龙凤上海shlf1419 – 夜上海论坛-爱上海419论坛-上海后花园论坛-上海龙凤1314

Eight changes in Spring Festival travel rush in the past 40 years of reform and opening up： from 100 million to nearly 3 billion.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 6th Title: Eight major changes in Spring Festival travel rush in the past 40 years of reform and opening up.

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Qi Zhongxi, Fan Xi and Zhao Wenjun

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, Spring Festival travel rush is getting busy. Looking back at Spring Festival travel rush since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, what great changes can we find?

　　— — Change 1: from 100 million to nearly 3 billion, the scale has expanded 30 times.

　　Looking through the history of Spring Festival travel rush in New China can be traced back to 1954 at the earliest. At that time, the word "Spring Festival travel rush" appeared in the media for the first time, and the relevant parties also determined the principle of "unified command and coordination by the Ministry of Railways, and when necessary, please ask the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to ask the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and the People’s Liberation Army for assistance" to do related work well.

　　Spring Festival travel rush really became a social focus, but also from the beginning of reform and opening up. The spring tide of reform has enabled China’s population to move on a large scale, and the increase in income has given people spare money to travel. Migrant workers, students, visiting relatives and tourists have begun to converge in Spring Festival travel rush. In 1979, China’s Spring Festival travel rush made a historic breakthrough of 100 million person-times. "One vote is hard to find" has become the focus of Spring Festival travel rush every year since then.

　　In 2018, Spring Festival travel rush is expected to send 2.98 billion passengers nationwide, which is basically the same as last year. In forty years, the size of Spring Festival travel rush has expanded 30 times.

　　— — Change 2: the speed is 40 kilometers to 350 kilometers per hour, and the high-speed rail compresses the time and space distance.

　　People who have experienced Spring Festival travel rush more than ten years ago or even earlier will never forget the green leather car. The carriages are full of yearning for their hometown, and also bear the hardships of the journey home, not only the crowded carriages, but also the slow speed of stop-and-go. At that time, the average speed of national railways was less than 40 kilometers per hour.

　　On April 18, 2007, the first EMU train with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour started at Shanghai Station, and China entered the era of motor trains. At present, the national railway operating mileage reaches 127,000 kilometers, of which the high-speed railway with a speed of more than 250 kilometers per hour exceeds 25,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.

　　Nowadays, there are more and more "Fuxing" high-speed emus with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The distance from Beijing to Shanghai is about 1300 kilometers. It took almost one day and one night decades ago, but now it takes more than four hours at the earliest. High-speed rail greatly compresses the distance between time and space.

　　In 2018, with the addition of 3,038 kilometers of new high-speed rail to Spring Festival travel rush, the total number of railway passengers will increase by at least 30 million, of which about 60% will travel by high-speed rail.

　　— — Change 3: From "small window" to "big data", subverting the way of purchasing tickets.

　　"Buying tickets" has been an eternal theme in Spring Festival travel rush for decades. But how to buy a ticket has been very different these years.

　　Huang Xin, deputy director of the Passenger Transport Department of China Railway Corporation, used to work in Guangzhou Railway Group, and began to engage in passenger transport services in Spring Festival travel rush more than 20 years ago. According to his memory, at that time, the dense queues in front of Guangzhou station could throw out a few kilometers away. At night, people lay on the floor in front of the ticket window with bedrolls and lined up all night.

　　Nowadays, with the popularity of the Internet and the development and use of the new generation railway ticket system, people can buy tickets by "moving their fingertips" through the Internet.

　　"In 12306, the daily average page views reached 55.67 billion times, the page views reached 81.34 billion times at the peak, and the maximum number of hits in one hour was nearly 6 billion times, with an average of about 1.65 million times per second. The processing capacity reaches 15 million sheets per day. " Zhu Jiansheng, deputy director of Institute of Electronics, Academy of Iron Sciences, said.

　　At present, the Internet, including mobile APP, accounts for more than 60% of the total ticket sales, and more than 80% in big cities.

　　— — Change 4: From "battlefield" to "airport", the waiting environment is very different.

　　"Just like fighting, I can’t go home at the station for dozens of days. I divert people in the station square and waiting room every day for fear of an accident." Whenever Spring Festival travel rush was mentioned, Yao Hongren, the retired former deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing West Railway Station, still has a lingering fear.

　　Huang Xin recalled the "thrilling scene" of that year and said that at that time, the station and waiting room were all full of people, and the dense heads looked scary. People are like the tide. After the tide recedes, the waiting square is full of squeezed shoes.

　　"When I arrive in Spring Festival travel rush, I am most afraid that the people gathered in the station can’t walk every day, and there is an accident like trampling, and I am scared every day." Huang Xin said.

　　In those days, the railway station in Spring Festival travel rush was like a "battlefield", which makes it hard for people who are used to high-speed trains to imagine. Today’s high-speed rail station is not much different from the airport. More people like to calculate the time to arrive at the station, print their tickets by electronic equipment, and then visit the shopping malls inside to buy some special products, or sit down for a cup of coffee.

　　— — Change 5: From "starvation" to "online ordering", "internet plus" got on the train.

　　"You can still eat hot and authentic braised pork on the train. I really didn’t dare to think about it before!" During his stay in Spring Festival travel rush, Mr. Chang, who lives in Baotou, said cheerfully in the dining car of the Z315 train from Beijing to Hohhot.

　　This year in Spring Festival travel rush, Hohhot Railway Bureau Group took the lead in offering "Chinese fast food" reservation and delivery service on Z315/6 and Z317/8 trains for different levels of demand, so that passengers can enjoy the Spring Festival travel rush on the tip of their tongue.

　　Eating by train is a big problem. In the past, it was not easy to get on the green leather car, so it was a luxury to eat hot meals and dishes on the car. With the gradual improvement of the ride environment, people can eat the box lunch provided by the train, and more people choose to bring their own dry food.

　　According to the memories of some retired railway conductors, everything was brought at that time, including pancakes, green onions and lunch boxes. Later, more and more people brought bread, sausages and instant noodles, and even roast chicken beer was brought when conditions were better. There is a dining car on the train, and there is a box lunch delivered by a trolley. The cheapest box lunch on each train always sells the fastest.

　　Now, there are more and more bento boxes on the train, ranging from 15 yuan to seventy or eighty yuan. Since last summer, the railway has launched the Internet ordering service for EMU trains, which has enriched people’s dining on high-speed trains: not only fast food such as KFC and Kung Fu, but also local specialties such as beef noodles, lion’s head and salted duck.

　　— — Change 6: From "going around" to "extending in all directions", the road home is easier.

　　In people’s memory, Spring Festival travel rush is always closely linked with railway trains. In fact, Spring Festival travel rush’s road trip is the "big head". Of the nearly 3 billion passengers this year, less than 400 million were transported by rail, and more than 80% went home by road.

　　Because of the highway, we don’t have to take a tractor or even a carriage, but drive a car and get on a bus; Because of the bridge, we don’t have to take a small ferry anymore; Because of the tunnel, we don’t have to go around in the mountains anymore … … Nowadays, the road network extending in all directions makes the road home easier, faster and safer.

　　In the early days of reform and opening up, the highway density per 100 square kilometers in China was only 9.1 kilometers. Now, this figure has expanded more than five times, reaching 48.92 kilometers per 100 square kilometers.

　　China’s expressways didn’t start construction until the 1980s. In 1988, the Shanghai-Jiading Expressway was opened to traffic, marking a zero breakthrough in China’s expressways. In 1999, China’s expressway mileage exceeded 10,000 kilometers, and last year it reached 136,000 kilometers. The expressway has covered 97% of the cities and prefecture-level administrative centers with a population of more than 200,000.

　　— — Change 7: From "pots and pans" to "express delivery", the less luggage, the easier it is.

　　No matter how you go home, always take your luggage. Over the years, people’s luggage has also changed a lot.

　　Ten years back, in railway stations and long-distance bus stations, the kind of "you carry the burden, I hold the child, bring all the pots and pans and bedrolls, and there is a small home in the luggage" is everywhere. People who go home from work bring as many new year’s goods as possible, as well as daily necessities that they can’t bear to throw away.

　　Nowadays, in Spring Festival travel rush, the burden on people’s shoulders is getting lighter and lighter, and the steps are not as heavy as before. Less luggage, on the one hand, shows that life is better, and the gap between urban and rural areas has narrowed. What used to be only available in the city is now available in the countryside. On the other hand, the booming e-commerce has acted as a "porter" for new year’s goods.

　　According to the person in charge of the Market Supervision and Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Post Bureau, more and more people are shopping online for the Spring Festival in advance, and people have not arrived yet. During my stay in Spring Festival travel rush last year, more than 100 million parcels were on the road every day, of which more than 60% were new year’s goods.

　　— — Change 8: From "going home" to "traveling", Spring Festival travel rush is all over the world.

　　As the old saying goes, "If you have money, go home for the New Year". No matter how hard the journey is, you must go back to your hometown and parents for the New Year. In recent years, it has become fashionable to take family members out to travel for the New Year. Northerners go south to "warm up", southerners go north to "cat winter", and even more and more families travel abroad.

　　During the Spring Festival of 2017, the country received a total of 344 million tourists, a year-on-year increase of 13.8%. This year, this figure is only a lot more.

　　According to Ctrip’s travel forecast, the Spring Festival in 2018 will be the "hottest" Spring Festival in history, with more than 6 million outbound tourists, more than 100 departure cities, more than 60 countries and 280 destinations around the world, and the farthest to the South Pole.

Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of Beijing Vocational Skills Improvement Action (2019-2021)

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2019] No.18

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　"Beijing Vocational Skills Improvement Action Implementation Plan (2019-2021)" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you. Please earnestly organize the implementation.

General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government

September 27, 2019

Implementation Plan of Beijing Vocational Skills Promotion Action

(2019-2021)

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Vocational Skills Improvement (2019-2021) (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.24), this plan is formulated in combination with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　I. General requirements

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, regard vocational skills training as a key measure to maintain employment stability and alleviate structural employment contradictions, base ourselves on the actual economic and social development of the capital, adhere to demand-oriented and result-oriented, vigorously implement the lifelong vocational skills training system, and continue to carry out it in accordance with the working ideas of making training information public, cataloguing training items, real-time training evaluation, integrating training resources and making effective use of funds. Strive to reach the end of 2021, the proportion of skilled workers in the total number of employed people in this city will reach 30%, and the proportion of highly skilled talents in skilled workers will reach 33%.

　　Two, vigorously carry out vocational skills training for enterprise employees.

　　(1) Strengthen the pre-job training of enterprise employees. We will implement the pre-job training system of recruiting new employees, retraining and taking up their posts, and carry out skills training to meet the needs of posts and development. First, for the new employees of the enterprise, if the training time is not less than 40 hours within 12 months after the employee’s employment, the enterprise will be subsidized according to the standard of 500 yuan per person. The second is to implement the new apprenticeship training plan of "recruitment means enrollment, enrollment means enrollment, and joint training of enterprises and schools", and deepen the training mechanism of "jointly building majors, talents and bases". For the new apprentices who implement the training plan for one to three years, according to the urgent need of the industry, the type of occupation, the training level and the implementation effect, the enterprise subsidy will be given according to the standard of 5,000 yuan to 8,000 yuan per person per year. The third is to implement the action plan to improve the safety skills of employees in high-risk industries. After January 1, 2019, employees of enterprises who have newly obtained special operation certificates and special equipment operator certificates and paid unemployment insurance in this city for more than one year will be given personal subsidies according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person.

　　(two) to strengthen the post skills training of enterprise employees. Encourage enterprises to carry out on-the-job training, off-the-job training, online learning and other vocational skills training, support enterprises to hold various vocational skills competitions, and improve the quality and service level of employees. Implement three training programs to improve job skills and quality: First, implement job training and upgrading programs. For employees of enterprises who have newly obtained national vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill level certificates such as junior workers, intermediate workers, senior workers, technicians and senior technicians after January 1, 2019, and have paid unemployment insurance in this city for more than one year, they will be given personal skills upgrading subsidies according to the standards of 1000 yuan, 1,500 yuan, 2,000 yuan, 2,500 yuan and 3,000 yuan respectively. Among them, if the identified difficult enterprises carry out national vocational qualification training or vocational skill level training, they will be subsidized according to 50% of the above standards; Difficult enterprises to carry out non-level skills training for enterprise employees and the training time is not less than 20 class hours, according to the standard of 500 yuan per person to give enterprise subsidies. The second is to implement the training plan for high-skilled personnel, support enterprises to organize high-skilled personnel to participate in technical innovation, technological transformation and other training programs, and give each enterprise listed in the training program a training subsidy of not more than 300,000 yuan per year according to the standard of 5,000 yuan per person. The third is to implement the innovative training plan for master skill studios, support enterprises to establish master skill studios, undertake skills inheritance training, technical skills innovation, skills promotion and exchange and other projects, and give each declared and approved project no more than 300,000 yuan in funding every year.

　　Three, strengthen the key industries, key areas of vocational skills training.

　　(three) the implementation of key industries personnel training plan. Around the top ten high-tech industries in the capital, as well as key industries such as financial technology and cultural and creative industries, skills upgrading training will be included in the industrial service package, and training programs will be developed with demand as the guide. For high-tech industrial enterprises and financial technology enterprises that organize employees to carry out skills upgrading training and pass the examination, they will be subsidized according to the standard of not more than 20,000 yuan per person; For those who have participated in the training and have been employed in relevant enterprises in this city for more than 3 months after the training, they will be given personal incentive subsidies according to 50% of the above standards. Develop training catalogues for creative design, animation production, high-end homestays, old-fashioned skills inheritance and other cultural and creative industries. For those related enterprises that organize employees to carry out skills upgrading training, enterprises will be subsidized according to the standard of not exceeding 5,000 yuan per person.

　　(four) the implementation of life service and urban operation security and other key areas of employee training program. In the fields of old-age care, security, medical care, child care, express delivery, etc., if employees are organized to improve their skills and obtain corresponding certificates, they will be subsidized by enterprises or training institutions according to the actual work and the standard that each person does not exceed 3,000 yuan. For enterprises in urban water supply, drainage, heating, gas, landscaping, public transportation, environmental sanitation and other key areas, if they organize employees to carry out skills upgrading training, they will be subsidized according to the standard of no more than 4,000 yuan per person.

　　In addition, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, as a pilot area of skills training in this city, can not only enjoy the municipal inclusive policy, but also formulate corresponding training and reward policies according to the regional reality, and the municipal funds will provide supporting support according to the capital investment of the development zone.

　　Fourth, strengthen the employment and entrepreneurship training for key groups

　　(five) the implementation of free training programs for employment and entrepreneurship of key groups. For the unemployed, rural migrant workers (including low-income farmers), urban and rural junior high school graduates who have not continued their studies, transferred workers, college graduates in this city, retired soldiers, and disabled people, we will continue to implement free training such as labor preparation training, employment skills training, and vocational skills upgrading training. We will continue to carry out rural labor transfer and employment training around key tasks or major projects such as the preparation for the Winter Olympics and Paralympics and the construction of Beijing’s sub-center. Strengthen the public service of entrepreneurship training, innovate entrepreneurship training mode, strengthen the development of entrepreneurship training projects, focus on college graduates in this city, and carry out free entrepreneurship training for key groups that meet the conditions and have entrepreneurial aspirations.

　　(six) the implementation of employment difficulties personnel training subsidy program. We will increase assistance to people with employment difficulties. Those who absorb people with employment difficulties and carry out job-based training will be given vocational training subsidies for no more than 6 months according to the 500 yuan standard per person per month. Cost of living allowance during the training period for people with employment difficulties and rural labor force.

　　(seven) the implementation of domestic service upgrading and expansion of special training plan. To carry out pre-job training for domestic service personnel, and if the training time per person is not less than 80 class hours per year, the enterprise subsidy will be given according to the standard of 2,000 yuan per person; To carry out "tempering" training, and each person’s annual training time is not less than 40 class hours, the enterprise subsidy will be given according to the standard of 500 yuan per person, among which, the enterprise subsidy will be given according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person for the employee-made domestic enterprises that carry out "tempering" training.

　　(eight) the implementation of farmers’ professional quality improvement plan. For new formats such as sightseeing and leisure, rural tourism, under-forest economy, and rural e-commerce, we will establish training catalogues focusing on improving farmers’ professional quality, production skills and management ability, organize and implement free training for farmers mainly by means of government purchasing services, and accelerate the construction of a team of high-quality farmers with culture, technology, good management and management.

　　Fifth, mobilize the enthusiasm of the training subjects

　　(nine) support enterprises to expand the scale of training. Support all kinds of enterprises, especially enterprises above designated size or enterprises with more employment, to set up employee training centers, carry out vocational skills training for the society, and undertake subsidized training projects. Strengthen the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and actively cultivate a number of enterprises with integration of production and education. Support the training base of skilled personnel to organize and carry out skills upgrading training for employees, and give subsidies to the training base according to the standard of no more than 4,000 yuan per person.

　　(ten) support vocational colleges to expand the supply of training. Improve the modern vocational education system that pays equal attention to academic education and training, and carry out vocational training for students and all members of society in accordance with the ideas of combining education with training, combining length with length, and combining inside and outside. Accelerate the transformation and development of some municipal universities to applied technology, and carry out vocational skills education and training. To formulate the management measures for vocational training in vocational colleges, and when the total performance pay of vocational colleges is approved, it can be tilted to the units that undertake vocational skills training. Vocational colleges are allowed to incorporate a certain percentage of training income into school public funds, and the school training workload can be converted into full-time student training workload according to a certain proportion. In the internal distribution of vocational colleges, teachers who undertake vocational skills training should be inclined to ensure their reasonable treatment.

　　(eleven) support social institutions to participate in vocational skills training and evaluation. Support social forces to organize private vocational skills training institutions, strengthen the management and service of training institutions, improve the evaluation and reward and punishment system, and promote standardized and branded development. In accordance with the requirements of the state, establish and implement a vocational skill level identification system, and support employers and social training evaluation organizations to carry out vocational skill level identification in accordance with relevant regulations. Establish a quality monitoring system for evaluation work, carry out regular evaluation and inspection, and improve the level of evaluation work.

　　(twelve) innovative vocational skills training content and mode. Scientifically design the training content, and run the comprehensive training content such as professional ethics, quality awareness, legal awareness, safety production, health and guidance on employment and entrepreneurship throughout the training process. Incorporate new technologies, new processes and new norms into teaching standards and teaching contents, and strengthen practical training. Vigorously develop modern training methods such as "internet plus", encourage the construction of intelligent training platforms, improve teaching methods by using modern information technology, and promote the construction and universal application of online learning spaces such as virtual factories. Promote flexible academic system and credit system, accelerate the construction of "credit bank", and realize traceability, inquiry and conversion of learning results. Set up high-level teachers’ teaching innovation team, carry out cutting-edge technology and knowledge update training, and increase the development and update of distance training courseware.

　　(thirteen) to strengthen the basic capacity building of vocational skills training. Actively promote the inventory management of vocational skills training, and publish the catalogue of training and evaluation institutions, so that workers can choose according to their needs. Strengthen the training of vocational training teachers and the construction of expert teams, and promote the co-construction and sharing of vocational skills training resources. Vocational colleges and training institutions implement a full-time and part-time teacher system, and can independently recruit enterprise skilled personnel to teach according to regulations. Strengthen the quality evaluation and supervision of vocational training, and speed up the informatization construction of vocational training management. Implement the real-name management of vocational skills training, supervise the whole training process, and ensure the accurate use of subsidy funds. Each district can support the upgrading of training facilities and equipment of enterprises, colleges and training institutions.

　　Sixth, strengthen organizational guarantee

　　(14) Improve the working mechanism. Under the unified leadership of the municipal employment leading group, the city’s vocational skills promotion action establishes a working mechanism of group overall planning, urban implementation, industry responsibility, institutional participation, special financial accounts and one network verification. City employment work leading group is responsible for the inter-departmental and cross-level coordination of skills upgrading actions, formulate annual work plans, decompose work tasks, establish and improve special fund payment ledgers, establish work reporting system and supervision and inspection system, and do a good job in task implementation. Departments in charge of various industries and districts should take vocational skills upgrading as an important livelihood project, and strictly implement the skills upgrading training tasks for enterprise employees and key groups in light of the actual situation. Departments in charge of various industries should take the lead in organizing the training of vocational skills improvement in their own systems and fields, formulate relevant support policies, and organize training and fund review. Trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations and other mass organizations, trade associations, and social training and evaluation institutions should jointly participate in vocational skills training. The financial department should strengthen the supervision of vocational skills training funds, so as to be earmarked and accounted for separately, and ensure that the funds are allocated in full and on time. The human resources and social security department should rely on the information platform for vocational skills upgrading, strengthen communication and coordination with the competent departments of various industries and districts, timely collect data on trainers and subsidies, and realize online comparison, online collection and online statistics.

　　(fifteen) increase financial support. The funds used for vocational skills training from special employment funds, talent funds and industry development funds will be used as a whole for vocational skills upgrading actions, and a "special account for vocational skills upgrading actions" will be established separately in the financial special account of social security funds. The relevant policies will be implemented as of January 1, 2019. Workers who meet the relevant training subsidy policies can enjoy no more than three times a year, and the same occupation and the same level cannot be enjoyed repeatedly. Enterprises should fully extract and use employee education funds according to relevant regulations, of which more than 60% are used for front-line employee training, which can be used for enterprise "mentoring" subsidies. Implement the tax policy of increasing the pre-tax deduction limit of enterprise employees’ education funds to 8% of total wages and salaries. Promote enterprises to extract employee education funds to carry out independent training and enjoy policies to carry out subsidized training. Support basic work such as the development of vocational skills training textbooks, teacher training, teaching reform and vocational skills competition, and reward and supplement the training organization and mobilization work.

　　(sixteen) to strengthen quality supervision and inspection. Improve the performance evaluation system of vocational skills training and support the development of third-party evaluation. Departments in charge of various industries and districts shall, in combination with the division of work, earnestly perform the duties of reviewing application materials, and effectively identify the authenticity of fund distribution objects and their application materials. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection of training quality, conduct supervision and evaluation by means of daily supervision, special supervision and annual assessment, regularly organize special audits and performance appraisal, strengthen the prevention and control of integrity risks, and ensure the safety and efficiency of funds. Acts of obtaining or defrauding funds by means of false training shall be dealt with severely according to discipline, law and regulations.

　　(seventeen) do a good job in policy interpretation and publicity. Departments in charge of various industries and districts should increase the publicity of vocational skills upgrading actions, promote the disclosure of training information, guide enterprises, training institutions and workers to actively participate in vocational skills upgrading actions, make full use of policies, improve the public awareness of policies, and jointly promote the development of vocational skills training.

　　Attachment: 2019 Task Breakdown Table of Beijing Vocational Skills Upgrading Subsidized Training

37- Attachment: 2019 Task Breakdown Table of Beijing Vocational Skills Upgrading Subsidized Training. jpg

Is the new virus attacking the throat coming？ Swollen throat, swallowing blades … Doctor： Teach you 4 ways to relieve it!

Original attention → Health Times

Light the star.

Don’t miss every push.

A stream and B stream are just right, and many people are "recruited" again. Different from the cold symptoms in the past, many people reported sore throat and swollen throat this time, like swallowing a blade … Many people questioned, "Is the new virus attacking the throat coming?"

Is the new virus attacking the throat coming?

"My throat was swollen overnight. At first I thought it was tonsillitis, and then I started to have a low fever. I had no strength and my throat was so swollen that I couldn’t swallow water." On January 28th, Krishna Kumari (pseudonym), who works in Beijing, told the People’s Daily Health Client that at first she thought she had COVID-19 or flu, but all the results were negative. As soon as her throat became swollen, she began to take anti-inflammatory drugs. As a result, she took a lot of anti-inflammatory drugs and her throat still didn’t get better. ①

There are not a few netizens who are in a similar situation to Krishna Kumari on social media. Some netizens even said, "Pharyngolaryngitis is much worse than COVID-19" and "I didn’t escape this pharyngitis from COVID-19". Some netizens said, "In the afternoon, my throat is dry, and at night, I directly’ swallow the blade’ and feel sore all over." "This is a virus that specifically attacks the throat? The tonsils are suppurated and the saliva hurts. It has been 9 days. "

A sudden onset of pharyngitis,

What virus is it?

On January 28th, Hu Yang, deputy director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of pulmonary hospital, told People’s Daily Health Client that sore throat is common in acute inflammation of the throat, such as acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis and acute laryngitis, which can all cause sore throat. This kind of pain is mostly caused by bacterial infection or virus infection, and it can also be caused by mixed infection of bacteria and virus. Clinically, it is characterized by sore throat, foreign body sensation in throat, accompanied by swallowing pain, and sometimes accompanied by fever, fatigue and other systemic symptoms. ①

In December 2023, patients in the fever clinic of Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University were waiting for treatment. Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University

Xie Jin, chief physician of the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, introduced in an interview with the Morning News on January 23 that some acute pharyngitis is caused by virus infection, and different influenza viruses such as influenza A and B may cause the same symptoms. It may also be common viruses, adenoviruses, etc., and the detection of common viruses is sometimes undetectable. Therefore, someone will have a sore throat. Going to the hospital to find out that it is not the current popular viruses such as influenza A, influenza B and mycoplasma pneumonia. ②

Dr. Xie Jin said, "The symptoms of acute pharyngolaryngitis are often acute at the beginning. The dry and burning throat pain is often more obvious when swallowing saliva than when eating, and this pain sometimes radiates to the ear, causing reflex pain."

In these cases,

Be sure to go to the hospital in time!

Dr. Xie Jin reminded me that my throat was so sore that I couldn’t swallow it when I was eating. Speaking was like slurring my words with glutinous rice balls. Or the general symptoms are obvious, and the symptoms such as fever, headache and limb pain are obvious, so you should go to the hospital. In addition, cough and expectoration are very severe, so not only the upper respiratory tract, but also the bronchi and lungs of the lower respiratory tract may have problems. In this case, you should go to the hospital and take a film. ②

Dr. Hu Yang reminded that not all fever and sore throat are caused by COVID-19 and flu, so you need not be too nervous. When the above symptoms appear, you can generally use some drugs that are pungent and cool, such as Yanyan tablets and Lanqin oral liquid. In addition, you should drink plenty of water, try to eat lightly and develop good eating and living habits. "If there is no obvious relief within one to two weeks and the situation is getting worse, it is recommended to go to the hospital for further examination to avoid problems such as lung infection." ①

Health Times Cao Zihao photo

Four small ways to relieve pharyngitis

Zhu Yun, deputy chief physician of wuhan union hospital Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, recommended four effective methods to relieve pharyngitis and sore throat in October 2023 in Health Times. ③

Step 1 rinse your mouth with salt water

Washing the mucosa of the throat with salt water can play a role in sterilization and relieving inflammation. Add 250 ml of warm boiled water to salt the size of a beer bottle cap, dissolve it fully, then put the salt water in the mouth and tongue root for 20 ~ 30 seconds, then spit it out, and finally rinse your mouth with clear water.

Step 2 Moisten your throat with steam

Moisturize the throat with steam. Boil a cup of boiling water, aim the mouth of the cup at the throat for fumigation, or buy a special steam instrument. However, it should be noted that the water temperature should be controlled below 60℃. It is recommended to take about 20 minutes twice a day.

Step 3 ensure drinking water

Dietary Guidelines for China Residents 2022 recommends that adult men drink 1,700 ml of water every day and women drink 1,500 ml of water every day. In addition, you can also drink some tea to relieve pain and inflammation.

4. Including swallow tablets

Put the throat tablet on the base of the tongue near the throat. However, most throat tablets contain iodine, which can inhibit bacteria, but excessive iodine may irritate oral mucosa, so it is recommended to take it under the guidance of a doctor.

Dongying Estuary： Practical Manual of Agricultural Technology Helps Crops Planting in Saline-alkali Land

On February 20th, the Practical Handbook of Agricultural Technology in Hekou District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, which was jointly organized by Meteorological Bureau, Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Water Conservancy Bureau, Science and Technology Association and Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was printed.

Hekou District is located at the mouth of the Yellow River, and saline-alkali land is widely distributed. For a long time, soil salinization has seriously affected crop growth. This manual introduces the causes and harm of saline-alkali land in detail, and provides farmers with the whole process guidance from seed selection, sowing to field management for crops such as sweet potato, cotton and soybean. At the same time, the manual focuses on the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors such as illumination, temperature, precipitation, wind speed and local climate characteristics on crops in saline-alkali land, and introduces meteorological services such as meteorological disaster early warning and refined meteorological forecast.

It is reported that this partThe paper version of the manual will be distributed to cooperatives and large growers one after another, and will also beAn electronic version will be released to broadcast "timely rain" for spring ploughing.

(Author: Du Xiaoxiao Editor: Su Jessie)

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18

　　Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18, which is a new SUV model under the Changan Automobile Deep Blue brand. It is positioned as a "new hard-core technology" model. The price of the new car is expected to be around 300,000 yuan.

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18 _fororder_image001

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18 _fororder_image002

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18 _fororder_image003

　　The new car as a whole adopts a hard-edged off-road vehicle shape, with a square outline and clear three-dimensional lines, highlighting a good sense of power. The black package is used under the front bar, forming a strong contrast with the body. The C-shaped daily line on both sides of the front is very recognizable. It is worth mentioning that the dark blue G318 also provides the original roof rack spotlights, which can provide more abundant ambient lighting during crossing or camping. On the side of the body, the dark blue G318 adopts the design of front low and back high, and the waist line and roof line form a cutting surface, bringing a strong sense of power. At the same time, the new car adopts the classic six-spoke wheel hub, and the combination of off-road tires enhances the overall fashion sense of the new car. The length, width and height of the new car are 4915/4998 * 1985 * 1885/1960 mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2880 mm. The dark blue G318 rear is themed with the "Space Gate". The main body is formed by the tail window glass and the black parts below, and the two sides of the volume are extended to intersect to form a lifting structure. The C-shaped energy crystal tail light echoes the headlights, and the shape of the tail light group is more three-dimensional and powerful. The new car adopts the "small schoolbag" common to hard-core off-road vehicles. It can be judged by the door handle design that the car will adopt a side-opening tailgate structure, which greatly improves the loading capacity.

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18 _fororder_image004

Changan Deep Blue G318 will debut on March 18 _fororder_image005

　　The dark blue G318 is equipped with super range extension, equipped with front and rear dual motor four-wheel drive, the total power of the system is 316kW, the full load mass is 2800kg, and the ton power reaches 112.86kW/1000kg; in terms of expansibility, the dark blue G318 provides a wealth of original expansion parts, including luggage racks, headlights, electric pedals, backpack bags, spare tires, etc. The new car has towing qualifications to meet the needs of users for outdoor towing, and is also equipped with in-situ U-turn function to achieve a very small turning radius through rear wheel reversal. (Source: Changan Deep Blue)

Wang Sicong helps out ＂King of Bath＂ Peng Yuchang Qiao Shan performs back tapping secret skills

1905 movie network news　On November 29th, the comedy film held a press conference on "Wash away your troubles in advance of the New Year" in Hangzhou. Director Yi Xiaoxing, starring Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan, appeared on the scene to share the creative journey and behind-the-scenes interesting things with the audience. Director Yi Xiaoxing talked about the bath culture on the spot to explain the source of inspiration and pay tribute to the spirit of craftsmen; Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan had a tacit understanding of the painting relay behind the scenes, showing "brotherhood" in and out of the play. In addition, the main creators performed the rubbing dance on the spot, and the main creator friend Wang Sicong made a surprise appearance to experience the back tapping skills that Peng Yuchang practiced hard after entering the group, which made the scene boil instantly. The film was directed by Yi Xiaoxing, starring Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan, starring Bu Guanjin and Wei Qing, and Jin Shijia starred in friendship. The film has been set for December 11, in advance of the New Year to wash away the worries.

Peng Yuchang Qiao Shan’s painting relay joyfully goes into battle, showing tacit brotherhood inside and outside the play

The comedy film "The King of Bath" tells the laughing story of Xiao Xiang, played by Peng Yuchang, who changed from a boy to a bathman after he unexpectedly lost his memory, and practiced his skills under the guidance of Zhou Donghai, played by Qiao Shan, and wanted to become a generation "The King of Bath". Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan formed an extraordinary tacit understanding during the shooting process, and the host of the press conference asked a question to test the tacit understanding value of the "brothers". In the game of back painting, director Yi Xiaoxing’s soul hand-painted "shower nozzle", Peng Yuchang used it as a "comb" and "accurately" replicated it on Qiao Shan’s back. Qiao Shan also drew a "comb" after savoring it carefully, and the two "bath brothers" actually "misinterpreted" the director’s painting synchronously.

Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan, the "bath brothers", taste the ups and downs together in the play, and there are hardships and joys outside the play. The two expressed their joy in working together on the scene. Whether it is "being honest with each other" in costumes for the first time, or "shirtless" in the cold winter, their tacit understanding has also been improved with the shooting of the film. The whole crew is as happy as the "bath family" in the movie, conveying the same warm and joyous theme as the film.

Wang Sicong experiences Peng Yuchang’s unique secret technique and knocks on the back. The main creators dance together, rub and dance, and the happiness value is off the table

"The King of Bath" is a comedy film focusing on traditional Chinese bathing culture. The extraordinary theme selection expresses the director Yi Xiaoxing’s tribute to the spirit of craftsmanship, and Peng Yuchang also conveys the spirit of craftsmanship as an actor by learning the art of tapping the back in order to play the role of the bath master. At the press conference, Peng Yuchang showed his unique one-handed back tapping secret skill without hesitation. Director Yi Xiaoxing’s long-time friend Wang Sicong took the stage in surprise. After enjoying Master Peng’s back tapping, he shouted that he wanted to add more bells! And Qiao Shan, the "son of the bathhouse", also showed his skills, demonstrating the "hooves sound" of the northern school’s back tapping on the talent. It can be seen that behind the comedy, there is no lack of serious dedication from the creators. "The King of Bath" is not only funny, but also a good show.

Previously, the film released the concept theme song "Rubbing". The magical melody and interesting dance of the song quickly won the love of countless audiences. The MV showed different bathing cultures around the world, and the rubbing dance attracted many friends to imitate it. Director Yi Xiaoxing and starring stars Peng Yuchang and Qiao Shan also imitated it on the spot, which was full of joy. At the end of the press conference, the creators collectively took a group photo with the gesture of rubbing the bath, leaving a warm and happy moment. I believe that the film will bring the audience a steaming joy in the cold winter like the warm atmosphere of the press conference.

The film will be screened in 20 cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Harbin, and Changchun on December 5 and 6, and will land in theaters across the country on December 11 to watch "The King of Bathing" and wash away your worries in advance of the New Year!

Where to play on National Day？ After reading this article, 90% people changed their travel plans!

Where to play during the seven-day National Day holiday? As a diamond player, of course, the first choice is here! World classic car parade, beautiful car models, car carnival … make your eleventh rich and colorful! ! !

I won’t tell you,At the end of the article, there are value-added benefits)

Pay tribute to the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.

World classic treasure car parade

According to official website of Shenzhen International Auto Show, the biggest highlight of this year’s Shenzhen International Auto Show isfirst timeHold the World Treasure Car Tour!

On the afternoon of September 30th, more than 40 world classic cars from Hong Kong crossed the Shenzhen Bay Bridge and headed for Pengcheng.40 cars pay tribute to 40 years"Celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up! ! !

The collection team made a live parade in various landmark locations in Shenzhen, and finally sailed to the Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center to create a so far.The largest "World Collection Car Museum".

Departure ceremony: 14:58 pm on September 30th.

Cruise time: 14: 58-16: 00.

Landmarks for cruising: Shenzhen Bay Port-Nanhai Avenue-Shennan Avenue (Shenda, Hi-tech Park, Window of the World, Overseas Chinese Town, East China Sea Colorful World, Chegong Temple, Xiangmi Lake, Shopping Park)-Fuhua Third Road-Exhibition Center.

Worth over 100 million yuanThe collection team has a strong lineup, and the following are some of the models that will participate in the tour:

1949 Triumph 2D

1957 Sunbeam Rapier Series 2

1967 Mercedes Benz 230S

1982 BMW 323i

1933 Austin Lam Wai Man 01

1965 Volvo

1970 Morris Minor 1000 Estate

1978 Panther Lima

This is a special gift to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, a deep greeting across Shenzhen and Hong Kong, and a visual feast of classical cars that shocked Pengcheng. The Museum of Treasured Cars is in Hall 5 of Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center, waiting for you to participate.

Let you see presbyopia

Five-star feast of vision and hearing

Beautiful model with fair skin and a leisurely smile, walking gracefully from the other end of the runway, does your little heart beat faster?

400 first-line supermodels appeared at the auto show at the same time, but all kinds of beautiful women and young ladies can attack your heart online.

The model picture comes from the Pacific photography tribe, thanks to the photographer-Xiaozhou

Passionate hipster, dancing smart body, full marks of dynamic dance vitality, has it also ignited the "passionate dance soul" in your body?

The dramatic actors who are full of emotions and emotions, fully engaged in the performance, show the most full plot with body language, are you brought into it under the stage?

At first glance, I thought I was on the wrong set, yes! Shenzhen International Auto Show is so fantastic, so dynamic and so comprehensive! 100 wonderful performances of sound, light and electricity will keep you watching ~

Enjoy the discount nonstop

Feast one’s eyes on the car market

The scene brought together domestic and foreign.100 well-known automobile brands, with itsMore than 800 modelsGorgeous appearance. Whether it is the mainstream model or the new force of making cars, it has hung the appetite of many fans with all kinds of bright-eyed models!

Bentley Tim Yue V8

As always, the new car keeps the elegant soul in the British bones and the tonality of the brand.

Bmw X4

The new car is a new generation model with 2.0T and 3.0T engines.

Audi Q2L

As an Audi entry-level SUV, the interior and exterior design of the new car is more youthful.

More new cars look here.
Look down
Maserati Levante Trofeo
As a high-performance model of Levante, the new car is equipped with a 3.8T V8 twin-turbo engine, and the acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h is only 3.9s.
Mercedes-benz AMG GLC63
If you want to have an SUV with super performance, then Mercedes-Benz AMG GLC 63 S is absolutely no choice.
Dongfeng Honda xrv15 15th Anniversary Edition
The 15th Anniversary Edition of Dongfeng Honda xrv15 inherits the excellent quality of suv made by Dongfeng Honda, and integrates the latest design concept of Honda in the world, taking into account the value and strength.
GAC Mitsubishi Yige
GAC Mitsubishi announced its new compact SUV Eclipse Cross, which will go on sale in November.
Roewe Marvel X
"online celebrity Car" which highly restores the appearance of the concept car and has a sense of design at the same time.
Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi GS5
Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi’s first SUV model also fills the gap between GS4 and FS7.
Dongfeng fengxing T5
Dongfeng Fengxing T5 is the first product in the era of Dongfeng Fengxing 3.0. The biggest highlight is that it is equipped with FutrueLink3.0 car networking system developed in cooperation with Tencent and equipped with ADAS intelligent driving assistance system.
Dongfeng Qichen T60
The tough route chosen in the design makes the new car more rugged in visual effect.
Dongfeng is popular in fengshen AX7
The new car will continue to be equipped with a 1.6T engine from PSA, and the new appearance is more youthful and fashionable.
Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi 2019 GS4 PHEV
As a super-cow plug-in mainstream SUV, the new car still maintains the strength genes such as high face value, large space and low fuel consumption.
DS7 Bordeaux Red Edition
The red version of Bordeaux’s new car has made many fans feel like it’s advanced.
Subaru’s new generation of foresters
Subaru’s new generation forester (fifth generation) is newly built based on Subaru SGP global modular platform. The handling performance, passive safety and power system compatibility of SGP platform have been upgraded.
Chery EXEED TX
Chery’s high-end SUV is also quite fashionable in interior design. The 1.6T engine powered by Chery is the first TGDI direct-injection turbocharged engine officially mass-produced in ten years.
Byd Qin Pro DM
In body design, the arc of the roof starts to press down from the C-pillar, which makes the side lines move a lot, while in the interior, it is simple and has a strong scientific and technological atmosphere.
Changan Automobile-Auchan COS 1 (Kesai)
The body size of 4830/1868/1775mm allows the new car to provide 5-seat, 6-seat and 7-seat layout designs to fully meet the needs of different users.
Mg HS
This "hormone SUV" is loved by more young people who are the main consumers. Its domineering appearance, 10.1-inch independent touch screen, safety configuration and entertainment configuration are among the best in its class.
Dongfeng Nissan Xuanyi
In appearance, sylphy pure electricity can be regarded as a combination of listening to the wind and sylphy. The overall shape conforms to the moderate aesthetic of Chinese people and has some sense of science and technology.
Beijing Hyundai Tucson
The handling performance and safety protection ability of the new car will be further improved, and at the same time, it will be equipped with a brand-new intelligent network connection system to meet the requirements of young consumers for intelligent interconnection.

In addition to the traditional conventional new energy brands such as BYD, Roewe, GAC, Geely and BAIC, there are also new interconnected intelligent new energy brands and their models such as Weimar, Weilai, Baiteng and Yundu. This is their first show in the auto show in South China!

And on-site "one-stop car purchase service" and enjoy11.11 Singles’ Day discountLet the friends who want to buy a car and change cars, it is more convenient and more secure to buy a car on the spot! In previous years, the turnover of new cars was more than 10 thousand units! ! !

This eleven

Shenzhen international auto show is waiting for you ~

Entertainment, discount, experience and excitement are all here.

Just one you.

2018 Shenzhen International Auto Show, a total of Shenzhen was opened.Convention and Exhibition Center No.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6There are six exhibition halls with an exhibition area of over 80,000 square meters.

Fan fuliyi

This time the little lion dragon won it for you.

The babies who belong to Shenzhen in fancy.

Big and big fan benefits ~

Shenzhen International Auto ShowEarly bird ticket

(19.9 yuan/sheet)

There are only 100.

have only100Zhang

alsoVIP treatment levelOh ~

Babies with exhibition experience

Scan code to add litchi micro signal:hyszdahei

After passing the screening

Everyone canReceive a giftA ticket for the exhibition.

Fan Welfare II

Leave your heart in the message area

[Auto Show, which model (what activity) do you want to see most? 】

The little lion dragon will be there before 12 noon on September 29th.

Extract the top 20 fans from the message area.

Send one to everyone.

Tickets for Shenzhen International Auto Show ~

Fan Welfare III

(A message that is not welfare ~)

The car show is so big, there are so many luxury cars and the car models are so beautiful.

Want to catch all the sights of the auto show?

quicklyaddMiss litchi, apply to join the group

Team up with the old drivers at the auto show
Everybody split up.

Never let go of any climax of the auto show

There are other benefits in the group ~

Shenzhen International Auto Show

Holding time:October 1-October 6, 2018

Venue:Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center (No.111 Fuhua Third Road, Futian District)

Hold the exhibition hall:Halls 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Bus:There are bus stops on Jintian Road in the east, Yitian Road in the west, Binhe Road in the south and Fuhua No.3 Road in the north of the Convention and Exhibition Center.

Subway:The Convention and Exhibition Center is the hub station of Metro Line 1 and Line 4, which can directly reach the inside of the Convention and Exhibition Center through the underground passage, and the E and D exits are about 150 meters’ walk to the North Square of the Convention and Exhibition Center. Subway Line 1 Shopping Park Station Exit D is about 150 meters walk to the west entrance of the Convention and Exhibition Center.

-Advertising-

–END–

Written by: Little Lion Dragon

Information: Provided by Shenzhen Hong Kong-Macao International Auto Show and Shenzhen International Auto Show.

Photo: Provided by Shenzhen Hong Kong-Macao International Auto Show and Shenzhen International Auto Show.

Business cooperation: szqiaolianyin

▌ Legal Counsel: Beijing Dacheng (Guangzhou) Law Firm.

▌ Contact email: meizhijianlawyer@163.com.

How to avoid ＂new pollution＂ when 200,000 tons of retired batteries flow into the black market？

CCTV News:The new energy vehicle market is experiencing explosive growth. In 2020, the sales of new energy vehicles reached 1.36 million, with a year-on-year increase of 2.8 times in the first quarter of this year, and the sales volume reached 515,000.

However, as an important part of the new energy automobile industry, the recycling of retired batteries has hidden risks. According to media reports, by 2020, the cumulative decommissioning amount of power batteries in China will be about 200,000 tons, and a large number of them will flow into informal channels such as small workshops, which will bring safety and environmental hazards.

Explosive growth of new energy vehicles "blowout" of retired batteries

Xiaomi announced the plan to build a car, Huawei laid out the vehicle controller, Evergrande said that it had invested more than 10 billion yuan in building a car, and DJI officially announced that it would enter the car track … … Nowadays, the "smart car war" is extremely hot, and the baton of technology companies’ car fever has spread from Internet companies to mobile phone companies, and now it has been sent to drone companies.

In order to solve the problems brought by traditional fuel vehicles, in recent years, countries all over the world have begun to increase research and development and support for new energy vehicles. On April 12th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the progress of establishing the policy system of Hainan Free Trade Port. At the meeting, Shen Xiaoming, director of the Standing Committee of Hainan Provincial People’s Congress, said that in order to protect the ecological environment, Hainan will no longer sell traditional fuel vehicles and fully promote clean energy vehicles by 2030.

According to the data of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, 1.36 million new energy vehicles were sold in 2020. In the first quarter of this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 533,000 and 515,000 respectively, up 3.2 times and 2.8 times respectively. However, while more and more enterprises are joining the new wave of building cars, the new energy automobile industry is in chaos.

According to the data of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, the cumulative decommissioning amount of power batteries in China will be about 200,000 tons in 2020, and this number will rise to 780,000 tons in 2025.

(New energy vehicle batteries usher in "retirement tide")

In order to ensure battery recycling, in 2018, the Interim Measures for the Management of Recycling Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Environmental Protection stipulated that automobile manufacturers should bear the main responsibility for recycling power batteries, establish power battery recycling channels, and be responsible for recycling waste power batteries generated after the use and scrapping of new energy vehicles.

Although many OEMs have established battery recycling business, a large number of power batteries have not flowed into formal channels. First of all, because retired batteries can be sold for money, many batteries have been bought at high prices by some unqualified car dismantling factories and "small workshops", and most of them do not have professional battery decomposition equipment; Secondly, consumers don’t know about the recycling channel information of retired batteries, and the motivation to turn them over voluntarily is insufficient, resulting in a large number of batteries not entering the recycling channel.

In addition, industry insiders said that in practice, the outstanding problem faced by car companies in battery recycling is the ownership of batteries. After the whole vehicle is sold to the users, the ownership of the battery belongs to the users. After the vehicle has been used for many years, the whole vehicle is scrapped, and the retired battery of the scrapped vehicle belongs to the scrapped vehicle dismantling enterprise. To some extent, this also brings difficulties for the vehicle enterprises to recycle the battery.

Power battery recycling is difficult. Experts: It needs the integration of many forces.

Ms. Jiang from Henan bought a Zotye E200 new energy vehicle with a warranty period of 8 years in 2017. The staff of the 4S shop said that it would cost about 40,000 yuan to replace the battery at their own expense after the warranty period. "Changing the battery is basically the same as changing the car."

The power battery in the new energy vehicle is a consumable, with an average service life of about five years, which is shorter than other parts of the car body. However, it holds the "life gate" of the new energy vehicle. Mileage problem, charging problem, residual value problem and the benefit of battery replacement, all these pain points around new energy vehicles are inseparable from the battery.

Professor Yan Li from the School of Environment, Renmin University of China said that the power battery is different from all other energy storage batteries, and it is a battery pack (group), which requires professional enterprises to disassemble the module, and there are special requirements for the dismantling site, equipment, personnel and safety. Dismantled waste battery cells, including waste liquid and solid waste, must be collected, stored, transported and kept as hazardous waste, and waste liquid or solid waste shall not be discarded, buried or burned.

"If the power battery cannot be effectively recycled, it will cause great environmental harm." Professor Yan Li explained that taking lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example, once the electrolyte leaked from unrecycled lithium batteries, toxic and corrosive electrolyte would flow into the natural environment, which would be harmful to human body, soil and water. The ternary lithium battery is more harmful. The battery material contains heavy metals such as manganese, cobalt and nickel, which will cause pollution to water and soil for 50 years. The carbon and graphite in the negative electrode material will cause dust pollution to the air.

According to Professor Yan Li, the standard for scrapping lithium batteries in new energy vehicles is that the battery capacity is less than 80%. At this time, the remaining capacity is not enough to support the power of new energy vehicles, but recycling at this time often causes great waste. At present, China is formulating and improving the recycling management methods of power batteries, and establishing a cascade utilization and recycling management system of power batteries. "That is to say, scrapped power batteries can be degraded to ICT, household or renewable energy for power generation and energy storage, rather than direct resource recovery."

Since the promotion of new energy vehicles in China is after 2015 and has achieved explosive growth in recent years, it is foreseeable that the scrapping of power batteries will continue to increase in the next few years. Although the country has issued the recycling standards for power batteries and effectively standardized the technology to ensure the safety, environmental protection and high efficiency of the dismantling process of power batteries, "there is no complete recycling industry chain in China, and the battery standards are not unified, the technology is immature, and the cost of battery reverse logistics recycling is high, which directly affects the economic benefits of power battery recycling and the development of recycling industry."

The battery recycling schemes of other automobile countries may have certain reference value. The United States has established a legal system for recycling used batteries from federal, state and local levels, requiring battery manufacturers to be responsible for organizing the recycling of used lead batteries, and using the handling fee paid by consumers and the recycling fee paid by battery enterprises as the source of funds for the disposal of used batteries.

Japan also stipulates that manufacturers are responsible for the recycling of Ni-MH and lithium batteries. After the batteries are recycled, they will be transported back to the battery manufacturers for disposal, and the government will give corresponding subsidies to the manufacturers. Toyota, a representative enterprise, first recycles the used batteries through the dealer network, and then disposes them in different fields by entering the maintenance system, cascade utilization and dismantling, and then disposes them after reaching a certain amount.

Germany launched the Battery Law in 2009, stipulating that battery producers and importers should register with the government, dealers should organize recycling, and users are obliged to hand over used batteries to designated recycling institutions.

Professor Yan Li said that China is at the forefront of all countries in the promotion of new energy vehicles, so the overseas experience that can be followed is limited. The rapid change of power battery technology puts forward higher requirements for its recycling. A sound battery recycling system needs the integration of policies, technologies, subsidies, supervision and other forces.