowledge to the total number of urban (or rural) respondents.

　　A2 Meteorological knowledge awareness

　　A21 Meteorological knowledge awareness

　　An index reflecting the public’s ability to know, understand and apply meteorological information and knowledge, such as weather forecast and early warning, meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and response to climate change. The index data is collected by a random survey method, and the specific algorithm is L=(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5)/5, where L is the awareness of meteorological knowledge, L1 is the public’s awareness of weather forecast and early warning signals, and L2 is the public’s awareness of ways to obtain weather forecast and early warning information. L3 is the public’s awareness of lightning hazards and common sense of lightning prevention, L4 is the public’s awareness of local weather prevention measures for frequent disasters, and L5 is the public’s awareness of climate change.

　　B meteorological basic conditions

　　B1 Comprehensive meteorological observation capability

　　B11 coverage rate of villages and towns in automatic stations

　　The proportion of villages and towns with local meteorological automatic stations is an index reflecting the ability of rural meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation. The calculation method is the ratio of the number of towns with meteorological automatic stations to the total number of all administrative towns in the city.

　　B12 degree of automation of meteorological observation

　　With the development of electronics, communication and other series of science and technology, meteorological observation is changing from manual and qualitative observation to automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation. Automation is one of the important conditions and significant signs of meteorological science and technology modernization. This item refers to the proportion of all kinds of meteorological monitoring equipment that realize automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation (that is, manual observation is not needed, and meteorological observers only need to monitor and process the meteorological data automatically collected by the equipment, quality control and equipment maintenance). The calculation method is as follows: the number of types of meteorological monitoring equipment for automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation ÷ the total number of types of local meteorological monitoring equipment ×100%.

　　B13 Environmental guarantee conditions for meteorological observation

　　The comprehensive score of detection environment of local ground stations calculated according to the scoring method of detection environment of ground meteorological stations in China. Meteorological stations that meet the detection standards are the premise of obtaining representative, accurate and comparative meteorological detection information. This index reflects the degree of environmental protection of meteorological stations by governments at all levels to ensure the accuracy of meteorological information. The calculation method is L = (L1+L2+L3+…+Ln)/n, where L is the environmental quality of meteorological observation, and LN is the environmental score of the N-th ground meteorological station calculated according to the scoring method of ground meteorological stations in China.

　　B2 Meteorological information processing capability

　　B21 communication network bandwidth

　　Meteorological institutions at city and county levels can input the bandwidth (i.e. access rate) of the network or get it from the network. It reflects the transmission ability of local meteorological information data, and reflects the timely degree of meteorological data from collection to business application. According to the requirements of the access rate of meteorological networks at the city and county level in the Meteorological Information Network System Development Plan (2011-2015) of China Meteorological Bureau, the access rate at the city (city) level reaches 50Mbps and the access rate at the county level reaches 20Mbps. This item can be reflected by the communication network bandwidth compliance rate of the meteorological departments at the city and county level, and the specific algorithm is L=L1*0.5+L2*0.5, where

　　B22 department information sharing rate

　　The sharing degree of meteorological information and meteorological-related information among various departments reflects the contribution of meteorological information to the effective social and economic activities of various departments such as disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change response and low-carbon development. The calculation method is: the types of meteorological information and meteorological related information shared by departments ÷ the types of meteorological information and related information to be shared ×100%.

　　B3 meteorological science and technology innovation ability

　　B31 meteorological science and technology support level

　　The index reflecting the investment of meteorological scientific research funds aims to strengthen the guarantee of meteorological scientific and technological innovation and improve the level of meteorological science and technology. The calculation method is that the annual investment of meteorological scientific research funds is ×100% of the total operating expenses of local meteorology in that year.

　　C meteorological system guarantee

　　C1 meteorological service system completeness level

　　Guarantee level of emergency early warning information release in C11 cities and counties

　　Meteorological services such as emergency warning information release, lightning protection and disaster reduction, weather modification, and agricultural meteorological services are important meteorological work to ensure local social and economic development and build a harmonious society. Perfecting the local meteorological service systems such as issuing and receiving emergency warning information, lightning protection and disaster reduction management, and weather modification in cities and counties (cities, districts) is an important symbol to reflect whether local governments at all levels can effectively and timely issue emergency warning information, scientifically carry out lightning protection and disaster reduction work, and rationally and effectively develop cloud and water resources in the air.

　　Completeness of meteorological staff in C12 cities and counties

　　In order to meet the meteorological service demand of local society, according to the principle that national meteorology is invested by the state and local meteorology is invested by the local government, we should enrich the personnel strength of meteorological units at all levels and equip them with professional and technical personnel, among which the auxiliary posts can be solved by the way of government purchasing services, so that meteorological practitioners at all levels can meet the business post demand and realize their responsibilities and tasks.

　　C13 Proportion of Talent Structure in Meteorological Department

　　The educational background structure and professional title structure of the local meteorological department talent team are comprehensive indicators reflecting the overall quality of the meteorological talent team and its ability to support meteorological business. The academic structure is reflected by the proportion of people with bachelor degree or above, and the professional title structure is reflected by the proportion of people with intermediate or above titles.

　　C2 Public Finance Guarantee Level

　　C21 meteorological planning project support rate

　　It reflects the degree of support and guarantee of local public finance at all levels to local meteorological planning projects in order to meet the meteorological service needs of local society. The calculation method is: the investment funds of local public finance at all levels for meteorological planning projects ÷ (the total investment of local meteorological planning projects at all levels-the construction funds invested by the central government) ×100%.

　　C22 Operational Support Rate of Meteorological Service

　　It reflects the degree to which local public finances at all levels support and guarantee the operation of local meteorological services in order to meet the meteorological service needs of local society. The calculation method is: the investment funds of local public finance at all levels for meteorological operation ÷ (the total funds of meteorological operation of local meteorological departments at all levels-the funds invested by the central government for meteorological operation) ×100%.

　　C3 meteorological administration level according to law

　　C31 Standardization degree of meteorological administrative law enforcement

　　The subject of meteorological administrative law enforcement is qualified, and meteorological laws, regulations, rules and industry standards are implemented in strict accordance with legal authority and procedures, and law enforcement behavior is standardized, fair and civilized.

　　C32 convenience degree of administrative license

　　The proportion of meteorological administrative license stationed in the local administrative service hall or administrative service center reflects the convenience of meteorological departments in the management of meteorological affairs. The calculation method is the number of meteorological administrative licenses stationed in the local government service hall (or service center) ÷ the number of meteorological administrative licenses to be stationed in the local government service hall (or service center) × 100%.

　　D meteorological forecast level

　　Accuracy of D1 disaster weather forecast

　　D11 Accuracy of Severe Convective Weather Forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the forecast level of local severe convective weather. Strong convective weather is characterized by sudden occurrence, severe weather and great destructive power, often accompanied by strong convective weather such as thunderstorm and gale, hail, tornado and local heavy rainfall, and it is one of the important disastrous weather in our province.

　　D12 Accuracy of Haze Weather Forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the local haze weather forecast level. The monitoring, forecasting and early warning of haze weather is highly concerned by the public, and it is also an important task to improve the environment and promote the construction of a low-carbon society.

　　D13 Accuracy of rainstorm forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the local rainstorm forecast level. Heavy rain is one of the important and frequently disastrous weather in our province, especially the large-scale persistent heavy rain and concentrated heavy rain, which are easy to cause serious losses to people’s lives and property.

　　D2 Daily Weather Forecast Accuracy

　　D21 Forecast Accuracy of Sunny Rain

　　The index reflecting the daily forecast level of sunny and rainy weather is mainly reflected by the forecast accuracy of sunny and rainy weather within 24 hours. The forecast of sunny and rainy weather is closely related to people’s daily life and work, directly related to people’s living arrangements, commuting and so on.

　　D22 accuracy of temperature forecast

　　As an indicator reflecting the daily temperature forecast level, the temperature forecast in all parts of Guangdong has always been in the forefront of the country. In order to let the public know the temperature forecast level in all parts of our province more intuitively, since 2008, our province has carried out the quantitative evaluation standard of temperature forecast, so this item is mainly reflected by the average absolute error of the highest and lowest temperature forecasts in the quantitative evaluation standard of temperature forecast in our province.

　　E building social ability

　　E1 Overall capacity of public meteorological services

　　E11 meteorological service public welfare index refers to

　　The public’s recognition of the public welfare of meteorological services. It is an indicator of the effectiveness of the meteorological department to meet the public’s demand for basic meteorological services to the maximum extent and provide various public welfare meteorological services free of charge. At present, our province has provided meteorological information to the public free of charge through TV, radio, newspapers, websites, weather Weibo, emergency short message publishing platform and electronic display screen. The index data is collected by random survey method, and the specific algorithm is: free access to meteorological information ÷ all access to meteorological information ×100.

　　E12 meteorological service convenience index

　　The public can obtain the latest meteorological information (including weather channel, 12121 telephone, meteorological short message, Weibo, website, newspaper, radio, television and other media) conveniently and quickly through at least one way, which reflects the convenience of the public in obtaining public meteorological services. The index data is collected by random survey method, and the specific calculation method is L=L1*40%+L2*60%, where L is the convenience evaluation of meteorological service acquisition, L1 is the convenience evaluation of daily weather forecast information acquisition, and L2 is the convenience evaluation of disastrous weather forecast information acquisition.

　　E13 indicators of equalization of urban and rural services

　　The difference between urban and township residents’ access to basic meteorological services through TV, radio, website, short message, newspaper, Weibo and early warning release mechanism is an indicator that local meteorological departments can narrow the gap between urban and rural public meteorological services and improve the equalization ability of urban and rural services, which can be expressed by the difference in urban and rural meteorological information coverage. The specific calculation method is: equalization coefficient of urban and rural services = meteorological information coverage rate of rural residents ÷ meteorological information coverage rate of urban residents ×100%, where urban (or rural) meteorological information coverage rate is the ratio of the number of urban (or rural) respondents who think that they can effectively obtain meteorological information to the total number of urban (or rural) respondents. Shenzhen and other cities that have completed rural urbanization and have no rural residents (rural population) can use township residents (rural population) to replace rural residents (rural population) and urban residents (urban population) to replace urban residents (urban population) to calculate relevant indicators.

　　E2 Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Service Capacity

　　E21 Early Warning Information Release Advance

　　Reflect whether it is timely to adjust the warning level, correct the warning information and announce the lifting of the alarm. Early warning signal is the first and most important meteorological disaster warning information provided to the society. Early warning is conducive to taking preventive measures in advance to reduce or avoid people’s lives and property losses. This index refers to the advance time of warning signals of various disastrous weather, such as rainstorm and typhoon, relative to the actual situation.

　　E22 Connection rate of meteorological disaster emergency plan

　　The member units of the headquarters of major meteorological disasters shall, according to the emergency plan for meteorological disasters in Guangdong Province and the emergency plan for local meteorological disasters, formulate detailed rules for the implementation of their own units, clarify the response measures taken when major meteorological disasters occur, and carry out meteorological disaster prevention work. Its calculation method is: L=M/N×100%, where l is the connection rate of meteorological disaster emergency plan, m is the number of member units that have formulated and implemented the detailed rules of meteorological disaster emergency plan, and n is the total number of member units of major meteorological disaster headquarters.

　　E23 Information Release Green Channel Perfection Rate

　　All communication operators open a green channel for the release of meteorological early warning information, so as to improve the timely release rate of meteorological early warning information, so that people from all walks of life can receive meteorological early warning and other meteorological information more timely through mobile phones, and improve the ability of social meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation. The calculation method is: L=M/N×100%, where L is the perfection rate of green channels for meteorological early warning information release, M is the number of established green channels for meteorological early warning information release, and N is the total number of local green channels for meteorological early warning information release.

　　E24 Early Warning Information Release Coverage

　　The purpose of setting this index is to effectively improve the coverage of meteorological information, make it spread to the public in a timely and effective manner, facilitate the public to arrange their daily work, life and travel reasonably, and reduce the loss of life and property caused by meteorological disasters. Mainly refers to the proportion of urban and rural communities that can obtain meteorological information, reflecting the level of meteorological information reaching households and users through digital TV, smart phones, information networks and other means.

　　E3 engineering meteorological service capacity

　　E31 Detection rate of lightning protection devices in buildings

　　The detection ratio of lightning protection devices in buildings is an index to reflect the lightning protection ability of buildings, protect life and property and reduce lightning loss. The calculation method is the number of buildings that have been tested with lightning protection devices ÷ the number of buildings that should be tested with lightning protection devices ×100%.

　　E32 Lightning strike risk assessment rate of major engineering projects

　　The proportion of major infrastructure construction, large-scale engineering construction and other major engineering projects to carry out lightning disaster risk assessment. The calculation method is the number of major engineering projects that have carried out lightning disaster risk assessment ÷ the number of major engineering projects that should carry out lightning disaster risk assessment ×100%.

　　E33 Coverage of Climate Feasibility Demonstration

　　The proportion of legal projects such as urban planning, provincial key construction projects, major regional economic development projects and large-scale solar energy, wind energy and other climate resources development and utilization projects to carry out climate feasibility demonstration. The calculation method is the number of major engineering projects that have carried out climate feasibility demonstration ÷ the number of major engineering projects that should carry out climate feasibility demonstration ×100%.

　　F social and economic benefits

　　F1 Public Meteorological Service Satisfaction

　　F11 Overall satisfaction of public meteorological services

　　The public’s recognition of meteorological services provided by meteorological departments is a comprehensive index, which can reflect the overall level of meteorological services. The evaluation method adopts five-level scoring method, and the data is obtained by entrusting a third-party agency to investigate.

　　F12 decision meteorological service overall satisfaction.

　　City, county (District) Party committees and governments at all levels and relevant departments of the local meteorological departments to provide relevant decision-making consulting services. The scoring method adopts five-level scoring method, and the evaluation of meteorological decision-making consulting service is obtained through investigation.

　　F2 Benefits of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

　　F21 Impact rate of meteorological disasters on GDP

　　The purpose of setting this index is to comprehensively evaluate the economic and social benefits of meteorological services. It is mainly reflected by the proportion of economic losses caused by meteorological disasters to GDP.

　　F22 input-output ratio of public finance

　　The contribution of meteorological input of public finance to the development of social economy and the protection of life and property is calculated by sociological evaluation methods such as Delphi method.

　　Guangdong Province takes the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization at the provincial level.

　　Interpretation of Evaluation Index System (2012-2015)

　　A national meteorological consciousness

　　A1 meteorological knowledge penetration rate

　　A11 Meteorological knowledge penetration rate

　　The proportion of the public who can correctly understand and use meteorological information and avoid meteorological disasters reflects the popularity of meteorological science knowledge among the public in our province. The index data is collected by random survey method. In order to reflect the comprehensiveness of the survey data, this item makes survey statistics on urban and rural residents respectively. The specific calculation method is meteorological knowledge penetration rate = urban residents’ meteorological knowledge penetration rate × urban population ratio in Guangdong Province+rural residents’ meteorological knowledge penetration rate × rural population ratio in Guangdong Province, where the urban (or rural) residents’ meteorological knowledge penetration rate is the ratio of the number of urban (or rural) respondents with relevant meteorological knowledge to the total number of urban (or rural) respondents.

　　A2 Meteorological knowledge awareness

　　A21 Meteorological knowledge awareness

　　Indicators that reflect the public’s ability to know, understand and apply meteorological information and knowledge such as weather forecast and early warning, meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and response to climate change. The index data is collected by random survey method, and the specific algorithm is L=(L1+L2+L3+L4+L5)/5, where L is the awareness of meteorological knowledge, L1 is the public’s awareness of weather forecast and early warning signals, L2 is the public’s awareness of ways to obtain weather forecast and early warning information, L3 is the public’s awareness of lightning hazards and lightning prevention knowledge, L4 is the public’s awareness of local weather prevention measures for multiple disasters, and L5 is the public’s awareness of climate change.

　　B meteorological basic conditions

　　B1 Comprehensive meteorological observation capability

　　B11 completeness of meteorological observation system

　　The macro-,meso-and micro-stereoscopic monitoring capability and advanced degree of land and ocean in our province, including the types of observation items and the density of observation station network. Meteorological observation is the basis of developing meteorological forecast service, and the completeness of meteorological observation system is the direct embodiment of the basic level of meteorological modernization.

　　B12 degree of automation of meteorological observation

　　With the development of electronics, communication and other series of science and technology, meteorological observation is changing from manual and qualitative observation to automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation. Automation is an important condition and one of the remarkable signs of meteorological science and technology modernization. This item refers to the proportion of all kinds of meteorological monitoring equipment that realize automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation (that is, manual observation is not needed, and meteorological observers only need to monitor and process the meteorological data automatically collected by the equipment, quality control and equipment maintenance). The calculation method is the number of types of meteorological monitoring equipment for automatic remote sensing and quantitative observation ÷ the total number of types of meteorological monitoring equipment in the province ×100%.

　　B13 Environmental guarantee conditions for meteorological observation

　　The comprehensive score of detection environment of ground stations in our province calculated according to the scoring method of detection environment of ground meteorological stations in China. Meteorological stations that meet the detection standards are the premise of obtaining representative, accurate and comparative meteorological detection information. This index reflects the degree of environmental protection of meteorological stations by governments at all levels to ensure the accuracy of meteorological information. The calculation method is L = (L1+L2+L3+…+Ln)/n, where L is the environmental quality of meteorological observation, and LN is the environmental score of the N-th ground meteorological station calculated according to the scoring method of ground meteorological stations in China.

　　B2 Meteorological information processing capability

　　B21 communication network bandwidth

　　Meteorological institutions at the provincial, city and county levels can input the bandwidth (i.e. access rate) from the network. It reflects the transmission capacity of meteorological information data in our province, and reflects the timely degree of meteorological data from collection to business application. According to the requirements of provincial, city and county meteorological network access rate in the Meteorological Information Network System Development Plan (2011-2015) of China Meteorological Bureau, the goal of meteorological network access rate in our province is to reach 300Mbps at the provincial level, 50Mbps at the prefecture (city) level and 20Mbps at the county level. This item can be reflected by the communication network bandwidth compliance rate of meteorological departments at all levels. The specific algorithm is L=L1*0.4+L2*0.3+L3*0.3, where L1 is the proportion of county meteorological bureaus with bandwidth above 20Mbps, L2 is the proportion of municipal meteorological bureaus with bandwidth above 50Mbps, and L3 is 1 when the communication bandwidth of provincial meteorological bureaus reaches above 300Mbps, otherwise L3 is 0.

　　B22 department information sharing rate

　　The sharing degree of meteorological information and meteorological-related information among various departments reflects the contribution of meteorological information to the effective social and economic activities of various departments such as disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change response and low-carbon development. The calculation method is: the types of meteorological information and meteorological related information shared by departments ÷ the types of meteorological information and related information to be shared ×100%.

　　B3 meteorological science and technology innovation ability

　　B31 Number of National Key Laboratories

　　Number of national key laboratories in meteorological industry in our province. Key laboratory is an important carrier of scientific and technological innovation platform and an important embodiment of meteorological science and technology infrastructure.

　　B32 meteorological science and technology support level

　　The index reflecting the investment of meteorological research funds aims to strengthen the guarantee of meteorological science and technology innovation and improve the level of meteorological science and technology. The calculation method is that the annual investment in meteorological research funds ÷ the total meteorological business expenses of the province in that year ×100%.

　　C meteorological system guarantee

　　C1 meteorological service system completeness level

　　C11 Emergency Early Warning Information Release Guarantee Level

　　The release of emergency warning information is an important means to improve the defense ability of meteorological and other natural disasters and social emergencies, and it is also an important meteorological work to ensure the social and economic transformation and upgrading of our province and build a happy Guangdong. Perfecting the meteorological service system for issuing and receiving provincial emergency warning information is an important guarantee for our province to effectively and timely issue emergency warning information, scientifically carry out emergency warning and improve the ability to protect people’s lives and property.

　　Completeness of meteorological staff at C12 provincial level

　　In order to meet the meteorological service demand of local society, according to the principle that national meteorology is invested by the state and local meteorology is invested by the local government, we should enrich the personnel strength of meteorological units at all levels and equip them with professional and technical personnel, among which the auxiliary posts can be solved by the way of government purchasing services, so that provincial meteorological practitioners can meet the business post demand and realize their responsibilities and tasks.

　　C13 Proportion of Talent Structure in Meteorological Department

　　The educational background structure and professional title structure of the talent team of meteorological departments in the whole province are comprehensive indicators reflecting the overall quality of the meteorological talent team and its ability to support meteorological services. The academic structure is reflected by the proportion of people with bachelor degree or above, and the professional title structure is reflected by the proportion of people with intermediate or above titles.

　　C2 Public Finance Guarantee Level

　　C21 meteorological planning project support rate

　　It reflects the degree of financial support and guarantee of local public finance at all levels for local meteorological planning projects in order to meet the meteorological service needs of local society. The calculation method is: the investment funds of local public finance at all levels for meteorological planning projects ÷ (the total investment of local meteorological planning projects at all levels-the construction funds invested by the central government) ×100%.

　　C22 Operational Support Rate of Meteorological Service

　　It reflects the degree to which local public finances at all levels support and guarantee the operation of local meteorological services in order to meet the meteorological service needs of local society. The calculation method is: the investment funds of local public finance at all levels for meteorological operation ÷ (the total funds of meteorological operation of local meteorological departments at all levels-the funds invested by the central government for meteorological operation) ×100%.

　　C3 meteorological administration level according to law

　　Completeness of C31 local meteorological legislation and standards

　　The scientific and perfect degree of the meteorological laws and regulations system matched with local meteorological laws and regulations, government regulations and important normative documents and rules and regulations reflects the level of standardization and legalization development of meteorological undertakings.

　　C32 Standardization degree of meteorological administrative law enforcement

　　The subject of meteorological administrative law enforcement is qualified, and meteorological laws, regulations, rules and industry standards are implemented in strict accordance with legal authority and procedures, and law enforcement behavior is standardized, fair and civilized.

　　C33 convenience degree of administrative license

　　The proportion of meteorological administrative license stationed in the local administrative service hall or administrative service center reflects the convenience of meteorological departments in the management of meteorological affairs. The calculation method is the number of meteorological administrative licenses stationed in the local government service hall (or service center) ÷ the number of meteorological administrative licenses to be stationed in the local government service hall (or service center) × 100%.

　　D meteorological forecast level

　　Accuracy of D1 disaster weather forecast

　　D11 Accuracy of Typhoon Track Forecast

　　The index reflecting the level of typhoon track forecast in Guangdong is reflected by the deviation of typhoon track forecast for 24 hours. Typhoon is the most serious and dangerous severe weather affecting Guangdong. Whether the typhoon track forecast is accurate or not is closely related to disaster prevention and mitigation and the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　D12 Accuracy of Severe Convective Weather Forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the forecast level of severe convective weather in our province. Strong convective weather is characterized by sudden occurrence, severe weather and great destructive power, often accompanied by strong convective weather such as thunderstorm and gale, hail, tornado and local heavy rainfall, and it is one of the important disastrous weather in our province.

　　D13 Accuracy of Haze Weather Forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the level of haze weather forecast in our province. The monitoring, forecasting and early warning of haze weather is highly concerned by the public, and it is also an important task to improve the environment and promote the construction of a low-carbon society.

　　D14 rainstorm forecast accuracy

　　Indicators reflecting the level of rainstorm forecast in our province. Heavy rain is one of the important and frequently disastrous weather in our province, especially the large-scale persistent heavy rain and concentrated heavy rain, which are easy to cause serious losses to people’s lives and property.

　　D15 cold wave forecast accuracy

　　Indicators reflecting the level of cold wave forecast in our province. As one of the important disastrous weather in Guangdong Province, the cold wave is very harmful to the agriculture of "Three Highs". In 2008, the low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather brought serious economic losses and social impacts to our province. This item is evaluated by the accuracy of low temperature disaster weather forecast in our province.

　　D2 Daily Weather Forecast Accuracy

　　D21 Forecast Accuracy of Sunny Rain

　　The index reflecting the daily forecast level of sunny and rainy weather is mainly reflected by the forecast accuracy of sunny and rainy weather within 24 hours. The forecast of sunny and rainy weather is closely related to people’s daily life and work, directly related to people’s living arrangements, commuting and so on.

　　D22 accuracy of temperature forecast

　　Indicators reflecting the daily temperature forecast level. Our province’s temperature forecast has been in the forefront of the country. In order to let the public know the level of temperature forecast in our province more intuitively, since 2008, our province has carried out the quantitative evaluation standard of temperature forecast, so this item is mainly reflected by the average absolute error of the highest and lowest temperature forecasts in the quantitative evaluation standard of temperature forecast in our province.

　　D3 regional numerical weather forecast level

　　Numerical weather forecast refers to the weather forecast made by solving the equations of atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics with numerical method on a supercomputer with the meteorological observation data at a certain moment after analysis and initialization as the initial value. It is the core meteorological technology in the world at present.

　　D31 supercomputer operation speed

　　The total peak floating-point computing power of supercomputers used for numerical prediction. Numerical prediction has the characteristics of large amount of data and complex calculation. The development of numerical prediction has always been closely related to the development of supercomputers. This item reflects the support of supercomputers for numerical prediction operation calculation.

　　D32 Spatio-temporal resolution of main products

　　The time and space refinement degree of numerical prediction products.

　　D33 Availability Index of Main Products

　　The accuracy of 24-hour typhoon, precipitation, temperature and other main numerical forecast products reflects the availability of numerical forecast products and reflects the forecast level of numerical weather forecast model.

　　E ability to benefit society

　　E1 Overall capacity of public meteorological services

　　E11 meteorological service public welfare index

　　Refers to the public’s recognition of the public welfare of meteorological services. It is an indicator of the effectiveness of the meteorological department to meet the public’s demand for basic meteorological services to the maximum extent and provide various public welfare meteorological services free of charge. At present, our province has provided meteorological information to the public free of charge through TV, radio, newspapers, websites, weather Weibo, emergency short message publishing platform and electronic display screen. The index data is collected by random survey method, and the specific algorithm is: free access to meteorological information ÷ all access to meteorological information ×100.

　　E12 meteorological service convenience index

　　The public can obtain the latest meteorological information (including weather channel, 12121 telephone, meteorological short message, Weibo, website, newspaper, radio, television and other media) conveniently and quickly through at least one way, which reflects the convenience of the public in obtaining public meteorological services. The index data is collected by random survey method, and the specific calculation method is L=L1*40%+L2*60%, where L is the convenience evaluation of meteorological service acquisition, L1 is the convenience evaluation of daily weather forecast information acquisition, and L2 is the convenience evaluation of disastrous weather forecast information acquisition.

　　E13 indicators of equalization of urban and rural services

　　The difference between urban and township residents’ access to basic meteorological services through TV, radio, websites, short messages, newspapers, Weibo and early warning release mechanism is an indicator reflecting the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural public meteorological services and improving the ability of equalization of urban and rural services in our province, which can be expressed by the difference of urban and rural meteorological information coverage. The specific calculation method is: equalization coefficient of urban and rural services = meteorological information coverage rate of rural residents ÷ meteorological information coverage rate of urban residents ×100%, where urban (or rural) meteorological information coverage rate is the ratio of the number of urban (or rural) respondents who think that they can effectively obtain meteorological information to the total number of urban (or rural) respondents.

　　E2 Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Service Capacity

　　E21 Early Warning Information Release Advance

　　Reflect whether it is timely to adjust the warning level, correct the warning information and announce the lifting of the alarm. Early warning signal is the first and most important meteorological disaster warning information provided to the society. Early warning is conducive to taking preventive measures in advance to reduce or avoid people’s lives and property losses. This index refers to the advance time of warning signals of various disastrous weather, such as rainstorm and typhoon, relative to the actual situation.

　　E22 Connection rate of meteorological disaster emergency plan

　　According to the "Guangdong Meteorological Disaster Emergency Plan", the member units of the major meteorological disaster headquarters formulate detailed rules for the implementation of their own units, clarify the response measures taken when major meteorological disasters occur, and carry out meteorological disaster prevention work. Its calculation method is: L=M/N×100%, where l is the connection rate of meteorological disaster emergency plan, m is the number of member units that have formulated and implemented the detailed rules of "Guangdong Meteorological Disaster Emergency Plan", and n is the total number of member units of major meteorological disaster headquarters.

　　E23 Information Release Green Channel Perfection Rate

　　All communication operators have opened a green channel for the release of major meteorological early warning information, so as to improve the timely release rate of major meteorological early warning information, so that people from all walks of life can receive major meteorological early warning information more timely through mobile phones, and improve the ability of social meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation. The calculation method is: L=M/N×100%, where L is the perfection rate of green channels for major meteorological early warning information release, M is the number of established green channels for major meteorological early warning information release, and N is the total number of green channels for major meteorological early warning information in our province.

　　E24 Early Warning Information Release Coverage

　　The purpose of setting this index is to effectively improve the coverage of meteorological information, make it spread to the public in a timely and effective manner, facilitate the public to arrange their daily work, life and travel reasonably, and reduce the loss of life and property caused by meteorological disasters. Mainly refers to the proportion of urban and rural communities that can obtain meteorological information, reflecting the level of meteorological information reaching households and users through digital TV, smart phones, information networks and other means.

　　E3 engineering meteorological service capacity

　　E31 Detection rate of lightning protection devices in buildings

　　The detection ratio of lightning protection devices in buildings is an index to reflect the lightning protection ability of buildings, protect life and property and reduce lightning loss. The calculation method is the number of buildings that have been tested with lightning protection devices ÷ the number of buildings that should be tested with lightning protection devices ×100%.

　　E32 Lightning strike risk assessment rate of major engineering projects

　　The proportion of major infrastructure construction, large-scale engineering construction and other major engineering projects to carry out lightning disaster risk assessment. The calculation method is the number of major engineering projects that have carried out lightning disaster risk assessment ÷ the number of major engineering projects that should carry out lightning disaster risk assessment ×100%.

　　E33 Coverage of Climate Feasibility Demonstration

　　The proportion of statutory projects such as urban planning, national key construction projects, major regional economic development projects and large-scale solar energy, wind energy and other climate resources development and utilization projects to carry out climate feasibility demonstration. The calculation method is the number of major engineering projects that have carried out climate feasibility demonstration ÷ the number of major engineering projects that should carry out climate feasibility demonstration ×100%.

　　E34 Operation Efficiency of Weather Modification

　　The purpose of setting this index is to reasonably and effectively develop cloud and water resources in the air, improve the service level of shadow business, build an aircraft operation detection system and a ground operation system composed of ground rockets, anti-aircraft guns and smoke stoves, and improve the remote control automation level of ground operations. This index is mainly reflected by the area and efficiency of artificial precipitation enhancement.

　　F social and economic benefits

　　F1 Public Meteorological Service Satisfaction

　　F11 Overall satisfaction of public meteorological services

　　The public’s recognition of meteorological services provided by meteorological departments in our province is evaluated by the public on the timeliness and accuracy of meteorological services, which is a comprehensive index and can reflect the overall level of meteorological services. The evaluation method adopts five-level scoring method, and the data is obtained by entrusting a third-party agency to investigate.

　　F12 decision meteorological service overall satisfaction.

　　The recognition degree of the provincial party committee, provincial government and relevant departments to the meteorological department of our province to provide relevant decision-making consulting services. The scoring method adopts five-level scoring method, and the evaluation of meteorological decision-making consulting service is obtained through investigation.

　　F2 Benefits of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

　　F21 Impact rate of meteorological disasters on GDP

　　The purpose of setting this index is to comprehensively evaluate the economic and social benefits of meteorological services. It is mainly reflected by the proportion of economic losses caused by meteorological disasters to GDP.

　　F22 input-output ratio of public finance

　　The contribution of meteorological input of public finance to the development of social economy and the protection of life and property can be calculated by sociological evaluation methods such as Delphi method.

　　

　　Appendix 1: Evaluation Index System of Guangdong Province’s Prefecture-level Cities Taking the Lead in Realizing Meteorological Modernization (2012-2015)

　　Appendix 2: Evaluation Index System of Guangdong Province’s First Provincial Meteorological Modernization (2012-2015)

On April 13th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the foreign trade import and export in the first quarter. According to customs statistics, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade in the first quarter was 9.89 trillion yuan, up 4.8% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 5.65 trillion yuan, up 8.4% year-on-year; Imports were 4.24 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.2%. "In the first quarter, China’s foreign trade import and export showed strong resilience, and the start was stable and good, laying the foundation for achieving stable and improved foreign trade throughout the year." Lu Daliang, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistical Analysis Department, said at the press conference.

The number of foreign trade business entities has increased steadily.

Since the beginning of this year, the domestic epidemic situation has turned steadily, and the resumption of work and production has been accelerated. China’s economic operation has stabilized and rebounded, and production and demand have gradually improved, which has promoted the obvious stabilization of foreign trade import and export.

The growth rate of foreign trade import and export has increased month by month. In January this year, affected by the Spring Festival holiday, imports and exports fell by 7%; "From negative to positive" in February, with an increase of 8% in that month; In March, the year-on-year growth rate increased to 15.5%, showing a good trend month by month. In the first quarter, the overall import and export increased by 4.8%, 2.6 percentage points higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year. "The import and export of foreign trade is improving month by month, which is the embodiment of the majority of foreign trade enterprises giving full play to their vitality, taking the initiative and actively grasping orders and expanding the market." Lu Daliang said.

The number of foreign trade business entities has increased steadily. In the first quarter, there were 457,000 foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance, up 5.9% year-on-year. Among them, a large number of flexible private enterprises have played an active role in stabilizing the scale and optimizing the structure of foreign trade. In the first quarter, there were 384,000 private enterprises, up by 7.5%, and the import and export was 5.18 trillion yuan, up by 14.4%, accounting for 52.4% of the total import and export value. In the same period, the import and export of foreign-invested enterprises was 3.04 trillion yuan, and the import and export of state-owned enterprises was 1.65 trillion yuan, accounting for 30.7% and 16.7% of the total import and export value respectively.

The proportion of import and export of general trade increased. In the first quarter, the import and export of general trade was 6.46 trillion yuan, up 7.9% year-on-year, accounting for 65.3% of the total import and export value, up 1.9 percentage points over the same period last year. Among them, exports were 3.68 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.7%; Imports reached 2.78 trillion yuan, up 2.2%.

The "new three" performance is eye-catching

Faced with the challenge of weakening external demand, China’s foreign trade is facing difficulties, and its new competitive advantages and new growth momentum are constantly cultivated and strengthened, which has played a more positive role in the overall stability of foreign trade. In the first quarter, China’s electric manned vehicles, lithium batteries and solar cells were the "new three kinds", with a total export of 264.69 billion yuan, up 66.9% year-on-year, accounting for 1.7 percentage points higher than the national export, reaching 4.7%.

The driving force for overall export growth continued to increase. Last year, the "new three samples" boosted the overall export growth of China by 1.7 percentage points, and in the first quarter of this year, it boosted the overall export growth by 2 percentage points, further increasing the pulling effect.

Exports to major trading partners grew rapidly. In the first quarter of this year, China’s exports to the five major markets of the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, South Korea and the United Kingdom increased by 88.7%, 88.1%, 103.5%, 121.7% and 118.2%, respectively, accounting for 71.6% of the total export value of the new three products.

All kinds of foreign trade main body exports compete to exert strength. In the first quarter, private enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, state-owned enterprises and other business entities all achieved rapid growth in their exports, with the growth rates reaching 79.3%, 40.9% and 121.9% respectively. Among them, private enterprises accounted for 65.4% of the total export value of the "new three samples", the proportion increased by 4.5 percentage points compared with the same period of last year, and the proportion of private enterprises in the total export was higher than that of private enterprises.

Electric manned vehicles lead the "new three". In the first quarter, the export of electric manned vehicles was 64.75 billion yuan, an increase of 122.3%, and the growth rate was the fastest among the "new three"; The proportion of China’s automobile exports increased by 5.1 percentage points to 43.9%.

The RCEP policy dividend continues to be released.

This year marks the 10th anniversary of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative and the 10th anniversary of the major initiative to build a closer China-ASEAN community of destiny. In the past 10 years, the proportion of China’s imports and exports to countries along the Belt and Road has increased from 25% in 2013 to 32.9% in 2022; China’s trade with ASEAN grew at an average annual rate of 9.9%, which was 4.3 percentage points faster than that of China’s foreign trade as a whole, and ASEAN jumped from the third largest trading partner of China to the largest trading partner.

From the first quarter of this year, China’s import and export to ASEAN was 1.56 trillion yuan, up 16.1% year-on-year, 11.3 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate, accounting for 15.8% of the total import and export value. In the same period, China’s import and export to countries along the Belt and Road increased by 16.8%, accounting for 34.6% of the total import and export value, an increase of 3.5 percentage points; Imports and exports to other member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) increased by 7.3%.

"Benefiting from the policy dividend brought about by the implementation of RCEP, the trade between China and ASEAN continues to heat up. In the first quarter, the import and export scale between China and ASEAN accounted for 50.8% of the foreign trade scale with RCEP trading partners, accounting for more than half. " Lv Daliang introduced that in the first quarter, China enterprises benefited from the import value of 18.25 billion yuan under RCEP, and the tax concession was 480 million yuan. The main goods that benefited from the import were plastics and their products, machinery and appliances and their parts, inorganic chemicals, etc. The export amount is 62.29 billion yuan, and the tariff reduction of member countries is 930 million yuan. The main export commodities are clothing and clothing accessories, inorganic chemicals, plastics and their products. There are 578 approved exporters in China who independently issued 2181 RCEP declaration of origin, with a value of 2.05 billion yuan.

Lv Daliang said that China and ASEAN are important trading partners of each other. With the continuous release of dividends after the entry into force of RCEP and the acceleration of the negotiation process of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area Version 3.0, the economic and trade cooperation between the two sides is expected to continue to maintain a good momentum. (Reporter Xu Peiyu)

　　New york USA.

　　Overseas Network May 18thAccording to the New York Post website reported on May 17, a new geological research report in the United States shows that new york is facing a serious problem of ground subsidence, and the weight of millions of skyscrapers in the city is causing it to sink into the surrounding water.

　　According to the research, there are more than one million skyscrapers in new york, which causes the city to sink at the rate of 1-2 mm per year, and the sinking speed is even faster in some areas. Among them, the risk of sinking in lower Manhattan is very serious, and the situation in Brooklyn and Queens is equally worrying.

　　Geologist Tom Parsons, chief researcher of USGS, said that the subsidence of the ground made new york extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. Parsons’ team wrote in the research report: "The Atlantic coast of North America faces the threat of rising sea level, and its threat level is three to four times that of the global average; Among them, new york City faces a serious threat of flood disasters, resulting in 8.4 million people facing different degrees of flood hazards. "

　　The report also mentioned that new york City has been affected by the ground subsidence since more than ten years ago, and two hurricanes swept through new york in ten years, causing serious damage and casualties. Parsons is worried that many building structures in new york may be eroded by seawater in the future, and said that the probability of high-intensity hurricanes hitting new york will increase in the next few decades. (Overseas Network/Zhang Ni Internship Compilation/Coconut Willow)

　　The Grand Canal bears a long history and culture, and it is of great significance to explore and study the historical relics along the canal and the profound accumulation of it for the protection and inheritance of the canal culture.

　　From the perspective of Wuxi local architecture, the author tells the story of "Hezhuang Muxing" in the past century. "Hezhuang Muxing" is a historical proof that the Grand Canal has promoted the economic development of people’s livelihood in Wuxi water town, and calls for the protection of this unique and scarce heritage of the Grand Canal.

　　Brief introduction of the author

　　Yang Jingming, male, from Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, lives in Hezhuang Muxing. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University, senior engineer of mechanical power engineering, researcher of Wuxi Celebrity Culture Research Institute.

　　one

　　Canal historical sites — — "Former site of Hezhuang Muhang"

　　Between the modern high-rise buildings of Taihu New Town in Wuxi, next to the intersection of Wudu Road and Lihu Avenue, there is a water town courtyard with distinctive white walls and tiles hidden in the shade, with patchwork horse head walls, fine plastic carvings of the door head, rhombic floor-to-ceiling windows, pillow water old buildings and wooden pavilions. This is the former site of the first rural wooden walk "Hezhuang Wooden Walk" in Wuxi and Jingui County. Villagers often come here, remembering the flowing Shanxi River, recalling the former farming countryside, and telling the story of the canal love and the past of the water town in Muxing.

　　The historical site of "Hezhuang Muxing" is included in Wuxi Literature and History Materials and Xuelang Local History. In August 2008, Wuxi Municipal People’s Government announced "Hezhuang Muhang" as the first batch of local protected buildings. In the third national cultural relics survey, "Hezhuang Muxing" was selected as "New Discovery" in the cultural relics survey of Jiangsu Province. In September 2016, the Wuxi Municipal People’s Government announced that the "Hezhuang Muxing former site" was a cultural relic protection unit in Wuxi.

　　"Hezhuang Muxing" is located in Hezhuang Village, Shanxi River, Changguangxi River in Sinan area of Taihu Lake, which belongs to Kaihua Township, Wuxi County. According to the historical records of "Xishan Yang’s Genealogy" collected in Daonan Temple, "There are people who are famous for their rivers and villages 30 miles south of Xicheng, in which the dangerous mountains are stacked around the east and west, and the waves in the meandering layer are reflected on the left and right, and the Zhong Ling Yuxiu generation is surprising". Here, "the water around Shitang in the west and the peak of snow waves in the south", the natural environment of Jiangnan water town is very beautiful. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the ninth grandson of Mr. Yang Shi, the ancestor of Yang in Xishan and the founder of Donglin Academy, "moved here because of the victory of landscape". In the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1862), the 26th Sun Yangqing Bridge established the first country wooden shop in Wuxi and Jingui County in Hezhuang to meet the needs of building villagers’ houses and repairing boats in water towns. Taking advantage of the convenience of the river in his hometown, he cooperated with timber merchants to organize the supply of goods from Anhui and Jiangxi, and transported the raft to the Hezhuang on the bank of Shanxi River for sale by relying on the natural channel of Xin ‘anjiang River and Yangtze River to enter the Grand Canal and Changguangxi Road in Lihu Lake. Because of the continuous supply of wood, it has brought great convenience to the villagers. Shipbuilding, farmhouse construction, carpentry and furniture and farm tools manufacturing industries in neighboring areas have been established one after another, and they have expanded rapidly around the river village, which has promoted the development of regional people’s livelihood economy.

　　Yang Qingqiao and "Hezhuang Muxing" became more and more famous, when children’s songs were sung:

　　Fireflies, red at night, and clear bridges in Hezhuang.

　　The raft docked beside the revetment, and the boat rested in the middle of the river.

　　Long shoots come from several provinces, and new houses are built all over Nansanxiang.

　　There are wooden guests in Huizhou, and the wood business is really prosperous.

　　The name of the new (clear) bridge in Hezhuang also started from this.

▲ Geographical location map of "Hezhuang Muxing"

　　"Hezhuang Muxing" is distributed on both sides of Shanxi River, standing beside the pillow river, with ancient bridges connected and cross-shaped river banks. Hexi is a shop and a house, with chairs along the river; Hedong is the shore boat (material storage) and workshop, and the east of the shore boat is Yang’s Ancestral Hall. Rafts stretch for miles on both sides of the Shanxi River and in the surrounding buckets. Stone revetments are built on both sides of the river at this site, and there is a boat dock next to the original stone bridge corridor shed, which is the main waterway transportation route for Sinan villagers to enter the city.

▲ Old landscape of Hezhuang Muxing on both sides of Shanxi River.

　　"Hezhuang Muxing" is a typical residential building in Jiangnan water town in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The shop is a two-story building facing east, and the bottom floor is a door-plank pavement, old-fashioned accounting room and cabinet plate. The residence faces south, with plastic carved doors, floor-to-ceiling windows, patios and courtyards, and halls and side compartments. The wooden structure is in the shape of a convex olive, which is commonly called "Yuanbao" by Wuxi people, which means good luck and prosperity and has strong local characteristics. After the restoration of the old site, only the west bank houses and shops of Muhang were left, and a section of water features was rebuilt next to the old site. Cultural protection experts pointed out: "Muxing" is a unique and scarce type of cultural protection remains, which is very precious. It is not easy to protect the old site of Hezhuang Muxing.

　　"Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for a hundred years, and it was deeply marked by the canal from every stage of its establishment, inheritance and development. In the later period, it directly opened its business on the south gate ancient canal, struggled against the national disaster, liberated new students, and integrated into the socialist economic system after public-private partnership, thus completing its historical mission. "Hezhuang Muxing" is the historical evidence that the Grand Canal promotes the economic development of people’s livelihood in Wuxi. The children’s song "Huizhou has wooden guests" and "New houses have been built all over Nansanxiang" describes the scene that Huizhou’s wooden rafts have been continuously transported to Wuxi through the canal, making Sinan’s new and civilized regions (formerly known as Nansanxiang) covered with new houses, changing rural appearance, improving people’s livelihood and developing water economy. The former site of Hezhuang Muxing is a precious carrier of canal historical sites.

▲ Old shadow of Hezhuang Muxing

　　two

　　The canal is long — — "Hezhuang Muxing" Centennial Love

　　After the establishment of "Hezhuang Muxing", "Xishan Young" was handed down from generation to generation, and it has passed through three generations and four hosts for a hundred years, becoming a well-known wooden family in the local area. In the 1930s, Sun Yangweiqing reached his peak when he was in charge, operating in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and covering the "Southern Three Towns" in Wuxi (Xin ‘an, Kaihua and famous townships in Sinan in the old days) and hundreds of villages and towns along Taihu Lake.

▲ Hezhuang Muhang lineage table

　　Wood transportation is based on water, and water transportation is the most convenient and economical method. The Grand Canal runs through the north and south, connecting water systems, lakes and dense natural rivers along the east-west direction in series, forming a waterway transportation network extending in all directions. "Hezhuang Muxing" has had an indissoluble bond with the canal since its inception. The timber sources operated by Hezhuang Muhang mainly come from Anhui and Jiangxi, and the transportation routes are closely related to the Grand Canal.

▲ Map of supply distribution and transportation path of Hezhuang Muhang.

　　Cunninghamia lanceolata is usually the main variety sold by wood companies, which is suitable for building houses and making wood products. The Chinese fir operated by Hezhuang Muhang can be divided into two categories: "Ximu" and "Huishan". Ximu grows in the vast mountainous area around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, and its growth is high, and the thickness of root and tip is relatively uniform, so it is suitable for court columns in halls or wide trusses. The transport waterway connects the Yangtze River via Poyang Lake and descends along the river. The largest distribution center of Ximu is Jiujiang, followed by Wuhu, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Shanghai. Huishan grows in the vast mountainous areas in southern Anhui, especially in Shexian, Qimen, yi county, Wuyuan (now in Jiangxi Province) and Xiuning. This area used to be called Huizhou. The price of Huishan is relatively low, which is more suitable for building farmhouses. Tunxi is the main distribution center, followed by Hangzhou. Tunxi, Anhui Province is located in the upper reaches of Xin ‘an River. The confluence of Hengjiang River and Lvshui River is wide and turns around the mountain, forming a natural dock, which is an ideal place for timber parking. Therefore, the timber cut by Huizhou counties is transported here for distribution. Whenever the spring and summer flood season, it is often a gathering of Chinese fir and wood. After the business is settled, it will be tied into a raft, which will go down the river from Xin ‘an River and connect Fuchun River to Hangzhou by Qiantang River. The above sites were the main distribution centers of timber trade in Jiangnan area at that time, and they were all located along the waterway with superior water environment conditions.

　　The supply of Hezhuang Muhang is mainly purchased from the above-mentioned producing areas and distribution centers, and is transported by professional freight organizations after being woven into rafts, commonly known as supporting rafts. Shangxin River in the suburb of Nanjing is located on the bank of the Yangtze River, which is a famous timber distribution market, "within a few miles, wood merchants converge". Hezhuang Muhang goes to Nanjing to buy western wood in batches every year, and the raft first goes down the Yangtze River to Zhenjiang, turns into the canal and is transported to Wuxi via Danyang and Changzhou. Most of the Huishan trees operated by Hezhuang Muhang are wholesale from Huishang Muhang in Hangzhou. Many timber distribution centers in Hangzhou are located on the banks of Qiantang River. Rafts enter the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal nearby and arrive in Wuxi via Jiaxing, Wujiang and Hushuguan.

　　When the demand for wood is high, Hezhuang Muhang directly goes to Tunxi to select materials and batch goods. Hezhuang Muhang has been friends with Yishengchun and Yichanglong in Wuxi county, and Mr. Yang Weiqing went to Tunxi to purchase goods with them many times. A large number of rafts travel hundreds of kilometers from Tunxi to Wuxi, which takes several months. Although young and strong transport workers, there are as few as seven or eight people, and as many as one or twenty people. There are simple houses on rafts, and they travel by day and stay at night. There are also some bamboo and wood furniture on the raft, all of which are products of Huizhou mountain area and brought to Jiangsu and Zhejiang for sale by the way. The bamboo beds, bamboo couches, folding frustums, desks and other items used in Hezhuang Muhang are all Huizhou goods brought by rafts through the canal, which are cheap and good quality.

　　Hezhuang Muhang also went to Shanghai Shiliupu and other places to buy wood in batches, mainly used for processing pine barrels of plates. The earliest timber business in Shanghai was concentrated in Dongjiadu, the southern city — South pier — Lujiabang Road, which is known as "a hundred wooden passengers in Shilichang Street", has a special dock for timber industry. There are business relations with Hezhuang Wood Company, such as Jiuji Wood Company located in Shanghai South Wharf and several old-fashioned wood firms opened in Caojiadu. The barrels purchased in Shanghai are also transported in rafts, which are transferred from Suzhou River and Wusong River in Shanghai to the canal to Wuxi, and some are shipped from Huangpu River to Hezhuang via Taihu Lake.

　　Changzhou is close to the Yangtze River, and the water in the Grand Canal has a high sediment concentration, commonly known as mixed water. "Sand-mixed water is beneficial to wood conservation, which can keep the color of wood skin Huang Liang and the material unchanged." Therefore, Changzhou has also become the timber distribution and re-export market of the Canal. It is more convenient to take the canal to Luoshe to enter Wuxi, and Hezhuang Muhang often goes to Changzhou to transport timber. The son of Yang Wei ‘an, the third director of Hezhuang Muhang, once set up a business in Changzhou.

　　It can be seen from the above that the timber supply of Hezhuang Muhang is transported through the Grand Canal. Whenever a raft arrives at Shitangqiao, the workers of Hezhuang Muhang are ready to receive the goods. After the arrival of the goods, the big raft was adapted into a number of small rafts suitable for docking on the river bank, "surrounding wood" and "coding", the singing of codes on the raft and the answering sound on the shore came one after another, and it was a busy scene.

　　three

　　Canal sentiment — — "Hezhuang Muxing" and People’s Livelihood in Water Villages

　　The canal is full of history and endless water feelings. It is inextricably linked with people’s production and life with a broad mind and a way of integration and communication. The cobweb-dense rivers of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River are the veins of the Grand Canal extending to all parts of urban and rural areas. With these water networks extending in all directions, the Grand Canal has nurtured and nurtured the people along the Hui Ze, and the development of water towns has gained momentum for continuous advancement. "Hezhuang Muxing" was conceived and founded by the Grand Canal and its connected Taihu Changguang stream system environment, and also relied on the dense Jiangnan water network to serve the people’s livelihood in water towns.

　　Hezhuang is located at the intersection where Changguangxi turns into Shanxi River, adjacent to the Chimazui site belonging to Majiabang culture. "Kaihua Township Records" narrates: "My city has beautiful mountains and rivers, and the western gods are charming and winding." "Civilization is a lake in the southwest. There are a lot of peaks (jí yè), and the smoke is vast. " The rivers here are densely covered, and it is a veritable "water town Zeguo". The ancestors lived on rice, wheat, silkworm and mulberry, and traveled by boat, which continued the farming and pastoral ecology for a long time.

　　Since ancient times, Changguangxi has been a water shortcut from Taihu Lake to Wuxi City, and many ships have taken Shanxi River to turn into Magang Port and Liangtang River to enter the city, so boats and boats have been passing through.

　　Most of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River are plain and lack of trees. Timber needed for buildings, woodwork, production tools, etc. is mainly imported from forest areas in neighboring provinces. Timber trade is a traditional project operated by Huizhou merchants, and the Grand Canal and its communicating waterways are the active places for Huizhou timber merchants. With the unique geographical advantages of Hezhuang’s waterway transportation routes, the acquaintance of Huizhou wood merchants who were operated by the Canal to Wuxi in the past, the local rural housing and boat building, the needs of people’s livelihood, and the integration of the conditions of all parties, Yang Qingqiao founded the first rural wood shop in Wuxi and Jingui County in Hezhuang in the first year of Tongzhi (AD 1862). Once opened, it was very popular with the villagers. Rafts are continuously transported from the canal waterway, providing the villagers with the needed wood for building houses, shipbuilding and repairing ships. The farmhouse construction industry, wood paving industry, furniture and farm tools manufacturing industry in the surrounding areas have been established one after another, and they have expanded rapidly around the river village. The canal has brought vitality and hope to the water town, and the establishment of "Hezhuang Muxing" has had a far-reaching impact on promoting the rural economic development in Sinan.

　　When Yang Qingqiao started the "Hezhuang Muhang", it was a consignment nature. Most of the wood sources come from Huizhou forest area, and most of the wood guests are from Huizhou government in southern Anhui. They shipped the timber from the mountains, sold it in cash, and the timber company took the commission. When a batch of timber was basically sold out, the owner returned to the mountainous area of Anhui Province with the money to organize the shipment of the next batch of goods. Several wooden guests cross each other, and the business of Hezhuang Muhang keeps flowing, and its business and scale continue to expand. Later, when most of the timber was sold, the rest of the goods were purchased as the self-operated part of the wooden firm, so that Hezhuang wooden firm could continue to develop. With the expansion of the influence of "Hezhuang Muhang", "Muhangli" became the local name. The wooden arbor along the river revetment is the dock for the class boats from Nanxiang, Wuxi. In that year, every day, there were class boats going to the urban area to reach the bank of the canal, stopping at Beitang in the north gate and Huangniluang in the south gate respectively.

▲ Like Mr. Yang Yuqing

　　Mr. Yang Weiqing, the fourth host of "Hezhuang Muxing", once did business in Shanghai when he was young. He had extensive experience in Shili Foreign Exchange and was familiar with the way of business. After returning to his hometown in 1924 to take charge of Hezhuang Muhang, he was diligent in pioneering and brave in innovation. By analyzing the characteristics of the rural market in southern Jiangsu at that time and conducting extensive and in-depth investigations with a brand-new business concept, he carried out a series of determined reforms in marketing strategy, source organization, in-depth product development, internal management and capital operation, and adopted a set of brand-new management methods to make Hezhuang Muhang full of vitality.

　　"Hezhuang Muhang" is named "Yuchang Shenhao" and is wholly owned. In order to provide customers with goods with good materials, complete varieties and excellent prices, apart from purchasing materials from various wood merchants, Yang Weiqing went to Anhui and Jiangxi forest areas to select materials and purchase goods in batches, and often dispatched rafts to and from the wood distribution center located in the canal waterway, making the wood high-quality and marketable, reducing costs and benefiting the villagers.

▲ Shop at the former site of Hezhuang Muhang and the old signboard of "Yuchangshen"

　　According to the statistics of Hezhuang Muhang over the years, the main target of timber sales is villagers to build houses, accounting for about half of the total sales. The funds for farmers to build houses are usually the accumulation of income from agriculture and mulberry four times a year, that is, spring cocoon, summer wheat ripening, autumn cocoon and autumn rice harvest, especially spring silkworm and autumn harvest. It often takes several years for ordinary farmers to accumulate before they can have the economic ability to build houses. Hezhuang Muhang fully considers the actual situation of the villagers and adopts the method of quarterly payment suitable for the local economic characteristics. When the villagers come to buy building timber, if they can find an acquaintance guarantee, they only need to pay half of the payment at that time, and the rest can be paid in installments in the future and paid in two years. Another kind of handicraft users who are engaged in shipbuilding and paving industry account for about 30% of the total turnover. These users have exquisite woodworking skills themselves, and they will make a profit after making finished products, but the lack of capital and the difficulty in capital turnover will affect their business. Hezhuang Muhang is allowed to use credit sales to solve the urgent needs of their raw materials. When purchasing wood, they can pay 30% of the payment in cash and pay off the rest within one year. The above-mentioned sales measures for the convenience of the people have helped many villagers solve problems in building houses, improved their living conditions as soon as possible, and promoted the establishment and development of handicrafts in surrounding townships.

　　In order to facilitate the practical needs of the villagers, Hezhuang Muhang not only deals in whole wood and section materials, but also employs craftsmen to select shirts and pine logs all the year round to process them into various types of plates for sale in their own workshops. When building houses, farmers can directly purchase wood floors, room partitions, cabinets and other materials, while handicraft workshop owners can choose materials of various applicable specifications. This not only facilitates the people, but also expands the products and improves the operation.

　　Good credit and dedicated service make "Hezhuang Muxing" win the reputation and reputation of the people, and spread from near to far. In every village and town in Sinan, there are buildings related to Hezhuang Muhang, and customers from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces near Taihu Lake are also coming in an endless stream. Hezhuang Muhang adopts the marketing service mode of dicing management and division of labor cooperation in its business. With Hezhuang and its adjacent areas as the center, the rest are east, south, west, north and southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and nine districts are respectively responsible for establishing a mutually beneficial and honest customer marketing service and information exchange network. Workers in each division of labor are familiar with and closely related to the villages and towns in their own management areas, and contact people in each village Committee for frequent contacts. The internal management functions of Hezhuang Muhang are clear, and the salary incentive mechanism of performance distribution and annual reward is also implemented for the treatment of employees.

▲ Hezhuang Muhang Management Scribing Management Table

　　A whole set of brand-new management methods adopted by Mr. Yang Weiqing were welcomed by villagers and handicraft workshop owners, and also greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of employees in Muhang. Customers keep coming, and Hezhuang Muhang is bustling with business. Groups of long shoots and pieces of wood are shipped from the place of origin and sold in an endless stream. Hezhuang Muhang thus won the market, and in the mid-1930s, Yuchang Shenmu reached its peak. Rafts stretch for miles on both sides of the Shanxi River in Hezhuang, and timber piles are full on the shore and around the river.

　　Hezhuang Muhang is a node of the Grand Canal to promote the improvement of people’s livelihood and economic development in the water towns along the southwest and Taihu Lake. Through these ways, the flowing canal is inextricably linked with people’s production and life to benefit the people’s livelihood in the water towns.

　　four

　　Years past — — "Hezhuang Muxing" and Nanmen Ancient Canal

　　"The water alley in the south of the Yangtze River is the place where the canal is out of print", and the Nanmen ancient canal in Wuxi is the most distinctive place in the Wuxi section of the Grand Canal. The "Hezhuang Muhang" located outside the South Gate has been in the city for several times to operate along the ancient canal. Since 1941, it has opened Taichang Muhang in Huangni Bridge of the South Gate. At the beginning of liberation, part of Hezhuang Muhang moved to Tongyang Bridge for business, and its name was also "Yuchang Shenhao". In 1955, the public-private partnership moved to Beichang Street and renamed it "Xiechang Shenmuhang", until Mr. Yang Weiqing retired in 1961. "Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for 20 years before and after its operation along the ancient canal in Nanmen, and experienced unforgettable years from national disaster to liberation and rebirth, and public-private partnership into the socialist economic system.

　　In the mid-1930s, the operation of Hezhuang Muhang was successful, and Mr. Yang Weiqing was preparing to continue to expand his grand plan. In 1937, Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, and Shanghai, Wuxi and Nanjing successively fell. In the winter of this year, Wuxi was repeatedly bombed by Japanese planes, houses were destroyed, goods were burned, factories were shut down, shops were closed, and people fled. In the past, the lively scene of customers coming and going in the wooden shop, the rafts in the river and the people on both sides of the bank measuring and recording wood and making bursts of singing voices disappeared. The timber in the mountains of Jiangxi and Anhui could not be transported, and the supply of wood shops was cut off. Hezhuang Muhang struggled to make ends meet by selling its inventory, which was basically sold out but could not be replenished. Prices in the occupied areas rose and the currency depreciated, so the accounts sold on credit could not be recovered. Living in turmoil and economic depression, the poor people in rural areas are in a difficult situation.

　　In order to find a way out, Mr. Yang Weiqing visited Wuxi city for many times and found that there was still a market for old wood there. The reason is: many local workshops and factories were closed for several years after the fall, and now they are resuming production one after another, all of which need to be repaired and some are added. There are abandoned sites or open spaces on both sides of each street, which are suitable for the construction of shops or homes, as well as the repair of destroyed houses, and old wood is selected for use. Workshops, ship repairs and shipyards nearby have been resumed one after another, and only old wood can be purchased as raw materials. After several considerations, Yang Weiqing decided to choose a location for business in the urban area, and to build a stove and start a stove to manage old wood first to make a living. So, near Huangni Bridge, which is located on the river outside Nanchengmen, Wuxi, we chose to lease a house 200 meters north of the bridge. At that time, the road was called Beichang Street, and the house was located in the east of the road, with the front door facing the street, the back door facing the river and the dock. After two months of intensive preparations, in the first half of 1941, "Taichang Muhang" opened its doors here. The source of goods comes from Zhenze, Huzhou Nanxun and other market towns at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Yang Weiqing personally organizes the procurement and ships tin in batches. Because there is no wood to tin for several years, there are old wood and old doors and windows for sale, which are very popular. Soon the business started to be formal, and the business was so busy that the rented house was too small to use. We also found an abandoned garden on the west side of the long street across the street, with a width of several hundred square meters. As a timber storage and business place, the turnover of building houses is increasing day by day. At that time, the wood used for the repair of the school building and the addition of the girls’ dormitory in Wuxi Girls’ Middle School was purchased from Taichang Muhang.President Xu Daiyun of Nanmen Gangnan Middle School is a native of Miaoqiao, Nanxiang. He is familiar with Yang Weiqing and often buys wood to repair the school building in Taichang Muhang. There is also an unexpected customer, that is, a trafficker from northern Jiangsu to Wuxi, who sells agricultural products, especially piglets, so everyone is used to calling them piggy guests. They transport several shipments of tin at a time, and then sell and buy goods to return home. It is said that it is the most cost-effective to sell back old wood, so Taichang Muhang has a lot of sales in this respect. After three years of hard work, Taichang Muhang once again opened the market in the urban area.

　　Hezhuang Muxing struggled for several years in the dilemma of national disaster, and it ended in August 1945 when the Japanese surrendered to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Yang Weiqing was very happy, looking forward to a turnaround in the wood industry, and finally the wood supply that had been interrupted for eight years was reopened. At the beginning of 1946, just after the Spring Festival, Mr. Wei Qing immediately went to Hangzhou with money and learned that several batches of rafts had arrived, all of which had been snapped up by local wood merchants. Mr. Wei Qing immediately went upstream along the Fuchun River and went to the upper reaches of Xin ‘an River to buy a batch of timber. On the way, he signed a contract and purchased the first batch of new timber after the Anti-Japanese War.

　　When transporting timber in Hangzhou, Mr. Yang Weiqing paid a special visit to Hangguo, the leader of the Communist Party of China, who lived at No.61 Huangpailou Lane in Hangzhou at that time. Hangguo is a native of Xuelang Guxiang, Wuxi. He studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Union, and led the peasant movement in Wuxi. He is also known for his contacts with Yang Weiqing. Hangs entertained and told Yang Weiqing: Now that the Japanese have surrendered unconditionally, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are negotiating, and it may be concluded. By then, everyone will work together to build the country and the people of the whole country can live and work in peace and contentment. The construction of houses in enemy-occupied areas has been stopped for eight years, and now it will be carried out in large quantities. The timber you handle will be prosperous. However, if the two parties can’t talk properly, then the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang and the Yan ‘an government led by Zhu and Mao will be hostile, and the consequences will be difficult to predict. On the same day, Hang and Yang walked hand in hand along the Qiantang River beach and canal to watch the transportation of rafts.

　　But the good times didn’t last long, and then the Kuomintang reactionaries provoked a civil war, and the situation took a turn for the worse, and the people were once again in dire straits. Officials and outlaws run amok, extorting money from businessmen and people, imposing exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the economy is declining again. Of course, the timber industry is also in a slump. When prices were rising three times a day, the Kuomintang government issued a gold certificate, which added fuel to the fire of inflation and caused the wood industry to be on the verge of extinction again. Struggle against the national disaster and look forward to the light. Mr. Yang Weiqing hopes that the people’s revolution led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) will win an all-round victory at an early date, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment.

　　In April 1949, Wuxi was liberated. Mr. Yang Weiqing, who is nearly sixty years old, actively responded to the call of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the people’s government, took the road of developing economic security supply, maintained the Yuchang Shenmu company in the countryside, and listened to the arrangement of the government, and moved part of the wood company to Tongyang Bridge in Wuxi City for business, which can not only continue to meet the demand for wood in rural areas of Sinan, but also serve urban factories. In 1955, Mr. Yang Weiqing actively responded to the call of the party and the government for public-private partnership. Yuchang Shenmu Company moved to Nanchang Street, and the neighboring Xieyuan Shenmu Company merged. The Xiechang Shenmu Company, which was established as a public-private partnership, was integrated into the socialist economic system. Mr. Yang Weiqing, together with all the staff and workers, will continue to serve the people on the timber front and do his best for socialist construction in the new joint venture.

　　In 1962, when Yang Weiqing was 71 years old, he asked the public representative for retirement, and said with deep affection, "Our Yang family is a wooden family, and it has been three generations and one hundred years since I was born. There are buildings related to Hezhuang Muhang in every commune in Sinan, such as Xuelang, Huazhuang, Nanquan, Donglong and Dafu. My customers are all over Sinan and around Taihu Lake, and the amount of wood sold by Hezhuang Muhang is hard to count. It is not an exaggeration to say that it ranks first among peers in Wuxi. I was determined to work in the wood industry when I was young, and I didn’t dare to take a day off for forty years. I have been operating in the old society for more than 20 years in the first half of my life. I have really experienced many vicissitudes of life, and I have never lived a stable life. Only after liberation, under the leadership and care of the party and the government, can we live and work in peace and contentment. Now the motherland is thriving and becoming increasingly prosperous; All walks of life, talented people come forth in large numbers, successors, and our wood industry is no exception. In my lifetime, I can see such a good situation. I feel really satisfied. Now submit a report and apply for retirement. " Mr. Yang Weiqing died in 1964 at the age of 73. Sinan folks still miss him for a long time.

▲ Visit the old site — — Wuxi Nanmen Tongyang Bridge (the big tree on the left behind the bridge is the location of Yuchang Shenmu in the city)

　　five

　　Canal culture — — The Cultural Heritage of People in Watertown

　　The canal is flowing continuously, accessible and widely beneficial to the world, which provides people with rich spiritual nourishment and cultural genes. Benevolence and kindness, respect for learning and education, and simple folk customs are infiltrated and rooted in water towns, and the canal culture has a long history.

　　Walking into the former site of "Hezhuang Muxing", you can see the four characters of "Blessed by the Road" carved on the plastic door, which is the ancestral motto handed down from generation to generation by people in water towns. If good is like water, there must be a way to do it. "Hezhuang Muxing" was founded to meet the needs of the people in the construction of boats and farmhouses in water towns. In the course of its operation, it also shows the concept of putting people first, respecting morality and doing good, and is enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings, and enjoys everything that is beneficial to the neighbors.

▲ "Hezhuang Muxing" brick engraved threshold "Blessed by the road"

　　After its establishment, "Hezhuang Muxing" served the people’s livelihood and benefited the countryside. It was open-minded and honest, and was usually charitable. It often provided wood and money for neighboring villagers with poor families and solved the difficulties of life on the water for boat people passing by. The verandah along the river is a public place for villagers and passers-by to rest and enjoy the cool, and a place for boating in the river to rest. The owner of the wooden house is warm, kind and hospitable, and always keeps a vat of tea for the neighbors and passers-by to quench their thirst. Muhang’s revetment arbor is the boat dock for Nanxiang to enter the city. "Hezhuang Muhang" has always done its duty to serve the villagers enthusiastically, storing and keeping things, transmitting information, and blending with the villagers. It’s late at night, the lights of the windows and holes along the river in Hezhuang Muhang are always on, keeping a little light for the ships passing by at night, and showing the silhouette through the arbor, which is convenient for the ships to identify the channel. When boat people have difficulties, Muhang always gives them whatever they want. Decades later, descendants of boat people still come all the way to thank Muhang for his help to their ancestors. Because of Muhang’s qualifications and reputation, all the neighbors who have public affairs and parents are willing to come here to discuss and seek mediation and judgment until the matter is satisfactorily resolved. Whenever rural public activities are needed, Hezhuang Muhang always enthusiastically provides places and needed objects to support and take care of them. For example, the rural cultural classes in the early days of liberation and the collective sericulture room of rural cooperatives are all located in Hezhuang Muhang. Blessed are the streets and strong feelings in the neighborhood. The kindness of Hezhuang Muxing in the past generations has won unanimous praise and respect from the villagers.

　　Hezhuang Muxing is enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings. It donated money to build ancestral halls and compile genealogy, and Muxing began to support rural cultural education when it achieved initial results. At that time, schools in rural areas were all private schools, and it was necessary to have a place, so teachers were invited, and students paid tuition fees to teachers and took turns to "provide meals". In the 14th year of Tongzhi (AD 1875), the ancestral hall of Hezhuang was renovated, and Yang Qingqiao was ready to start a rural school in the ancestral hall. The teacher was hired by Muhang, who lived in Muhang all the year round. All expenses were borne by Muhang, and students were charged half the tuition fee, while poor students were exempted from it. All the young people in Hezhuang read and write here, and they are given the three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, early childhood studies, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius and other traditional ancient texts. Older students also study calligraphy and abacus, and the books in the ancestral hall are loud all year round. The school lasted for thirty-eight years before and after its long-term opening. During this period, despite the change of several generations of Muhang hosts and teachers, there were also Huizhou wooden guests who taught here. However, the tradition of Hezhuang Muhang to help students was passed down from generation to generation, and the Hezhuang School funded by Muhang continued for a long time until the establishment of Litaoxiang Primary School in Wuxi County in 1913. In order to make it convenient for children to go to school in Taoxiang and the villagers to get to the market town, and to avoid the pain of rotten roads and slippery roads in rainy days, Yang Weiqing, the fourth host of Hezhuang Muhang, also invested in the construction of Shiban Township Road from Hezhuang to Taoxiang and surrounding towns. With the development of culture and education in Hezhuang, all men are illiterate, and everyone can write and write letters to Dont Ask For Help, which is a new village style.Half of the people go out to make a living in various industries, which is different from other villages. This is a manifestation of the progress of cultural development. The Grand Canal has a long-term influence on promoting the development of rural education.

　　Mr. Yang Weiqing is the fourth host of Hezhuang Muhang. He knows that strengthening the industry requires knowledge and talents, and he emphasizes intellectual investment and training. At that time, Mr. Yang Weiqing was known as the "No.1 scholar in the wood industry" because his four sons were all trained in universities and his two daughters were people’s teachers. His children’s growth was also influenced by the canal. It is a tradition of the water town families to pay attention to learning and teaching.

▲ Mr. Yang Yuqing’s children took a group photo at their ancestral home (photo taken in 1961). Photo background Both sides of the river are the former sites of Hezhuang Muhang.

　　Yang Ruizhen, the eldest daughter of Mr. Yang Weiqing, was a famous national model worker in Wuxi in 1950s and 1960s. She attended the National Heroes’ Meeting in Beijing twice and was cordially received by Party and state leaders such as Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, and was praised as a red flag on the education front. Her husband, Hua Zhigang, was the principal of Dayao Road Primary School in the ancient canal. In the school, he actively cooperated with the underground party to carry out secret activities. On the eve of the liberation of Wuxi, he posted a slogan welcoming the PLA to the city all night, and Yang Ruizhen stayed up all night, finally ushered in the liberation of Wuxi.

　　Mr. Yang Weiqing’s third son, Chang Yang, witnessed the sufferings brought by Japanese aggression to Muhang workers when he was young, and went to Xushe ‘an xishan village to flee with his family. He received the enlightenment education of patriotism, and he grew up with the ambition of becoming a strong country and serving the country. In 1953, Chang Yang graduated from Nanmen Ancient Canal High School and was admitted to Shanghai Jiaotong University. After graduating from Jiaotong University, he volunteered to work in a national defense unit in Northwest China. In 1965, Qian Xuesen was named and transferred to Beijing with the approval of Premier Zhou Enlai, a special committee of the Central Committee, and he undertook and participated in the development and launch tasks of China’s first artificial satellite launch, manned space flight and Chang ‘e lunar exploration. In 1991, the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics awarded Chang Yang the honorary title of "an old aerospace expert with outstanding contributions". When looking back on his life, he always remembers the canal years of his childhood.

　　The Grand Canal bears a long history and culture, and it is of great significance to explore and study the historical remains and profound accumulation along the Canal for the protection and inheritance of the Canal culture. "Hezhuang Muxing" lasted for a hundred years, which showed the promotion and promotion of the Grand Canal to the people’s livelihood and cultural development in water towns from a branch. The local conservation building of "Hezhuang Muxing former site" is a precious carrier of canal historical sites.

　　(Source/system of canals)

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　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account News of Beijing Emergency WeChat, according to the forecast of Beijing Meteorological Observatory, there will be heavy snowfall and cold wave weather in Beijing from 13th to 16th, and the temperature will drop obviously. From 15th to 20th, there will be continuous low-temperature weather, and the lowest temperature will be close to the historical extreme value in the same period. At 16: 30 on the 12th, the Beijing Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning signal for snowstorm and road icing. To this end, the Beijing Emergency Bureau issued six early warning response measures.

　　Response measures of yellow early warning for snowstorm and road icing in Beijing

　　1. Please pay attention to the weather forecast and early warning information, pay attention to cold, warm and anti-skid, and pay attention to the safety of fire, electricity and gas to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

　　2. Advocate citizens to take buses and subways, reduce driving trips, keep a safe distance when driving, slow down and ride bicycles and electric bicycles less.

　　3. Please avoid playing in mountainous areas and stay away from old trees, structures, plaques and snow-covered dangerous areas to avoid being crushed; When passing under the bridge and under the eaves, prevent the ice from melting and falling off and hurting people.

　　4. All units should pay close attention to the weather changes, arrange production and business activities reasonably, and pay attention to protection for outdoor operations to ensure safety. Implement the responsibility of "three guarantees in front of the door" and do a good job of sweeping snow and shoveling ice within the responsibility area.

　　5. Urban operation guarantee units should fully carry out snow sweeping and ice shoveling, do a good job in heating service guarantee, strengthen traffic organization and guidance, deal with emergencies in time, and ensure the safe operation of urban lifelines such as water, electricity, gas and heat.

　　6. It is necessary to clear the snow on various venues such as school gymnasiums, long-span buildings, agricultural facilities greenhouses, temporary structures and dangerous houses in time to prevent collapse.

Original, don’t scare yourself.

When women do some gynecological examinations every year, many people will find that the report will prompt words that sound terrible, such as "tumor", "effusion" and "erosion".

But in fact, most of these terrible gynecological diseases are not as serious as everyone thinks, and some of them are not diseases at all and do not need treatment.

Today, I will take stock of the five most common gynecological diseases ~

HPV infection

Can be found by special HPV testing.

Scary index: ★★★★★★★

Actual threat: ★★☆☆☆☆

Expert interpretation:

HPV infection is one of the main causes of cervical cancer. But it does not mean that you will get cervical cancer if you are infected with HPV.

In fact, most women who have sex may have been infected with HPV, but they are basically automatically cleared by human immunity within one or two years.

Only a small number of people may continue to be infected for many years, which will eventually lead to cervical cancer.

Therefore, pure HPV infection does not need special treatment, but more is to remind patients to screen regularly and find cancer or precancerous lesions in time.

What situations should we pay attention to?

The threat of HPV to reproductive parts can be divided into two categories: low risk and high risk.

If you are infected with high-risk HPV, it is recommended to have a cervical cytological examination (TCT or LCT). If you find any abnormality, you should have a colposcopy to comprehensively evaluate whether there are any vigilant lesions in the cervix and vagina.

In addition, the possibility of cancer caused by low-risk HPV infection is extremely small, but some patients may have warts of condyloma acuminatum locally in their genitals, and they need medical treatment if necessary.

ovarian cyst

Most of them were found by B-ultrasound.

Scary index: ★★★★★★★

Actual threat: ★★☆☆☆☆

Expert interpretation:

Ovarian cyst is not equal to ovarian tumor.

For women of childbearing age, most of them are physiological cysts, which are related to the development of follicles during ovulation every month. There is also a more complicated "chocolate cyst" which is a manifestation of endometriosis.

For the vast majority of women of childbearing age who find ovarian cysts for the first time, if the diameter is less than 5cm, they can be rechecked on the fourth to fifth day of the next menstrual period. If the cysts disappear, there is no need for treatment.

What situations should we pay attention to?

1. Ovarian cysts are larger than 5 cm in diameter;

2. The cyst didn’t disappear and shrink after follow-up;

3. B-ultrasound found that the cyst had solid components or was completely solid;

4. Postmenopausal women found ovarian cysts;

5, diagnosed as "chocolate cyst".

In the above situations, attention should be paid to timely medical treatment, and whether treatment is needed should follow the doctor’s advice.

hysteromyoma

Most of them were found by B-ultrasound.

Scary index: ★★★★★★★

Actual threat: ★★☆☆☆☆

Expert interpretation:

More than 90% of uterine fibroids are benign.

According to statistics, about 1/3 of women will have uterine fibroids in their lifetime.

Asymptomatic small fibroids generally do not need treatment, just check B-ultrasound regularly.

What situations should we pay attention to?

1. Myoma causes discomfort symptoms, such as menorrhagia, prolonged menstrual period and even anemia, or lower abdominal pain, frequent urination, difficulty in urination and defecation, etc.

2. Women’s infertility or abortion caused by fibroids;

3. A single myoma is large (more than 5cm), or the uterus volume is too large due to the myoma;

4. After observation and review, it was found that the growth rate of fibroids was too fast, and the doctor suspected that there was a possibility of malignant transformation;

5, fibroids in special parts such as submucosal fibroids;

In the above situation, it is necessary to pay attention to timely medical treatment, and doctors should judge whether treatment or surgery is needed.

Pelvic effusion

It is often found by B-ultrasound.

Scary index: ★★★★★☆.

Actual threat: ★★☆☆☆☆

Expert interpretation:

Almost every woman has a little pelvic effusion more or less, most of which are physiological phenomena, such as ovulating follicular fluid and countercurrent menstrual blood, and the human body will adjust itself to absorb the excess effusion.

Therefore, if B-ultrasound shows that pelvic effusion is only 10-30 mm and there are no other discomfort symptoms, most of them don’t need to worry, and most of them don’t need treatment.

What situations should we pay attention to?

If pelvic effusion is caused by other diseases, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis, especially if there is a large amount of effusion or there are effusion in many places, or accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, abnormal leucorrhea and other symptoms, you need to seek medical attention in time.

erosion of cervix

Most of them were found by routine gynecological examination.

Scary index: ★★★★★★★

Actual threat: ★★☆☆☆☆

Expert interpretation:

Cervical erosion is not a disease, and this term is no longer used in the medical field.

"Erosion" has nothing to do with the commonly understood "decay".

The so-called cervical erosion refers to columnar epithelial displacement, which is a normal physiological phenomenon and does not need treatment in most cases. It can be understood that the cervix is just "ugly".

What situations should we pay attention to?

The so-called need for treatment of cervical erosion has nothing to do with the "mild, moderate and severe" suggested by some hospitals.

Only when "cervical erosion" is complicated with abnormal cytology, or infection or bleeding, may it need treatment.

What should I pay attention to before doing gynecological examination?

1. Pay attention to the inspection time

General gynecological examination should avoid the physiological period, but some examinations will be a little special.

For example, check ovarian cyst and infertility, etc., it may be necessary to check immediately during the physiological period or just after. Specifically, we should strictly follow the doctor’s advice.

2. Don’t have sex for 24 hours before the examination.

3. Don’t apply drugs or excessively clean the vagina before the examination.

4. Choose a regular medical institution.

After reading the expert’s interpretation of these diseases, will everyone’s fear of these diseases be reduced a lot?

Although the incidence of these gynecological diseases is high, most of them are not a big problem. Rational treatment, active "observation" and "regular review" are the best treatments for most people.

This article is original for "Jing Yi Tong". If there is any content reproduced, please indicate the source.

Reviewer: Chief Physician, Sexual Medicine Clinic, Youchuan Beijing Maternity Hospital

Editor: medical cupping, medical pear sand white

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Original title: "The truth! Listen to the scary five diseases, but they are not diseases! Women must pay attention to … "

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Original x popularization of science factory x popularization of science factory

Today, a grandmother Zhang came to the X clinic program. She said that she had chest tightness and breathlessness since three years ago, but she only had one or two episodes a year, so she didn’t take it seriously.

However, the situation is getting worse and worse. By December last year (2022), it was so serious that I couldn’t sleep on my back. When I went to the hospital for examination, it turned out to be a heart problem!

Wei lai | chief physician

■ Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University

Deputy director of cardiac surgery

■ Executive Director of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Geriatrics Center

■ Director of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery

■ Shanghai Heart Valve Engineering Technology Research Center

deputy director

Aging of heart valve

Even more dangerous than some cancers!

The main function of the heart is to pump blood, and the heart valve is an important "valve". Under normal circumstances, this "valve" is one-way and blood cannot flow back.

If the valve calcifies and this "door" cannot be fully opened, then the blood supply will be insufficient.

If this "door" is broken, the pumped blood will flow back and the heart will not be able to supply blood normally.

People will feel chest tightness and breathlessness, and even sudden death in severe cases!

According to statistics, the prevalence of valvular disease has increased since the age of 60, and one in every eight people over 75 suffers from moderate and severe valvular disease, which is very common!

There are four valves in the heart, namely tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve.

Among them, the most important thing is aortic stenosis. Because the aortic valve of the human body is the key "door" connecting the heart and various tissues of the body, once the aortic valve has problems, it will affect the blood supply to the whole body.

Aortic stenosis can be divided into three grades: mild, moderate and severe. Mild and moderate diseases will affect the quality of life of patients, and there will be a long incubation period from occurrence to symptoms, even up to decades.

Severe cases can be life-threatening. If not treated in time, about 50% patients with severe aortic stenosis will hardly live for five years! The survival rate is lower than that of some malignant tumors that make people talk about it.

Why is the heart "valve" damaged?

The valve of human body, especially aortic valve, is the key "door" connecting the heart and various tissues of the body. Once the aortic valve has problems, it will affect the blood supply to the whole body. It will appear:

Manifestations of valvular heart disease:

1. It is easy to feel tired, and I feel tired after doing a little work, and my constitution is very poor;

2. If you can’t breathe smoothly, you will not be able to breathe when you are active, that is, you will be short of breath.

3. The face, hands, feet or other parts are swollen.

4. Abdominal swelling and loss of appetite.

5. The heartbeat is irregular, and sometimes it will suddenly accelerate. In case of sudden syncope, you should pay special attention.

Therefore, regular physical examination for people over 60 years old is particularly important.

There are many reasons for valvular heart disease. To sum up, there are probably the following five reasons.

1. Age factor

The prevalence of valvular disease began to increase from the age of 60, and with the further aging, the incidence of aortic stenosis increased sharply. One in every eight people over 75 years old suffers from moderate and severe valve disease.

2. Congenital diseases

Congenital diseases, especially bicuspid aortic valve malformation. According to the study of Copenhagen Baby Heart Study, the incidence of bicuspid aortic valve malformation in different races is generally 0.5%-1.5%. According to the data of interventional therapy for valvular heart disease in China in 2022, more than 45% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve were treated with TAVR in China, which is close to half. It is mainly caused by the structural problems of bicuspid aortic valve.

3, rheumatic heart disease

This rheumatic valvular heart disease mainly occurs in the mitral valve position.

In 1970s and 1980s, valvular heart disease in China was mainly rheumatic valvular heart disease. Because of poor living and economic conditions at that time, people were prone to rheumatic heart disease after being infected by streptococcus.

The onset age of rheumatic heart disease is earlier, and the onset population is relatively young.

With the overall economic and cultural development in China, valvular heart disease caused by infection or malnutrition has decreased, and senile degenerative heart valve disease has gradually increased. It is a disease caused by age growth and long-term work overload.

4. Infectious and immune diseases

Infectious and immune diseases can also cause reflux, but the risk is lower than aortic stenosis.

5. Other rare diseases

How to repair the broken valve?

The valve in life is broken, just change it to a new one. Then the valve of the heart is broken, what should I do?

The answer is: repair or replace it with a new one.

Aortic valve stenosis has been detected, and there are currently three treatments.

1. Drug therapy

At present, drug therapy can only reduce the burden on the heart by draining water or slowing the heartbeat, but it can’t have an effect on calcified valves. Therefore, if patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, surgery can be considered.

2. Traditional surgical valve replacement (included in the scope of medical insurance)

Traditional surgery usually requires thoracotomy. This method is suitable for valve repair or valve replacement in young patients.

At present, the traditional surgical valve replacement technology is very mature in China, and a large number of clinical data have been accumulated.

If it is really necessary to open the chest after being judged by a regular doctor, then there is no need to panic too much, and surgery can be performed according to the doctor’s advice.

3, interventional therapy surgery (has been included in the scope of medical insurance)

As we said earlier, many patients with aortic stenosis are often in their sixties and seventies. When they are old, they are in poor health, and the risk of surgical valve replacement is great. For such patients, interventional surgery can be considered.

Only through a minimally invasive incision in the leg or chest, the artificial valve can be implanted into the heart. The whole operation takes less than an hour and the wound is very small. Patients can often get out of bed and go home the next day, which is simple and fast.

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of prosthetic valves that can be replaced:

Mechanical valve:

Mechanical valves, mostly made of pyrolytic carbon materials, have the advantages of long service life, not easy to be damaged and relatively cheap.

However, because of its hard texture, it can not be minimally invasive intervened by catheter, and it can only be replaced by traditional thoracotomy, and it is easy to produce thrombosis. So this kind of valve is more suitable for young patients.

Biological valve:

The elderly often choose biological valves, which are made of animal hearts, soft and can be performed through minimally invasive surgery without thoracotomy. But the disadvantage is that compared with the mechanical valve, it has a certain service life and the price is slightly expensive.

Everyone’s physical condition and disease progress are different, and the applicable treatment scheme is also different. Medical treatment or surgical treatment, when to operate and which surgical method to choose should be evaluated and judged by professional doctors after a comprehensive physical examination.

Doctor’s health tips:

It is still necessary to remind the majority of middle-aged and elderly people to have regular physical examinations, especially those over 50 years old should have a complete physical examination every year, including electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, color Doppler echocardiography and some blood-related tests, such as blood lipids, blood sugar and other indicators closely related to cardiovascular diseases.

If we can find possible heart disease-related diseases in advance through annual physical examination, and adjust our living habits or carry out medical intervention accordingly, the burden on individuals, families and society will be greatly reduced.

Expert outpatient information

Weilai

Deputy director of cardiac surgery, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University

Outpatient service time: all-day outpatient service every Wednesday.

Outpatient address: East Campus of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University

(No.1609 Xietu Road, Xuhui District)

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