标签： 夜上海最新论坛

　　A 42-hour scientific marathon continues in Shanghai. More than 100 top scientists in the world relay for three minutes each to talk about the future science in their eyes.

　　On November 1st, the 3rd World Top Scientists Forum (WLF) in Shanghai entered its third day. The "Mobius Forum" is such a special link, which can be called an explosion of information.

　　Every scientist will be asked about the opportunities and challenges of future science by video link. Of course, the angles and styles of personal answers are different, some focus on their own research fields, and some talk about global issues; Some are more optimistic about opportunities, while others point out difficulties more directly; Some talk eloquently, some hit the nail on the head.

　　But it is undeniable that they are the key words of future science. After all, the positive and negative sides of Mobius belt are the same side. The Paper reporters listened for about 2 hours during the meeting and sorted out the key points drawn by 20 Nobel Prize winners.

　　David Gross, winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　Understand the nature of time and space

　　We have many good physical theories and many great goals. I can list ten directions with great opportunities, and I believe at least one of them will succeed in the near future. But it is difficult to predict when the breakthrough will come.

　　I often feel that scientific exploration is like climbing a mountain in a foggy night. I can’t see anything clearly when I look up, but I can only see the road under my feet. And it’s likely that when you climb up, you’ll find that it’s just a hillside.

　　Understand how cells and brains work.

　　We don’t even have a rigorous model.

　　Bernard L. Feringa, winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,

　　cyber cell

　　It sounds like science fiction, but I think since the human body can use prosthetic limbs, why can’t it be implanted with chips?

　　Frank Wilczek, winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　dark matter

　　In the short term, the biggest foundation of particle physics is dark matter. It may be a new particle, I think it is an axion.

　　Biophysical intersection

　　Broader, or more futuristic, I think there are great opportunities at the intersection of biology and physics, such as the self-propagating machine mentioned by von Neumann.

　　Thomas C. Südhof, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　Scientific communication

　　The scientific communication led by commercial journals is inefficient and distorted, and how to communicate science is as important as how to do it. We have to go through a serious paradigm shift, and of course there are opportunities.

　　Eric Maskin, the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics.

　　Economics experiment

　　It is easy for chemists to do experiments, but it is the biggest difficulty for us economists. We have an economics lab to see what decisions the subjects will make, but they don’t necessarily do so in life.

　　Irrational theory

　　It is obvious that everyone is not completely rational, so I don’t need to go into details. But it is not clear how irrational everyone is. I hope there is an irrational theory to predict when people will be rational and when they will become irrational.

　　neurosciences

　　The relationship between economics and neuroscience is interesting. Economists are interested in how the human brain makes economic decisions.

　　Randy W.Schekman, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　infectious disease

　　The pharmaceutical industry has no continuous funding to support research without guaranteed profits, and now we are all suffering the consequences.

　　Neurodegenerative disease

　　Heart disease and cancer are still the top two health killers of human beings, but we have made great progress in treatment scheme and prolonging survival time. About neurological diseases, it is almost zero. This problem will become more and more serious, draining social resources.

　　Danielle Shechtman, winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

　　battery

　　We need to store the solar energy during the day and use it at night.

　　Flexible ceramics

　　It can be used on aircraft engines, and the global aviation cost will be lower.

　　Microelectronics new materials

　　Jerome I. Friedman, winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　A bigger collider

　　The biggest challenge in our field is to get funds to build a bigger accelerator, and it is difficult to get government support. Now the question about dark matter is very critical, but a better detection method has not yet appeared. I believe that by constantly upgrading the accelerator, we can make a breakthrough.

　　Grand Unified Theory

　　How to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics. If we can understand their relationship, we can have a complete understanding of nature.

　　Serge Haroche, winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　Normal temperature superconductor

　　The combination of gravity and quantum mechanics

　　Stefan Hell, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

　　Battery recovery

　　If there is a way to recycle lithium batteries better and faster, it can save money and protect the environment.

　　artificial intelligence

　　Adam Riess, winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　big data

　　In my research field (cosmic physics), the biggest problem is that there are too many data. There are many challenges in putting data together for analysis, but there are also opportunities in the data. In other areas, I think we have the ability to use big data to solve global health problems.

　　May Britt Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　The combination of neuroscience and other disciplines

　　The brain is my concern, and I hope people will realize that neuroscience is very important. What I am most interested in at present is the communication with physics, mathematics and other sciences, which will bring diverse ideas.

　　Edvard Moser, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　Brain cognition

　　In the past, we have conducted in-depth research on the cerebral cortex, which can record and even interfere with the activities of thousands of cells at the same time. We may have a better understanding of human cognitive ability.

　　Shuji Nakamura, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　fund

　　Because I work in a university, our biggest difficulty is the lack of funds. Of course, energy issues, food issues and global warming are all important.

　　George Smoot, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　dark matter

　　Finding dark matter is an urgent problem to be solved

　　Cosmic resources

　　I hope that the substances found in the universe can make great progress in materials science on earth.

　　Bert Sakman, winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　Ancient human DNA

　　I am interested in finding the DNA of ancient humans such as Neanderthals. Some recent papers show that there are many remains of ancient human genes in modern human genes. This is very interesting.

　　Arieh Warshel, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

　　predict

　　Our biggest challenge is to make accurate predictions with sufficient data. Of course, the real breakthrough is hard to predict, and we know that the breakthrough always happens after the breakthrough.

　　energy question

　　Plasma may be an opportunity.

　　Harald zur Hausen, winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

　　population problem

　　climate change

　　The consequences have already appeared, but many people are still denying it.

　　Sheldon Lee Glashow, winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　Covid-19 Vaccine

　　energy

　　Joachim Frank, winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

　　Cryogenic imaging

　　A $6 million high-end microscope is too expensive for most laboratories.

　　These days, a short film "Three Minutes" has exploded the circle of friends, which tells an unusual reunion in Spring Festival travel rush. The story is very simple. The mother in the film is a train attendant on the "Nanning to Harbin" line. It is the busiest time to work overtime during the Spring Festival, and her son Ding Ding, who is about to go to elementary school, misses his mother, so he asks his aunt to take him to the train station next to his home and meet him while his mother’s train stops on the platform for 3 minutes. This Spring Festival travel rush-themed short film was shot by Hong Kong director Chen Kexin, and the content of the short film was based on a true story. After the short film was launched, it was played more than 13 million times on Youku in one day. Enthusiastic netizens also found the prototype of the story.

　　The story is based on true events.

　　The joy in the compartment or the joy of meeting relatives on the platform are the most familiar memories of the Spring Festival. This can’t help but remind people of the mainland realistic film "Dear" filmed by Chen Kexin a few years ago. The strong local flavor and sense of reality in the film will also surprise people that the film was produced by a Hong Kong director.

　　Outstanding storytelling ability, keen perception of details, concern for reality and strong humanistic feelings are Chen Kexin’s consistent styles. Chen Kexin said that although he has no experience in Spring Festival travel rush, the Spring Festival and reunion are the themes he has been paying attention to for many years. "I can fully imagine the joy and happiness when Spring Festival travel rush comes home." When "Three Minutes" was filmed in Chongqing, Chen Kexin saw the crowds surging on the platform. Although there were all extras in front of him, he was still infected by this feeling of returning home. When the audition actors sang the song of returning home for the New Year, he said that he was also moved to tears.

　　The short film touches the audience, not only because the flight attendants are busy on the train every Spring Festival, but also because the most critical structural design of the plot is that after the train stops at the platform, the mother and son meet for only 3 minutes. Three minutes, the sense of time limit brought by this reunion is the tension of the plot. The short film specially emphasizes this sense of time with the creative idea of 3-minute countdown. In the film, the countdown number is displayed at the top of the screen, which reminds the audience that the separation time between mother and son is approaching from the time the train enters the station. When entering the station, my mother saw her son on the platform through the window, but when the door opened, she had to help the passengers get on and off first, so she couldn’t find her son at the first time. Because there were too many people on the platform, my son couldn’t find his mother at the first time. When the child found his mother through the crowd on the platform, the time of 3 minutes has become 2 minutes. When the mother and son met and hugged, the mother waited for her son to speak with eager eyes. An interesting scene happened. After a moment of silence, the son began to recite the multiplication formula loudly. It turned out that my mother had joked with her son who was about to go to elementary school, "If you can’t recite the multiplication table, you can’t go to school, let alone see your mother." On the platform, my son didn’t recite the formula fluently, and at this time, the countdown on the screen was changing rapidly. The mother didn’t know what to do, and she couldn’t bear to interrupt her son. The tense countdown contrasted with the child’s stuttering recitation, which touched the audience’s mood. When my son recited the multiplication formula, the train started. The brief reunion of mother and son left the audience with endless aftertaste without a few words of dialogue.

　　During the Spring Festival travel rush season, many people are close to their relatives because of their work, but they can’t stay. The short film "Three Minutes" is based on such a real thing. After the short film was screened, some enthusiastic people found the prototype of the story in the film. She is Liu Zhong, the conductor of the Shenzhen-Urumqi team of Guangzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. of China Railway. On January 24, 2017, the media reported the story that Liu Zhong met his son Chen Hongjin (nicknamed Ding Ding) during the four minutes when the train stopped at Hengyang Station after passing through his hometown in Hunan. At the premiere of Three Minutes, director Chen Kexin said that when he first saw the story, he decided to shoot it. In the short film, Tintin recited "99 Multiplication Table" to his mother. In reality, Tintin showed his mother "ma ma wo ai ni" written in pinyin.

　　For Chinese people, Spring Festival travel rush is a journey to return home or find their own roots. The director Chen Kexin from Hong Kong has never experienced Spring Festival travel rush, but he has touched countless audiences with simple pictures, regardless of Spring Festival travel rush in the short film.

　　Mobile phone shooting movies has its own advantages.

　　This 7-minute short film continues Chen Kexin’s narrative style of paying attention to reality and storytelling. What’s more special is that it is a short film shot with a mobile phone all the time, and it is also the first time that Chen Kexin was invited by Apple to shoot a short film with a mobile phone. When sharing his own shooting experience, Chen Kexin said that "Three Minutes" gives the audience some perspectives that traditional films can’t touch. The current mobile phone photography technology has reached a very high level, which can not only record people’s daily life, but also serve as a lens supplement to traditional film photography. In "Three Minutes" shot by mobile phone, the vision of the characters in the picture is more realistic. In the short film, the subjective shot of the little boy crossing the platform to find his mother is completed by putting his hand in front of the little actor, which shows the rhythm and height of the movement, which is closer to a child’s perspective.

　　Nowadays, more and more young people without professional training are shooting their own works with their mobile phones. As a daily tool, mobile phones are far beyond the reach of cameras in portability. When shooting in a narrow indoor space, in fact, a considerable space is needed behind the camera to set up the machine, and with such a small device as a mobile phone, you can freely take pictures even in a narrow and crowded train compartment. For the advantages of mobile phone shooting, Chen Kexin greatly praised: "Compared with bulky cameras, mobile phone shooting can try the effect of dynamic camera movement, and it also brings many unique and different shooting angles. For example, you can put your hand frame very close to the actor to capture the true feelings of the characters without making the actors feel disturbed, which is an advantage that traditional large cameras do not have when shooting at close range. "

　　After "Three Minutes" was broadcast online, many netizens were surprised that the picture texture taken by the mobile phone could actually achieve the effect of big screen broadcast, but some knowledgeable netizens reminded: "Don’t think that there is only one iPhoneX between you and Chen Kexin’s" Three Minutes ",but it is actually several times more expensive than the mobile phone. Stabilizer, adapter, lens, drone and palm photographer & HELIP; …” In Chen Kexin’s view, all auxiliary equipment is just a tool to help the director establish an emotional link with the audience. The most important thing in filming is not technology, but creativity. Technology is just a tool, and more and more convenient and practical tools provide the possibility for realizing creativity. The short film "Three Minutes" not only impressed the audience, but also clearly conveyed that the future may enter an era in which everyone is a photographer. The development of science and technology is giving more ordinary people and video lovers the opportunity to complete their dreams about images.

　　Our reporter Qiu Wei